2023届高考英语二轮复习热点题型限时练七选五（含解析）

（5）七选五——2023届高考英语二轮复习热点题型限时练
答题时间：30分钟
一、
Working on ships is not an easy task and dissatisfaction and deactivation can easily be developed among seafarers as a result of various kinds of stresses. ①_____ Therefore, captain should take additional steps as mentioned below to ensure that all team members are comfortable with each other both on and off work.
The morning meeting, which is conducted to assign work to team members, is the best time to get all the crew members together. It is necessary that crew members talk to each other during such meetings. ②_____ This activity gives members a sense of responsibility and importance. It also works a great deal in improving their performance and interpersonal relationship.
On-board training program is yet another important opportunity to get crew members together to instruct important working knowledge or conduct safety committee meetings. ③_____ Spend free time together. It is often seen that post working hours, officers and crew members spend time in their own rooms instead of getting together in offices or crew lounge. Watching movies and playing games in free time is a solid way to know each other and build great relationships both on and off work.
④_____ Party is a great method to bond people together and improve scarred relationships on board ships. However, it is necessary that they are arranged in such a way that maximum crew is able to participate. Festival celebrations are also a great way to enhance interpersonal relationships between people onboard.
The above-mentioned methods are some of the main ones that are used onboard to strengthen relationships on board ships. ⑤_____ And it would also improve productivity and employment satisfaction.
A.During such situation, it is up to captain.
B.A “one-man-show” cannot run the whole ship.
C.Everyone likes to party and unwind once in a while.
D.Each member should be given a chance to provide suggestions.
E.Doing this would ensure smooth and safe operations of the ship.
F.Captain should arrange the training for maximum crew members to participate.
G.This is the most important step towards developing interpersonal relationship on board ships.
二、
Good leadership skills are important, no matter what position you’re currently in. The following are several examples of tips you can use when increasing your leadership abilities:
Get inspired. ①_____ Determine what inspires you in the workplace and use that to fuel your leadership efforts and encourage others to take action.
Reward your employees. Good leaders don’t just critique (评判) employees or assign tasks, they also take note and reward employees for a job well done. When a team member achieves a goal or performs well, reward their good performance. ②_____
③_____ It can be hard to assign tasks if you don’t first trust your team. Learn how to trust and let go so that you’re better able to release certain responsibilities to others. Not only will this help build mutual trust between you and your employees, but it will also allow you to free up your own time to focus on things that matter.
Remain transparent. ④_____ Your team must be up-to-date on current circumstances to perform their best and focus on the most appropriate tasks to achieve their goals.
Find a leadership mentor (导师). There is likely someone in your company who holds a leadership position that you look up to. Consider asking this individual to be your mentor when it comes to developing your leadership skills. ⑤_____ Try to apply what you see that leader doing to your own work and ask for feedback regularly to ensure you’re making progress.
A. Trust your team.
B. Focus on what matters most.
C. This will increase overall job satisfaction.
D. Observe how he acts in certain situations.
E. Good leaders are willing to share information.
F. You can also practice discipline in your personal life.
G. It’s hard to lead others if you aren’t motivated yourself.
三、
Good health can be defined as physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and as a resource for living a full life. But maintaining good health doesn’t happen by accident. ①_______
Studies have found that inflammation (炎症) can damage tissue, joints, artery walls, and organs. A healthy diet is rich in fiber, whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, good or unsaturated fats, and omega-3 fatty acids. ②_______ The Mediterranean diet meets all of the criteria for good health, and there is convincing evidence that it is effective at warding off heart attack, stroke, and premature death.
Physical activity is also necessary for good health. There are many benefits to exercising regularly. These include a lower risk of diseases like cancer and diabetes, improved physical function, and a higher quality of life. ③_______ For example, pregnant women who engage in routine physical activity are less likely to gain a large amount of weight or experience depression after giving birth, elderly people who exercise are at lower risk of being injured during a fall.
Stress can have both direct and indirect effects that undermine physical health and body. Finding ways to reduce stress is another strategy that can help you stay healthy, given the connection between stress and a variety of disorders. ④_______ Try meditation, mindfulness, yoga, playing on weekends, and taking vacations.
⑤_______ If something happens to your health, a physician you know—and who knows you—is in the best position to help. He or she knows how to deal with everything from helping you through a bout with the flu to back pain and digestion issues, to uncovering serious illnesses like cancer and heart disease.
