高中试卷答案网2023年高考英语考前模拟考场练手卷
（北京卷）
（解析版）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Paul O’Sullivans
Paul O’Sullivan felt bored around his Baltimore apartment one evening. So, like a lot of people with nothing better to do, he logged on to Facebook to find out just how many others on the social network ___1___ his name. Moments later, dozens of name twins from around the world ___2___ his screen. The 27-year-old human resources employee decided to send friend requests to them all.
Many of his fellow Paul O’Sullivans ignored him, but a few felt too curious to ___3___ his invitation. As Baltimore Paul scrolled through the other Paul O’Sullivans’ profiles, he noticed something ___4___ in four of them: They were all musicians. Four men with the same name who all love making music Baltimore Paul had an idea. Wouldn’t it be ___5___, he asked the other musical Pauls, if they formed a band called The Paul O’Sullivans Yes, it would be, they all agreed. And so they did.
Starting a band ___6___ multiple time zones proved to be tricky. To fix the problem, they created a sort of musical assembly line. Baltimore Paul and Rotterdam Paul wrote and recorded a basic track, then e-mailed it to Manchester Paul.
The Paul O’Sullivan Band released its first original song, “Namesake,” in March 2016. It’s a cheerful track about long-distance relationships—not romantic ones, but ___7___ like those that they had begun to develop. They shared family pictures, chatted live on Instagram, and checked in on one another.
“The other Pauls are gentle, dear, caring people,” says Pennsylvania Paul. “They are a(n) ___8___ of joy.” What are the odds that a(n) ___9___ Facebook request would lead not only to new music but to lasting friendships as well Some things are just ____10____ to be.
1．A．mentioned B．knew C．shared D．stole
2．A．took B．broke C．changed D．filled
3．A．accept B．refuse C．send D．read
4．A．common B．positive C．abnormal D．awkward
5．A．ridiculous B．necessary C．strange D．funny
6．A．over B．above C．across D．among
7．A．friendships B．personalities C．hobbies D．skills
8．A．resource B．effect C．fountain D．example
9．A．impolite B．random C．serious D．official
10．A．planned B．required C．told D．meant
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了保罗在社交网络搜索到了许多与自己同名的人，与其中四位音乐家组成了乐队，大家创作了新的乐曲并产生了持久的友谊。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，就像很多没有更好的事情可做的人一样，他登录了Facebook，以弄清楚社交网络上有多少人与他同名。A. mentioned提到；B. knew知道；C. shared共享；D. stole偷。根据下文“Moments later, dozens of name twins from around the world 2 his screen.(片刻之后，来自世界各地的几十个名字双胞胎充满了他的屏幕。)”可知，保罗登录社交网站是为了弄清楚有多少人与他同名。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：片刻之后，来自世界各地的几十个名字双胞胎充满了他的屏幕。A. took拿；B. broke弄坏；C. changed改变；D. filled充满。根据句中“dozens of name twins”，说明社交网络上，和他同名的人很多，故满屏幕都是这些人的信息，filled符合语境。故选D项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多与他同名的保罗·奥沙利文不理睬他，但也有一些人感到太好奇而没有拒绝他的邀请。A. accept接受；B. refuse拒绝；C. send发送；D. read读取。too...to...，意为“太……以致不能……”。根据语境以及常识，此处表示其中一些人收到好友请求后太好奇了，没有拒绝保罗的好友请求。故选B项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当巴尔的摩的市的保罗浏览其他保罗·奥沙利文的资料时，他注意到其中四个人有一个共同点：他们都是音乐家。A. common共同的；B. positive乐观的；C. abnormal反常的；D. awkward令人尴尬的。根据冒号后面的解释“They were all musicians.”以及下文“Four men with the same name who all love making music (四个同名的男人都喜欢做音乐？)”可知，这四个人除了名字相同，还有共同之处：职业也相同，common符合语境。故选A项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他问其他的热爱音乐的保罗，如果他们组建一个叫“保罗·奥沙利文”的乐队，是不是很有趣？A. ridiculous可笑的；B. necessary必要的；C. strange奇怪的；D. funny有趣的，古怪的。根据语境可知，五个同名人组成一个以自己名字命名的乐队，让人觉得很有趣。funny符合语境。故选D项。
6．考查介词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，跨多个时区组建乐队是一件棘手的事情。A. over在……上面；B. above高于；C. across穿过，跨越；D. among在……当中。根据句中的multiple time zones，以及下一句“Baltimore Paul and Rotterdam Paul wrote and recorded a basic track, then e-mailed it to Manchester Paul.(巴尔的摩市的保罗和鹿特丹市的保罗写并录制了一首基本的曲目，然后用电子邮件发给了曼彻斯特市的保罗。)”可知，他们五人不在同一个城市，也不在同一个时区，across time zones，意为“跨时区”。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一首关于远距离关系的欢快歌曲——不是浪漫的恋情，而是像他们五个已经开始发展的友谊关系。A. friendships友谊；B.personalities个性；C. personalities个性；D. skills技能。根据最后一段“‘They are a(n) 8 of joy.’ What are the odds that a(n) 9 Facebook request would lead not only to new music but to lasting friendships as well (‘他们是快乐的资源。’一个随机的Facebook请求不仅能带来新的音乐，还能带来持久友谊的几率有多大？)”可知，五人建立乐队，也建立起了他们的友谊关系。故选A项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是快乐的资源。A. resource资源；B. effect影响；C. fountain喷泉；D. example榜样。根据上文“The other Pauls are gentle, dear, caring people,(其他保罗都是温柔，亲爱的，有爱心的人)”，“What are the odds that a(n) 9 Facebook request would lead not only to new music but to lasting friendships as well Some things are just 10 to be. (一个随机的Facebook请求不仅能带来新的音乐，还能带来持久友谊的几率有多大？)”可知，他们远距离合作，收获了音乐和游戏，这些都是快乐的资源。故选A项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个随机的Facebook请求不仅能带来新的音乐，还能带来持久友谊的几率有多大？A. impolite不礼貌的；B. random随机的；C. serious严肃的；D. official正式的。根据第一段“So, like a lot of people with nothing better to do, he logged on to Facebook to find out just how many others on the social network 1 his name.(所以，就像很多没有更好的事情可做的人一样，他登录了Facebook，以弄清楚社交网络上有多少人与他同名。”以及第一段最后一句“The 27-year-old human resources employee decided to send friend requests to them all. (这位27岁的人力资源员工决定向他们所有人发送好友请求。)”可知，他上网查找同命人，是在无所事事的时候的一顿操作，属于随机的行为。故选B项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些事情是命中注定的。A. planned计划；B. required需要；C. told告诉；D. meant打算。结合语境，可推知，此处指有些事情是命中注定的，be meant to do，意为“注定是”。meant符合语境。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhang Guimei has committed her life to improving girls’ education in a remote, mountainous region in Yunnan Province by ____11____ (start) China’s first free high school for female students. Her story has moved millions of Chinese people and is now written into a newly ____12____ (publish) book—Brief History of the People’s Republic of China. It described her ____13____ a moral model who uses love and wisdom to help thousands of rural ____14____ (girl) realize their dreams.
【答案】11．starting 12．published 13．as 14．girls
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了张桂梅女士被写入中华人民共和国简史。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：张桂梅一直致力于改善云南偏远山区的女童教育，创办了中国第一所免费女子高中。分析句子结构可知，空前有介词by，而介词后应该接名词，所以空处应该用动名词做宾语。故填starting。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的故事感动了数百万中国人，现在被写进了一本新出版的书《中华人民共和国简史》。分析句子结构可知，此句谓语动词是has moved，故空处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词book，且publish(出版)和book之间是被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作定语。故填published。
13．考查介词。句意：它将她描述为一个道德楷模，用爱和智慧帮助成千上万的农村女孩实现梦想。此处是固定搭配describe...as...意为“说成是......，描述为......”。故填as。
14．考查名词复数。句意：它将她描述为一个道德楷模，用爱和智慧帮助成千上万的农村女孩实现梦想。分析句子可知空前rural是形容词，后应接名词，girl是可数名词，再根据前面thousands of可知，应用复数形式。故填girls。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In Beijing, hutongs are alleys(小巷) formed by lines of traditional siheyuan. Many neighborhoods were formed by joining one siheyuan to another to form a hutong and then joining one hutong to another. In the dynasty ____15____ (time), the large siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often featured ____16____(beautiful) carved and painted roof beams and pillars and carefully landscaped gardens. The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. In contrast to the court life and elite culture ____17____(represent) by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers. The hutongs are residential neighborhoods which still form the heart of Old Beijing.
【答案】15．times 16．beautifully 17．represented
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京胡同的形成及其特点。
15．考查名词。句意：在王朝时代，高级官员和富商的大型四合院经常以雕刻和绘画精美的梁柱和精心美化的园林为特色。根据空格前面的名词dynasty和句意可知，此处表达的是在王朝时代，而time一词用来表示时代、年代时要用复数。故填times。
16．考查副词。句意：在王朝时代，高级官员和富商的大型四合院经常以雕刻和绘画精美的梁柱和精心美化的园林为特色。根据空格后面的过去分词carved和所给的形容词beautiful可知，空格处应填入beautiful的副词形式来修饰后面的过去分词。故填beautifully。
17．考查过去分词。句意：与以故宫、颐和园、天坛为代表的宫廷生活和精英文化相比，胡同体现的是草根北京人的文化。分析句子可知，空格后的部分应该是作定语修饰前面的名词短语 the court life and elite culture, 再根据所给的词represent是及物动词和后面的by可知，represent一词和它所修饰的名词短语是被动关系，所以要用过去分词作定语。故填represented。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A book ____18____ (name) Who Moved My Cheese has been a best seller (畅销书) all over the world. It ____19____ (teach) people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing a change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don’t be afraid. Instead, use this change ____20____ (make) a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school.
【答案】18．named 19．teaches 20．to make
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了畅销书《谁动了我的奶酪》，这本书教会人们如何面对生活中的变化。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：一本名为《谁动了我的奶酪》的书在全世界都很畅销。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词book与name之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
19．考查时态。句意：它教会人们如何面对生活中的变化。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语为It，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填teaches。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，用这种改变来创造更好的生活。use sth. to do用……做……，空处需填动词不定式。故填to make。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Kids Flying Alone Guide
Helpful tips for children traveling alone
Airline Age Fee per child (each way). Notes
Air TranAirways 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 48 for a non-stop flight Unaccompanied children.
American 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 110 Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online.
BritishAirways 7 to 15 years old — can travel alone on connecting flights $ 60 for flights within UK Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online.
FrontierAirlines 6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights $ 60 for non-stop or direct flights$120 for connecting flights Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online.
Before the flight:Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes. Make sure your child doesn’t wear any clothing that has his or her name on it, which would make it easier for a stranger to convince a child he can be trusted.
At the airport:
Make sure the flight attendants know that your child is traveling alone. Make sure that he or she will be seated in an area of the aircraft that’s convenient for attendants to keep an eye on — the very front of very back of the aircraft is ideal.
Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service.
What to pack:
Cell phone: If your child doesn’t have a cell phone, buy him or her a pay-as-you-go phone at a cell phone retailer (零售店) so he or she has an easy form of communication for emergencies.
Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards worth $ 25 or $ 50, This will reduce the worry of traveling with a large amount of cash.
Family/ friends contact information: Give your child a complete list of names, numbers and addresses of the people who are picking your child up at the airport.
21．How much should you pay if your child aged eleven travels alone on a connecting flight by Frontier Airlines
A．$ 50. B．$ 75.