A. There are many ways to relieve stress.
B. Exercising can also benefit certain groups.
C. Aim for 150 minutes of exercise every week.
D. Have consultations with famous and reliable doctors.
E. These dietary components can turn down inflammation.
F. Establish a good relationship with a primary care physician.
G. It requires work, smart lifestyle choices, and regular checkups.
四、
What is IQ-and how much does it matter ①_______ In short, it is supposed to measure how well someone can use information and logic to answer questions or make predictions. IQ tests begin to assess this by measuring short- and long-term memory. They also measure how well people can solve puzzles and recall information they've heard-and how quickly.
②_______ But some students struggle in school because of a weakness in one specific area of intelligence. These students often benefit from special education programs. There, they get extra help in the areas where they're struggling. IQ tests can help teachers figure out which students would benefit from such extra help.
IQ tests can also help identify students who would do well in fast-paced “gifted education programs. ③_______ And the US government uses IQ tests when choosing who to hire. These tests help predict which people would make good leaders, or be better at certain specific skills.
④_______Most non-experts think intelligence is the reason why successful people do so well.
Psychologists who study intelligence find this is only partly true. IQ tests can predict how well people will do in particular situations, such as thinking abstractly in science, nearing or art, or lending teams of people. But there's more to the story. Extraordinary achievement depends on many things. And those extra categories include ambition persistence, opportunity the ability to think clearly一even luck. ⑤_______
A. IQ plays a role in how successful we become.
B. IQ is a measure of a person's reasoning ability.
C. Every student can learn, no matter how intelligent
D. Intelligence helps, but so does interest and patience.
E. I's tempting for people to read a lot into someone's IQ score.
F. In a word, intelligence matters, but not as much as you might think.
G. Many colleges and universities also use exams similar to IQ tests to select students.
五、
It is recently reported that people's collective stress has reached alarming levels. ①______ It can have serious consequences. A study found that people experiencing long-lasting burnout have up to a 35 percent greater risk of early death. Don't panic. Here are some active steps you can take to prevent burnout:
Look for meaning at work
You can tolerate stress longer if you believe you're doing something purposeful and worthwhile. You are more likely to experience bumout-inducing stress when something seems out of control, against your will, or totally meaningless. ②______
Look for meaning outside of work
If you are struggling to make you work meaningful, giving priority to life outside of work might be especially beneficial. A research shows that people more likely to experience a greater sense of engagement when on the job are those with a hobby.
③______
Use separate email accounts for work and personal life, and set up boundaries between work and personal life, then you will be especially more comfortable if you work from home.
Don't neglect yourself
Physical activity is essential to shaking out stress hormones. ④______ But movement is the most natural evolutionary response to our body's stress, even light movement helps “complete” the stress cycle.
Recognize when it has become too much
Talk to your boss when you feel your job should be manageable, rewarding and under your control. It's common for bosses to increase tasks over time if you don't communicate our needs or limitations, which may be overlooked. ⑤______
A.Work at home when necessary
B.Try to separate work and home
C.And your hormone levels can be generally affected by emotional states
D.Many individuals are less active when they are under stress in order to rest
E.Feeling constantly occupied, worried, and overwhelmed can lead to burnout
F.If you don't expect things will improve, consider changing jobs or even careers
G.Identify ways in which even the smallest of daily tasks contributes to the lives of others
答案以及解析
一、
答案：ADFCE
解析：①上文“Working on ships is not an easy task and dissatisfaction and demotivation can easily be developed among seafarers as a result of various kinds of stresses.(在船上工作并非易事,由于各种压力,海员很容易产生不满和消极情绪。)”中的during such situation指的是上文船员的情况。根据下文“Therefore, captain should take additional steps...(因此,船长应该采取额外的步骤……)”可知,船员产生的这种状况,归根结底是由船长负责的。A选项“During such situation, it is up to captain.(在这种情况下,该由船长负责。)”引出下文,符合题意。故选A项。
②由上文“It is necessary that crew members talk to each other during such meetings.(在此类会议期间,全体船员有必要相互交谈。)”可知,全体船员都要相互交谈。由此推知,通过这种方式,他们就可以有机会提出自己的建议。D选项“Each member should be given a chance to provide suggestions.(每个成员都应该有机会提出建议。)”符合题意。故选D项。
③由上文“On-board training program is yet another important opportunity to get crew members together to instruct important working knowledge or conduct safety committee meetings.(船上培训计划是另一个重要的机会,让机组人员聚在一起指导重要的工作知识或举行安全委员会会议。)”可知,船上的船员应该参加船长安排的训练,F选项“Captain should arrange the training for maximum crew members to participate.(船长应安排训练以使最多的船员能够参加。)”切题。故选F项。
④本空在段首,是主旨句。根据下文“Party is a great method to bond people together and improve scarred relationships onboard ships.(聚会是将人们联系在一起并改善船上伤痕累累的关系的好方法。)”可知,本段以聚会和节日庆祝为例说明在船上偶尔聚会和放松一下也可以确保所有的团队成员能和睦相处,C选项“Everyone likes to party and unwind once in a while.(每个人都喜欢偶尔聚会和放松一下。”切题。故选C项。
⑤由上文“The above-mentioned methods are some of the main ones that are used onboard to strengthen relationships on board ships.(上述方法是船上用于加强船上关系的一些主要方法。)”和下文“And it would also improve productivity and employment satisfaction.(它还将提高生产力和就业满意度。)”可知,E选项“Doing this would ensure smooth and safe operations of the ship.(这样做可以确保船舶的平稳和安全运行。)”承接上文,点明这些方法益处的一方面。同时与下文构成并列关系,引出这些方法益处的另一方面。故选E项。
二、
答案：GCAED
解析：①根据小标题内容以及空格后面的内容可知，本段内容介绍的是激励自己和其他人。如果你自己都不能使自己得到激励，那么更不可能激励其他人。故选G。
②根据空格之前的内容可得知，当团队成员表现非常好，对他们的表现做出奖励。这会提高整体工作的满意度。故选C。
③根据后面内容可得知，整个段落在讨论对团队的信任。故选A。
④根据小标题可得知，整个段落在讨论要对团队保持信息的公开透明。E选项的意思是好的团队领导会愿意分享信息，符合段落主旨大意，且和后面衔接顺畅。故选E。
⑤根据空格前后可知，要在公司中找一个导师来培养自己的领导力。努力观察他在各种情况中的表现。然后把所看到的应用到自己的工作中。故选D。
三、
答案：①-⑤GEBAF
解析：①由上文"But maintaining good health doesn't happen by accident. (但保持健康并非偶然)"和下文第二段"The Mediterranean diet meets all of the criteria for good health, and there is convincing evidence that it is effective at warding off heart attack, stroke, and premature death.(地中海饮食符合健康的所有标准,有令人信服的证据表明,地中海饮食能有效预防心脏病发作、中风和过早死亡)",第三段"Physical activity is also necessary for good heath. (身体活动对健康也是必要的)",第四段"Finding ways to reduce stress is another strategy that can help you stay healthy, given the connection between stress and a variety of disorders.(考虑到压力和各种疾病之间的联系,寻找减轻压力的方法是另-种可以帮助你保持健康的策略)"和最后一段"If something happens to your health, a physician you know and who knows you is in the best position to help.(如果你的健康出现问题,请你认识的医生为您提供最佳帮助)"可知,保持健康不是随意为之,需要在生活方式(饮食和减轻压力)、锻炼和看医生方面下功夫,G选项"它需要锻炼、明智的生活方式选择和定期检查。"切题, 引出下文讲保持健康的具体方法。故选G项。