C．$ 120. D．$ 160.
22．What can we learn from the passage
A．Juice or water can’t be brought onto the aircraft.
B．Unaccompanied children can’t fly on the last flight of the day.
C．Pay-as-you-go phones are provided for free at the airport for children without cell phones.
D．Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department for free.
23．Which of the following is recommended for unaccompanied children
A．Booking them morning flights.
B．Giving them a large amount of cash.
C．Making them sit in the middle of the aircraft.
D．Dressing them in clothing with their names on it.
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．A
【分析】本文是应用文。文章是关于孩子独自乘坐航班的指南。
21．细节理解题。根据表格中最后一栏“6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights.” “$120 for connecting flights”可知，如果乘坐Frontier航空公司的航班，11岁的孩子独自乘坐转接航班，应该付120美元。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据At the airport部分中“Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. ”可知，父母可以向美国国务院免费登记孩子的旅行计划，以供在紧急情况下提供帮助。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据Before the flight部分中“Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes.”可知，建议父母给孩子预订早上的航班。这样如果航班延误或取消，还会有时间来安排其他的航班。故选A项。
B
One morning in 2003, a 19-year-old Amy Purdy left for her job as a nursery teacher, feeling healthy and ready for her day. Halfway through her morning, she started to feel achy and unwell. Once home, she had a fever and fell into a deep sleep that was impossible for her to shake.
After a short, tense ride to the nearest hospital, Purdy was given less than a two percent chance of surviving. Over the course of the 2.5?month treatment that followed, she lost kidney (肾) function and hearing in her left ear—then her spleen and, eventually, both of her legs. What doctors thought was the flu ended up being a very deadly meningitis (脑膜炎) infection. Purdy’s life was changed forever.
It was when she was in bed for months that she started to think about that big life question: what was her story going to be She began dreaming about snowboarding and visualized herself carving down a mountain of powder, feeling the wind on her face.
This made her return to the sport as a double-amputee (截肢者). Being back on the board was rough at first—several times, her board and her prosthetic (假体的) legs flew down the mountain without her. But Purdy had a strong will and set out to build her own prosthetics that would be purpose built for snowboarding. Purdy’s first home made snowboarding feet is on display in the Smithsonian now.
In 2005, after her 21st birthday—and the gift of a new kidney from her father—Purdy decided to start Adaptive Action Sports. Purdy and her family organized a team of snowboarders and began pushing for their sport to be part of the 2014 Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russia. After being turned down several times, they were finally granted access to the Paralympic Games, appearing as para?snowboarding for the first time in history. Since then, her snowboarding team has brought home six medals and raised the visibility of the sport.
Since her illness took her legs 18 years ago, Purdy has managed to squeeze as much achievement and joy out of her life as possible. “Maybe instead of looking at all our challenges and barriers as something negative or bad,” she proposes, “maybe we can look at them as little gifts that fire our imaginations.”
24．Amy Purdy eventually lost her legs because of________ .
A．a sudden accident
B．the serious infection
C．the sports training
D．the kidney failure
25．According to the passage, we can learn that________ .
A．Purdy’s father donated a kidney to her
B．Purdy’s former job was a snowboard athlete
C．Purdy made her snowboarding feet with her friends’ help
D．Purdy’s team snowboarding succeeded when they applied for the first time
26．Which of the following words can best describe Amy Purdy
A．Smart and mature.
B．Selfless and patient.
C．Determined and optimistic.
D．Creative and modest.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Amy Purdy由于感染，失去肾脏，听力及双腿。但是Purdy依旧坚强乐观地创办自己的公司，实现自己的价值。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“After a short, tense ride to the nearest hospital, Purdy was given less than a two percent chance of surviving. Over the course of the 2.5?month treatment that followed, she lost kidney (肾) function and hearing in her left ear—then her spleen and, eventually, both of her legs. What doctors thought was the flu ended up being a very deadly meningitis (脑膜炎) infection. Purdy’s life was changed forever. (在短暂而紧张地前往最近的医院后，Purdy只有不到百分之二的生存机会。在随后的两个半月的治疗过程中，她失去了肾脏功能和左耳的听力，然后是脾脏，最终是双腿。医生认为流感最终成为一种非常致命的脑膜炎感染。Purdy的生活永远改变了。)”可知，严重的感染，导致Purdy最终失去了双腿，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第五段“In 2005, after her 21st birthday—and the gift of a new kidney from her father—Purdy decided to start Adaptive Action Sports. (2005年，在她21岁生日之后，她的父亲赠送了新肾脏，Purdy决定创办Adaptive Action Sports。)”可知，Purdy的父亲把肾捐给她，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“But Purdy had a strong will and set out to build her own prosthetics that would be purpose built for snowboarding. Purdy’s first home made snowboarding feet is on display in the Smithsonian now. (但Purdy有坚强的意志，并着手建造自己的假肢，这些假肢是专门为单板滑雪而建造的。Purdy的第一款自制单板滑雪鞋现在在Smithsonian博物馆展出。)”及最后一段“Since her illness took her legs 18 years ago, Purdy has managed to squeeze as much achievement and joy out of her life as possible. (自从18年前她的病夺走了她的腿以来，Purdy已经设法从她的生活中寄出了尽可能多的成就和快乐。)”可知，失去双腿后的Purdy没有被不幸打败，而是坚强乐观地创办自己的公司，实现自己的价值。所以Purdy是一个积极，坚强，乐观，坚定的人，故选C。
C
broccoli
When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes (酶) in saliva (唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children.
These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.
The same enzymes are also locked away in the cells of Brassica vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower. When we chew broccoli, these enzymes spill out of their storage containers while those in our mouth start to work.
These enzymes break down a compound (化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules (分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.
According to these past studies, when different adults consume broccoli, there can be a huge difference in how many unpleasant smells the food lets off as their saliva-borne enzymes break it to bits. But the authors wondered whether the same difference can be seen in kids, who are usually more sensitive to bitter and sour tastes. They suspected that kids whose saliva produced the most smelly, SMCSO-sourced compounds would show the strongest dislike for broccoli.
And the team’s new study proved their assumption. While both adults’ and kids’ saliva produced smelly compounds when exposed to cauliflower, these smells did not influence whether adults liked the vegetable. On the other hand, kids whose saliva produced high concentrations of these smells reported hating cauliflower the most.
The new study included 98 pairs of parents and children aged 6 to 8. After taking samples of each participant’s saliva, the scientists mixed it into raw cauliflower powder. They measured the SMCSO-sourced smell compounds let off and found each participant’s saliva generated a different quantity of smells.
Interestingly, the degree of sickly smell production was similar between parents’ saliva and their children’s. This indicates that parents and kids likely carry similar bacteria in their mouths, which would cause them to produce similar levels of cysteine lyases.
Our senses of taste and smell are strongest in youth, which may make kids even more sensitive to these differences in flavor. The same preference pattern is not seen in adults, who also produce plenty of bad smells. This suggests that the adults came to tolerate the taste of Brassica vegetables. The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more.
27．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．The function of mouth bacteria.
B．The cause of an unpleasant flavor.
C．The feature of Brassica vegetables.
D．The form of enzymes in our mouth.
28．What do previous studies indicate
A．SMCSO-breakdown depends on various enzymes.
B．Enzymes determine the taste of Brassica vegetables.
C．Individuals release varying amounts of smell molecules.
D．Kids producing the most smells hate broccoli particularly.
29．What can we conclude from the passage
A．We might accept some foods through repeated exposure.
B．The level of smells may affect an adult’s taste preference.
C．Parents’ and their kids’ saliva-borne enzymes don’t match.
D．Kids’ saliva could produce higher concentrations of smells.
30．Why does the author write the passage
A．To explain a food preference.
B．To introduce a research method.
C．To illustrate a biological process.
D．To show the discovery of an enzyme.
【答案】27．B 28．B 29．A 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们之所以在吃到西兰花的时候觉得难吃是因为口腔唾液中的一种特定的酶。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一、第二段“When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes(酶) in saliva(唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children. These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.(当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。这些酶被称为半胱氨酸裂解酶，是由口腔中的细菌产生的。)”可知，这两段主要解释了为什么吃西兰花的时候会觉得难吃，也就是解释了难闻的味道的起因。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段“These enzymes break down a compound(化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules(分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.(这些酶在这些蔬菜中分解一种叫做SMCSO的化合物，这个分解过程将这种化合物转化为有强烈气味的分子。先前对成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂解酶的活性水平决定了SMCSO的分解程度。这反过来又影响了这些蔬菜对成年人而言尝起来的味道。)”可知，这些酶决定了西兰花的味道。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more(这些发现与过去关于我们的口味如何随时间变化的研究一致：我们可以通过多吃来克服对某种食物的厌恶。)”可知，通过不断地接触，我们可以接受某种不太喜欢的事物。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段“When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes(酶) in saliva(唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children. (当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。)”可推断，作者写这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现。故选D。
D
The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the separation from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.
Despite top speeds and cornering ability advertised, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams. These apps know where almost all the users are, and how fast they are moving almost all the time, they can spot traffic congestion (堵塞) very quickly and suggest ways round it.
The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget. Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them. When a lucky few have access to the knowledge, they will benefit greatly. But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.
This new congestion teaches us two things. The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope. They will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences. Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised. The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go. The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before, but one in which almost everyone does rather worse. Central control and collective organization can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.
Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. One autonomously operated car by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona. Experts have said that it suggests a “catastrophic failure” of technology.
Increasingly, even the top tech-company has to acknowledge the costs of intoxicating (令人陶醉的) hurry that characterizes its culture. What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us, and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
31．What can we infer about the car advertisements
A．They present a false picture of the cars.
B．They emphasize the mass production of cars.
C．They portray drivers enjoying speed on the road.
D．They pursue individuality and freedom in design.
32．What can we know about the various gadgets on cars
A．They are constantly upgraded.
B．All of them are used effectively.
C．Only some can be used frequently.
D．They can help to relieve traffic jams.
33．What does the author say about the use of the navigation app
A．It benefits those who are learning to drive.
B．It is likely to create traffic jams in other places.
C．It helps a great deal in easing traffic congestion.
D．It sharply reduces the occurrence of traffic accidents.
34．What do we learn about technology from the passage
A．It seldom delivers all the benefits as promised.
B．Its consequences are usually difficult to assess.
C．Its benefits are guaranteed by collective wisdom.
D．It depends on the required knowledge for application.
【答案】31．D 32．C 33．B 34．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在汽车领域，一些新技术给我们带来的变化并不一定都是好的，为了美好的未来，需要对此进行必要的监管。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“There is something almost delightful in the separation from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom（广告将大量生产的汽车标榜为个性和自由的象征）”可知，广告将汽车标榜为自由和个性是为了吸引消费者。因此这些消费者是为了追求个性和自由。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite top speeds and cornering ability advertised, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams.（尽管广告中宣传了汽车的最高速度和转弯能力，但现代汽车上最有用的设备还是那些在你行驶非常缓慢时还能工作的设备:停车传感器、音响系统和导航应用程序，它们会在快要发生交通堵塞时为你指路。）”可知，并非汽车所有的技术设备都在时时在发挥作用，仅有部分技术设备是一直被使用的：即停车传感器、音响系统和导航应用程序。因此只有这些设备会被频繁使用。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.（但是，当每个人都有完美的信息时，交通堵塞就会扩散到似乎能绕过这些信息的辅路上。）”可知，如果每个人在同一条路上使用同样的导航功能，那么此处可以避免拥堵，但其他不使用导航的路线就会因为没有足够的信息而可能造成拥堵。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us,（交通告诉我们的是，不计后果和不加控制的变化既可能给我们带来好处，也可能给我们带来坏处）”可知，新的技术变化不一定带来的都是期望中的好处，还有可能是坏处。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Motivation is the desire to act in service of a goal. It’s the crucial element in setting and attaining our objectives. Some of the most common goals people make—and the most common goals they struggle to meet—are to eat healthier, work out more, and save more money. Many traps can prevent people from achieving those goals, but predicting those challenges can help achieve real change.