②E选项"这些饮食成分可以减少炎症。"承接上文"Studies have found that inflammation (炎症) can damage tissue, joints, artery walls, and organs. A healthy diet is rich in fiber, whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, good or unsaturated fats, and omega-3 fatty acids.(研究发现,炎症会损伤组织、关节、动脉壁和器官。健康的饮食富含纤维、全谷物、新鲜水果和蔬菜、优质或不饱和脂肪以及欧米伽-3脂肪酸)"讲健康饮食成分带来的好处一减少炎症。故选E项。
③由上文"Physical activity is also necessary for good health. There are many benefits to exercising regularly. These include a lower risk of diseases like cancer and diabetes, improved physical function, and a higher quality of life. (身体活动对健康也是必要的。经常锻炼有很多好处。这包括降低患癌症和糖尿病等疾病的风险,改善身体机能,提高生活质量)"可知锻炼有好处, B选项"锻炼对某些群体也有好处。"承接上文,也提出观点,引出下文"For example, pregnant women who engage in routine physical activity are less likely to gain a large amount of weight or experience depression after giving birth, elderly people who exercise are at lower risk of being injured during a fall(例如,从事日常体育活动的孕妇在分娩后体重增加或抑郁的可能性较小,而锻炼身体的老年人在跌倒时受伤的风险较低)"具体举例说明锻炼对哪些群体有好处。故选B项。
④由上文"Finding ways to reduce stress is another strategy that can help you stay healthy, given the connection between stress and a variety of disorders.(考虑到压力和各种疾病之间的联系,寻找减轻压力的方法是另-种可以帮助你保持健康的策略)"和下文"Try meditation, mindfulness, yoga, playing on weekends, and taking vacations. (尝试冥想正念、瑜伽、周末玩耍和度假) "可知,承接上下文, A选项"有很多方法可以缓解压力。"切题,讲减压的方法。故选A项。
⑤由下文"If something happens to your health, a physician you know and who knows you is in the best position to help. He or she knows how to deal with everything from helping you through a bout with the flu to back pain and digestion issues, to uncovering serious illnesses like cancer and heart disease.(如果你的健康出现问题,请你认识的医生为您提供最佳帮助。他或她知道如何处理一切,从帮助你度过流感背痛和消化问题,到发现癌症和心脏病等严重疾病)"可知,下文所讲的医生应该是初级保健医生,可得出作者建议读者有问题就联系初级保健医生,承接下文, F选项"与初级保健医生建立良好的关系。"可总起该段。故选F项。
四、
答案：①-⑤BCGEF
解析：本文是说明文。智商对成功有一定的作用，但并没有你想象的那么重要。
①B根据问题“What 1S IQ”可知,B项“智商是衡量一个人推理能力的标准”符合语境。
②C下文“但有些学生在学校里表现不佳,是因为他们在某个特定的智力领域存在缺陷”与C项构成转折关系。
③G上文“IQ tests can also help identify students”说明IQ检测有这个功能，所以大学才使用类似的 检测来选拔学生，G项符合语境。
④E下文中的“Most non-experts”与E项中的“people”一样指的是普通大众。
⑤F F项“总之，智力很重要，但并没有你想象的那么重要”总结文章的中心论点，符合语境。
五、
答案：①-⑤EGBDF
解析：①上文“It is recently reported that people’s collective stress has reached alarming levels.(最新的报道显示人们的共同压力已经到达了警戒水平。)”说明人们受到的压力太多，E项“不断感到忙碌、担忧和不知所措可能会导致倦怠”中的“feeling constantly occupied, worried, and overwhelmed”指代的是上文提到的压力，是对压力内容的具体解释。故选E。
②上文“Look for meaning at work(在工作中寻找意义)”和“You can tolerate stress longer if you believe you’re doing something purposeful and worthwhile. (如果你相信自己在做有目的和有价值的事情，你可以忍受压力更长。)”说明你要寻找有价值和有意义的事来做，G项“确定哪怕是最小的日常任务对他人生活的贡献”中的“contributes to the lives of others”就是对有价值的事情做了进一步的解释说明。故选G。
③下文“Use separate email accounts for work and personal life, and set up boundaries between work and personal life, then you will be especially more comfortable if you work from home. (在工作和个人生活中使用单独的电子邮件帐户，并在工作和私人生活之间设置界限，这样，如果你在家工作，你会特别舒适。)”说明工作和个人生活需要分开处理，B项“尽量将工作和家庭分开”是对这一段的概括总结，符合题意。故选B。
④下文But movement is the most natural evolutionary response to our body’s stress, even light movement helps “complete” the stress cycle. (但是运动是我们对身体压力最自然的进化反应，即使是轻微的运动也有助于“完成”压力循环。)说明人是需要运动的，通过but可知，空处与下文形成转折关系，D项“许多人在压力下为了休息而不太活跃”中的“许多人不太活跃”符合题意。故选D项。
⑤上文“It’s common for bosses to increase tasks over time if you don’t communicate our needs or limitations, which may be overlooked. (很常见的是如果你不沟通我们的需求或限制，老板就会随着时间的推移增加任务，而这也可能被忽视。)”说明老板经常会忽视员工压力，F项中的“things”指代上文工作量不断增长的情况，F项“如果你预期事情不会好转，考虑换工作甚至职业”和上文构成假设关系，提出了应对老板忽视工作压力的另一个解决办法就是转换工作和职业。故选F项。
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