Many people struggle to stick to a diet. Research suggests that extrinsic (外在的) motivators—to avoid hurtful comments or fit into an outfit—can jumpstart the process but that intrinsic motivation—interest, enjoyment, and challenge in the journey—is key to sustained, lasting weight loss.____35____So it’s helpful to choose a diet that will be sustainable and effective and believe that the diet, start date, and end goals have been chosen autonomously and not “assigned” by others.
There are a few creative ideas to consider if motivation is a barrier to exercise. One is to widen the options you have: If you don’t have time to go to the gym, exercise by going for a walk, doing a bodyweight circuit, or watching a yoga video.____36____Yet you can also establish a social contract with a friend or family member. For example, if you allow phone time to replace exercise, you must donate to a cause of the other person’s choosing.
____37____The first is to set a specific saving goal for an emergency fund. This focused goal will build habits that become sustainable saving. The second is to save something every day, even if it’s just a few dollars, because repeat helps to form habits. Third, making savings visible, whether by checking a savings account online or keeping cash in a glass jar.____38____ In addition to cultivating a saving attitude, it’s important to change a spending mindset.
Most people, unfortunately, fail to follow through on their New Year’s resolutions. This might be because people tend to set overwhelming goals, engage in all-or-nothing thinking, don’t predict barriers, and beat themselves up when they get off track. By addressing those traps, people are more likely to truly achieve their goals.
Motivation is one of the driving forces behind human behavior. It fuels competition and sparks social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. ____39____ It’s the key factors in setting and achieving our goals.
A．It is helpful to find a community of supporters.
B．People can break large goals into smaller pieces.
C．Eventually, consistently spend less than you make.
D．The following steps can help cultivate the habit of saving money.
E．Intrinsic motivation includes competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
F．Motivation includes the desire toward meaning, purpose, and a life worth living.
G．Another is to make exercise more enjoyable, such as by listening to a book on tape.
【答案】35．E 36．G 37．D 38．C 39．F
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过减肥和省钱两个例子，讲解了动力的分类和为自己创造动力的方法。说明动力是行为背后的主要驱动力之一。
35．上文“Research suggests that extrinsic motivators—to avoid hurtful comments or fit into an outfit—can jumpstart the process but that intrinsic motivation—interest, enjoyment, and challenge in the journey—is key to sustained, lasting weight loss. (研究表明，外在的动机——避免伤害性的评价或为了穿某件衣服——可以启动这个过程，但内在的动机——兴趣，享受和过程中的挑战——是持续，持久减肥的关键。)”空处承上启下，下文“So it’s helpful to choose a diet that will be sustainable and effective and believe that the diet, start date, and end goals have been chosen autonomously and not “assigned” by others. (因此，选择一种能够持续有效的饮食方式是很有帮助的，并且相信节食，开始的日期和最终目标是自主选择的，而不是由他人“指派”。)” 空前讲了外在动机和内在动机的区别。空后讲人们要选择一种持续有效的方式减肥。所以空处承上启下，说明内在动力的含义和内容。故E选项“内在动机包括能力、自主性和关联性”符合语境。故选E项。
36．上文“One is to widen the options you have: If you don’t have time to go to the gym, exercise by going for a walk, doing a bodyweight circuit, or watching a yoga video. (一个是扩大你的选择：如果你没有时间去健身房，可以通过散步，做自重运动，或看瑜伽视频来锻炼。)”因为句中有“one”,讲了第一种让自己有动力运动的方式。所以接下来应该讲另外一种方式。故G选项“另一种方法是让锻炼变得更有趣，比如听磁带看书。”符合语境。故选G项。
37．下文“The first is to set a specific saving goal for an emergency fund. The second is to save something every day, even if it’s just a few dollars. (首先是为应急基金设定一个具体的储蓄目标。第二是每天都要节省一些东西，哪怕只是几块钱。)”说明了前两个步骤，因此空中应填总结性的句子。故D选项“下面的步骤可以帮助培养存钱的习惯”符合语境。故选D项。
38．上文“Third, making savings visible, whether by checking a savings account online or keeping cash in a glass jar. (第三，让储蓄看得见，无论是通过在线检查储蓄账户，还是将现金放在玻璃罐中。)”空处承上启下，下文“In addition to cultivating a saving attitude, it’s important to change a spending mindset. (除了培养储蓄态度外，改变消费心态也很重要。)”空前讲了三种省钱的方式，空处应该讲第四种方法。故C选项“最后，坚持花得比挣得少”符合语境。故选C项。
39．上文“Motivation is one of the driving forces behind human behavior. It fuels competition and sparks social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. (动机是人类行为背后的驱动力之一。它助长了竞争，激发了社会联系。它的缺失会导致精神疾病，如抑郁症。)”下文“It’s the key factors in setting and achieving our goals. (这是制定和实现我们目标的关键因素。)”因为上下文都在讨论“motivation(动力)”，所以空处也和动力有关。动机包括对意义，对目标和有价值的生活的渴望。这是我们定制实现目标的关键。故F选项“动机包括对意义、目的和生活价值的渴望”。故选F项。
第三部分 写作（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person, from busy schedules to long distances to a rather unexpected pandemic (流行病). Fortunately, thanks to modem technology, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you’re someone who prefers typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting.
A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge connectedness. In one, they asked 20 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned it on people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication -whether video or audio only-made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via texting.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person”.
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore able to gauge the meaning behind the content without thinking about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.”
40．What did the new study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology find
41．In the first experiment mentioned in the passage, how do people feel actually when they connected with an old friend by phone
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
43．If you are going to reconnect old friends, will you text them or call them directly Why
【答案】
40．When it comes to stronger social bonds, verbal communication is more useful than typing messages or sending emails.
41．When people connected with an old friend by phone they did not actually feel that awkward.
42． According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because there is no need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.
43．If I am going to reconnect my old friends, I will choose to call them directly. The reason is that a phone call is more convenient. Because it is easy to determine the true meaning behind a conversation without a need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明，和发短信、发邮件等相比，打电话、视频等才是联络感情的更好的方式。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.(发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现，包括电话或视频聊天在内的语音交流互动，比文本信息或电子邮件等打字交流更能建立起更强的社会联系)”可知，研究发现，包含语音的交流互动比打字交流更能建立较强的社会联系。故答案为：When it comes to stronger social bonds, verbal communication is more useful than typing messages or sending emails.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better.(虽然人们预计打电话会更尴尬，但听到别人的声音实际上会让体验更好)”可知，当人们打电话和老朋友联系时，他们实际上感觉不是那么尴尬。故答案为：When people connected with an old friend by phone they did not actually feel that awkward.
42．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore able to gauge the meaning behind the content without thinking about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.”(罗曼诺夫说，在现实中，发短信会让人很难确定对话背后的真正含义。她解释说：“考虑到信息的净效应，打电话实际上更方便”。 “每一方都更在场，因此能够衡量内容背后的含义，而不必考虑单词和标点符号背后无尽的可能含义。”)”可知，打电话更方便的原因是不需要考虑单词和标点符号背后的可能含义。所以原句中的“because of its instant access”是错的。故答案为： According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because there is no need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.
43．开放性题。考生言之有理则可，注意词数限制。参考答案为：If I am going to reconnect my old friends, I will choose to call them directly. The reason is that a phone call is more convenient. Because it is easy to determine the true meaning behind a conversation without a need to think about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.
第二节 开放性作文（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim 对你的北京冬奥志愿者经历非常感兴趣，请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 志愿者工作内容；
2. 当志愿者的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
This winter holiday, I was lucky to be a volunteer for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, which will be the most unforgettable experience in my life.
My job as a volunteer was to organize the audience to enter the stadium and guide them to watch the game in a civilized way. Although it was a very simple task, I was very proud of it because I played an important role in maintaining the order of the scene.
This volunteer activity made me more responsible and benefited me a lot. I will always be grateful for this experience.
How are you doing I hope you had a good winter holiday.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim写封信，介绍你当北京冬奥会志愿者的经历。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
幸运的：lucky→fortunate
难忘：unforgettable→memorable
保持：maintain→keep
感激：grateful→thankful
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：This volunteer activity made me more responsible and benefited me a lot. I will always be grateful for this experience.
拓展句：This volunteer activity made me more responsible and benefited me a lot, for which I will always be grateful.
【点睛】[高分句型1]This winter holiday, I was lucky to be a volunteer for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, which will be the most unforgettable experience in my life.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Although it was a very simple task, I was very proud of it because I played an important role in maintaining the order of the scene.(运用了although引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句)
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第11页 第12页
第51页 第52页2023年高考英语考前模拟考场练手卷
（北京卷）
（原卷版）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Paul O’Sullivans
Paul O’Sullivan felt bored around his Baltimore apartment one evening. So, like a lot of people with nothing better to do, he logged on to Facebook to find out just how many others on the social network ___1___ his name. Moments later, dozens of name twins from around the world ___2___ his screen. The 27-year-old human resources employee decided to send friend requests to them all.
Many of his fellow Paul O’Sullivans ignored him, but a few felt too curious to ___3___ his invitation. As Baltimore Paul scrolled through the other Paul O’Sullivans’ profiles, he noticed something ___4___ in four of them: They were all musicians. Four men with the same name who all love making music Baltimore Paul had an idea. Wouldn’t it be ___5___, he asked the other musical Pauls, if they formed a band called The Paul O’Sullivans Yes, it would be, they all agreed. And so they did.
Starting a band ___6___ multiple time zones proved to be tricky. To fix the problem, they created a sort of musical assembly line. Baltimore Paul and Rotterdam Paul wrote and recorded a basic track, then e-mailed it to Manchester Paul.
The Paul O’Sullivan Band released its first original song, “Namesake,” in March 2016. It’s a cheerful track about long-distance relationships—not romantic ones, but ___7___ like those that they had begun to develop. They shared family pictures, chatted live on Instagram, and checked in on one another.
“The other Pauls are gentle, dear, caring people,” says Pennsylvania Paul. “They are a(n) ___8___ of joy.” What are the odds that a(n) ___9___ Facebook request would lead not only to new music but to lasting friendships as well Some things are just ____10____ to be.
1．A．mentioned B．knew C．shared D．stole
2．A．took B．broke C．changed D．filled
3．A．accept B．refuse C．send D．read
4．A．common B．positive C．abnormal D．awkward
5．A．ridiculous B．necessary C．strange D．funny
6．A．over B．above C．across D．among
7．A．friendships B．personalities C．hobbies D．skills
8．A．resource B．effect C．fountain D．example
9．A．impolite B．random C．serious D．official
10．A．planned B．required C．told D．meant
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhang Guimei has committed her life to improving girls’ education in a remote, mountainous region in Yunnan Province by ____11____ (start) China’s first free high school for female students. Her story has moved millions of Chinese people and is now written into a newly ____12____ (publish) book—Brief History of the People’s Republic of China. It described her ____13____ a moral model who uses love and wisdom to help thousands of rural ____14____ (girl) realize their dreams.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In Beijing, hutongs are alleys(小巷) formed by lines of traditional siheyuan. Many neighborhoods were formed by joining one siheyuan to another to form a hutong and then joining one hutong to another. In the dynasty ____15____ (time), the large siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often featured ____16____(beautiful) carved and painted roof beams and pillars and carefully landscaped gardens. The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. In contrast to the court life and elite culture ____17____(represent) by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers. The hutongs are residential neighborhoods which still form the heart of Old Beijing.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A book ____18____ (name) Who Moved My Cheese has been a best seller (畅销书) all over the world. It ____19____ (teach) people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing a change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don’t be afraid. Instead, use this change ____20____ (make) a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Kids Flying Alone Guide
Helpful tips for children traveling alone
Airline Age Fee per child (each way). Notes
Air TranAirways 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 48 for a non-stop flight Unaccompanied children.
American 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 110 Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online.
BritishAirways 7 to 15 years old — can travel alone on connecting flights $ 60 for flights within UK Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online.
FrontierAirlines 6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights $ 60 for non-stop or direct flights$120 for connecting flights Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online.
Before the flight:Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes. Make sure your child doesn’t wear any clothing that has his or her name on it, which would make it easier for a stranger to convince a child he can be trusted.
At the airport:
Make sure the flight attendants know that your child is traveling alone. Make sure that he or she will be seated in an area of the aircraft that’s convenient for attendants to keep an eye on — the very front of very back of the aircraft is ideal.
Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service.
What to pack:
Cell phone: If your child doesn’t have a cell phone, buy him or her a pay-as-you-go phone at a cell phone retailer (零售店) so he or she has an easy form of communication for emergencies.
Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards worth $ 25 or $ 50, This will reduce the worry of traveling with a large amount of cash.
Family/ friends contact information: Give your child a complete list of names, numbers and addresses of the people who are picking your child up at the airport.
21．How much should you pay if your child aged eleven travels alone on a connecting flight by Frontier Airlines
A．$ 50. B．$ 75.
C．$ 120. D．$ 160.
22．What can we learn from the passage
A．Juice or water can’t be brought onto the aircraft.
B．Unaccompanied children can’t fly on the last flight of the day.
C．Pay-as-you-go phones are provided for free at the airport for children without cell phones.
D．Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department for free.
23．Which of the following is recommended for unaccompanied children
A．Booking them morning flights.
B．Giving them a large amount of cash.
C．Making them sit in the middle of the aircraft.
D．Dressing them in clothing with their names on it.
B
One morning in 2003, a 19-year-old Amy Purdy left for her job as a nursery teacher, feeling healthy and ready for her day. Halfway through her morning, she started to feel achy and unwell. Once home, she had a fever and fell into a deep sleep that was impossible for her to shake.
After a short, tense ride to the nearest hospital, Purdy was given less than a two percent chance of surviving. Over the course of the 2.5?month treatment that followed, she lost kidney (肾) function and hearing in her left ear—then her spleen and, eventually, both of her legs. What doctors thought was the flu ended up being a very deadly meningitis (脑膜炎) infection. Purdy’s life was changed forever.
It was when she was in bed for months that she started to think about that big life question: what was her story going to be She began dreaming about snowboarding and visualized herself carving down a mountain of powder, feeling the wind on her face.
This made her return to the sport as a double-amputee (截肢者). Being back on the board was rough at first—several times, her board and her prosthetic (假体的) legs flew down the mountain without her. But Purdy had a strong will and set out to build her own prosthetics that would be purpose built for snowboarding. Purdy’s first home made snowboarding feet is on display in the Smithsonian now.
In 2005, after her 21st birthday—and the gift of a new kidney from her father—Purdy decided to start Adaptive Action Sports. Purdy and her family organized a team of snowboarders and began pushing for their sport to be part of the 2014 Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russia. After being turned down several times, they were finally granted access to the Paralympic Games, appearing as para?snowboarding for the first time in history. Since then, her snowboarding team has brought home six medals and raised the visibility of the sport.
Since her illness took her legs 18 years ago, Purdy has managed to squeeze as much achievement and joy out of her life as possible. “Maybe instead of looking at all our challenges and barriers as something negative or bad,” she proposes, “maybe we can look at them as little gifts that fire our imaginations.”
24．Amy Purdy eventually lost her legs because of________ .
A．a sudden accident
B．the serious infection
C．the sports training
D．the kidney failure
25．According to the passage, we can learn that________ .
A．Purdy’s father donated a kidney to her
B．Purdy’s former job was a snowboard athlete
C．Purdy made her snowboarding feet with her friends’ help
D．Purdy’s team snowboarding succeeded when they applied for the first time
26．Which of the following words can best describe Amy Purdy
A．Smart and mature.
B．Selfless and patient.
C．Determined and optimistic.
D．Creative and modest.
C
broccoli
When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes (酶) in saliva (唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children.
These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.
The same enzymes are also locked away in the cells of Brassica vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower. When we chew broccoli, these enzymes spill out of their storage containers while those in our mouth start to work.
These enzymes break down a compound (化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules (分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.
According to these past studies, when different adults consume broccoli, there can be a huge difference in how many unpleasant smells the food lets off as their saliva-borne enzymes break it to bits. But the authors wondered whether the same difference can be seen in kids, who are usually more sensitive to bitter and sour tastes. They suspected that kids whose saliva produced the most smelly, SMCSO-sourced compounds would show the strongest dislike for broccoli.
And the team’s new study proved their assumption. While both adults’ and kids’ saliva produced smelly compounds when exposed to cauliflower, these smells did not influence whether adults liked the vegetable. On the other hand, kids whose saliva produced high concentrations of these smells reported hating cauliflower the most.
The new study included 98 pairs of parents and children aged 6 to 8. After taking samples of each participant’s saliva, the scientists mixed it into raw cauliflower powder. They measured the SMCSO-sourced smell compounds let off and found each participant’s saliva generated a different quantity of smells.
Interestingly, the degree of sickly smell production was similar between parents’ saliva and their children’s. This indicates that parents and kids likely carry similar bacteria in their mouths, which would cause them to produce similar levels of cysteine lyases.
Our senses of taste and smell are strongest in youth, which may make kids even more sensitive to these differences in flavor. The same preference pattern is not seen in adults, who also produce plenty of bad smells. This suggests that the adults came to tolerate the taste of Brassica vegetables. The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more.
27．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．The function of mouth bacteria.
B．The cause of an unpleasant flavor.
C．The feature of Brassica vegetables.
D．The form of enzymes in our mouth.
28．What do previous studies indicate
A．SMCSO-breakdown depends on various enzymes.
B．Enzymes determine the taste of Brassica vegetables.
C．Individuals release varying amounts of smell molecules.
D．Kids producing the most smells hate broccoli particularly.
29．What can we conclude from the passage
A．We might accept some foods through repeated exposure.
B．The level of smells may affect an adult’s taste preference.
C．Parents’ and their kids’ saliva-borne enzymes don’t match.
D．Kids’ saliva could produce higher concentrations of smells.
30．Why does the author write the passage
A．To explain a food preference.
B．To introduce a research method.
C．To illustrate a biological process.
D．To show the discovery of an enzyme.
D
The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the separation from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.
Despite top speeds and cornering ability advertised, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams. These apps know where almost all the users are, and how fast they are moving almost all the time, they can spot traffic congestion (堵塞) very quickly and suggest ways round it.
The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget. Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them. When a lucky few have access to the knowledge, they will benefit greatly. But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.
This new congestion teaches us two things. The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope. They will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences. Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised. The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go. The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before, but one in which almost everyone does rather worse. Central control and collective organization can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.
Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. One autonomously operated car by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona. Experts have said that it suggests a “catastrophic failure” of technology.
Increasingly, even the top tech-company has to acknowledge the costs of intoxicating (令人陶醉的) hurry that characterizes its culture. What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us, and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
31．What can we infer about the car advertisements
A．They present a false picture of the cars.
B．They emphasize the mass production of cars.
C．They portray drivers enjoying speed on the road.
D．They pursue individuality and freedom in design.
32．What can we know about the various gadgets on cars
A．They are constantly upgraded.
B．All of them are used effectively.
C．Only some can be used frequently.
D．They can help to relieve traffic jams.
33．What does the author say about the use of the navigation app
A．It benefits those who are learning to drive.
B．It is likely to create traffic jams in other places.
C．It helps a great deal in easing traffic congestion.
D．It sharply reduces the occurrence of traffic accidents.
34．What do we learn about technology from the passage
A．It seldom delivers all the benefits as promised.
B．Its consequences are usually difficult to assess.
C．Its benefits are guaranteed by collective wisdom.
D．It depends on the required knowledge for application.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Motivation is the desire to act in service of a goal. It’s the crucial element in setting and attaining our objectives. Some of the most common goals people make—and the most common goals they struggle to meet—are to eat healthier, work out more, and save more money. Many traps can prevent people from achieving those goals, but predicting those challenges can help achieve real change.
Many people struggle to stick to a diet. Research suggests that extrinsic (外在的) motivators—to avoid hurtful comments or fit into an outfit—can jumpstart the process but that intrinsic motivation—interest, enjoyment, and challenge in the journey—is key to sustained, lasting weight loss.____35____So it’s helpful to choose a diet that will be sustainable and effective and believe that the diet, start date, and end goals have been chosen autonomously and not “assigned” by others.
There are a few creative ideas to consider if motivation is a barrier to exercise. One is to widen the options you have: If you don’t have time to go to the gym, exercise by going for a walk, doing a bodyweight circuit, or watching a yoga video.____36____Yet you can also establish a social contract with a friend or family member. For example, if you allow phone time to replace exercise, you must donate to a cause of the other person’s choosing.
____37____The first is to set a specific saving goal for an emergency fund. This focused goal will build habits that become sustainable saving. The second is to save something every day, even if it’s just a few dollars, because repeat helps to form habits. Third, making savings visible, whether by checking a savings account online or keeping cash in a glass jar.____38____ In addition to cultivating a saving attitude, it’s important to change a spending mindset.
Most people, unfortunately, fail to follow through on their New Year’s resolutions. This might be because people tend to set overwhelming goals, engage in all-or-nothing thinking, don’t predict barriers, and beat themselves up when they get off track. By addressing those traps, people are more likely to truly achieve their goals.
Motivation is one of the driving forces behind human behavior. It fuels competition and sparks social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. ____39____ It’s the key factors in setting and achieving our goals.
A．It is helpful to find a community of supporters.
B．People can break large goals into smaller pieces.
C．Eventually, consistently spend less than you make.
D．The following steps can help cultivate the habit of saving money.
E．Intrinsic motivation includes competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
F．Motivation includes the desire toward meaning, purpose, and a life worth living.
G．Another is to make exercise more enjoyable, such as by listening to a book on tape.
第三部分 写作（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person, from busy schedules to long distances to a rather unexpected pandemic (流行病). Fortunately, thanks to modem technology, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you’re someone who prefers typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting.
A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge connectedness. In one, they asked 20 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned it on people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication -whether video or audio only-made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via texting.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person”.
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore able to gauge the meaning behind the content without thinking about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.”
40．What did the new study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology find
41．In the first experiment mentioned in the passage, how do people feel actually when they connected with an old friend by phone
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
43．If you are going to reconnect old friends, will you text them or call them directly Why
第二节 开放性作文（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim 对你的北京冬奥志愿者经历非常感兴趣，请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 志愿者工作内容；
2. 当志愿者的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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学校：
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姓名：
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考号：
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