高中试卷答案网山东省泰安市2024届高三上学期质量检测英语试卷
一、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节 （共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A popular TV host has reportedly invested about US$ 740,000 in a project to research, preserve and promote the Hunan provincial dialect (方言). Chinese TV presenters are required to speak Mandarin, or Putonghua, as part of their work, but should dialects be allowed on air
Bcnu (China): TV and radio stations have the right to decide whether dialects or Mandarin will be used in their programs. The popularity of some dialects in some areas will not challenge the leading role of Mandarin in the whole country.
Rick N (US): TV and radio broadcasters should take the lead in popularizing Mandarin. To require hosts to speak standard Mandarin is not to oppress (压制) dialects, but it only aims to restrict irresponsible use of language. I think it is unprofessional for some hosts particularly to imitate the pronunciation of dialects.
Cooper (UK): Dialects are an important part of local culture and now many kids even don't know how to speak their dialects because of the main use of Mandarin around them. It would be a pity if future generations were unable to understand the local dialects. It would be a terrible break in cultural traditions.
Steve (France): To attract viewers or make more money, some hosts casually use dialects. Demanding TV and radio programs use Mandarin is a move to limit strange and irresponsible use of language, whether it is Mandarin or other dialects. In this way, the decision is also a form of protection for dialects. Hearing standard Mandarin on TV and radio programs is also a basic right of audiences around the country.
1．Why does the author mention a popular TV host
A．To make clear the author's viewpoint.
B．To introduce the topic to be discussed.
C．To set an example for people to follow.
D．To show dialects are likely to disappear.
2．What affects dialects negatively according to Steve
A．Mass media's using dialects casually.
B．Improper pronunciation of dialects.
C．Restrictions on speaking dialects publicly.
D．Children's losing interest in dialects.
3．Who favors dialects on air
A．Bcnu and Steve. B．Bcnu and Cooper.
C．Rick N and Steve. D．Rick N and Cooper.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，就关于方言是否应该允许在广播中使用这一话题展开了讨论。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇生活类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"but should dialects be allowed on air "但方言是否应该允许在广播中使用 提出这一问题可知，引用流行节目主持人是为了介绍文章的话题，故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"To attract viewers or make more money, some hosts casually use dialects. "为了吸引观众或者赚更多的钱，一些主持人随意地使用方言。可知他认为是为了吸引观众的目的，主持人随意地使用方言，故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The popularity of some dialects in some areas will not challenge the leading role of Mandarin in the whole country. "一些方言在一些地区的流行并不会挑战普通话在全国的主导地位；以及第四段中的"It would be a pity if future generations were unable to understand the local dialects. It would be a terrible break in cultural traditions. "如果后代不能理解当地方言，那将是一件憾事。这将是对文化传统的严重破坏。可知Bcnu 和 Cooper都是支持方言的使用的，故选B。
4．（2018高一下·江苏月考）阅读理解
You can use your smartphone to get pretty much anything delivered directly to your door almost immediately. The hardest part is the process of trying to work out if you should tip and if so, doing the quick math before you get to the door. And, you know well that you should tip about 15-20% at restaurants, but do the same rules apply to delivery drivers
The co-founder of Grubhub, Matt Maloney, pretty much set the standard for tipping delivery people in a Facebook post. He's a strong supporter of tipping, and Grubhub's website suggests a $5 or a 20% tip. Maloney also said this number should go up if you order during, say, a snowstorm.
However, most other delivery services say on their websites that tipping is not required. Some services, like Door Dash, do suggest no tip on their checkout window. Many, like Amazon Prime Now, allow customers to change their tip amount after their delivery has been received to reflect the quality of service. These companies help customers save money but delivery drivers are upset. They deal with bad weather, heavy traffic, extreme tiredness, and more, all for a $1 tip. Many feel that if you'd tip your pizza boy or girl, you should tip your delivery driver.
The Emily Post Institute (EPI)'s official suggestion falls in line with Maloney's: “10-15% of the bill, or $2-5 for pizza delivery depending on the size of the order and difficulty of delivery.”
Just like servers in a restaurant, delivery drivers almost always rely on your tips for their income. Tipping is a long-standing cultural tradition in America. So, until drones (无人机) can deliver hot dogs straight to your door, it's best to tip the people riding through the city at all hours to bring you hot fresh food.
（1）What do we know about tipping delivery drivers
A．It is not widely accepted.
B．It upsets many delivery services
C．It can't reflect the quality of service
D．It is a deeply rooted tradition in America.
（2）Which of the following suggests the highest tips in the passage
A．The EPI. B．DoorDash.
C．Grubhub. D．Amazon Prime Now.
（3）What is the author's attitude to tipping delivery drivers
A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned C．Disapproving. D．Supportive.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章讨论了给送货司机小费的问题。
（1）细节理解题。根据第三段However, most other delivery services say on their websites that tipping is not required. Some services, like Door Dash, do suggest no tip on their checkout window.可知给送货司机小费没有被广泛接受。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。对比文中小费的额度可知Grubhub的网站则显示了5美元或20%的小费。是小费最高的，故选C。
（3）观点态度题。根据整篇文章的描述可以看出作者对于给小费是支持的态度。故选D。
【点评】阅读理解观点态度题解题技巧：（1）最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2 两句—--即短文的主题句，或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句……即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。（2）记叙文等需要通读全文，抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思（常说明一个道理）。（3）全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是 以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点。
阅读理解
Depression(抑郁) can be a destructive illness, plaguing millions of people worldwide with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue. Despite numerous antidepressant drugs, as many as a third of patients don't respond to medication. This has forced doctors to be more creative in finding different treatments for the condition.
In the past two decades, researchers have tied depression to a seemingly unrelated condition: inflammation(炎症), the body's natural response to stress. It could rise from injury or inflection, or even emotional issues like an unhappy marriage or problems at work. Some amount of inflammation is generally beneficial, as it increases production of cytokines(致癌因子)，proteins that help us heal and protect us from the effects of overwork.
But excessive cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggests that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression.
Cytokines can reach the brain several ways: directly through the blood-brain barrier or indirectly by binding to nerve fibers elsewhere, which send signals to the brain to produce the inflammation molecules. In the brain, cytokines can disturb the production and release of several important signaling chemicals, including serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, which help control emotion, appetite, sleep, learning and memory. It's thought that a lack of serotonin activity in the brain causes depression; most antidepressants increase the activity. But cytokines also have been shown to activate stress hormone signaling in the brain, which may also serve to develop depression.
With all the evidence implicating inflammation in depression, doctors have been anxious to test anti-inflammatory drugs as a potential treatment. Four small studies published between 2006 and 2017 by research groups in Europe and Iran found that adults diagnosed with depression who took aspirin or another anti-inflammatory drug called Celecoxib, along with an antidepressant, got more relief from feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt and fatigue compared with those taking an antidepressant alone. However, Andrew Miller, a professor of psychiatry at Emory University, thought something was wrong in these small, limited studies. None of them looked at whether the participants had high levels of cytokines before they'd see a benefit from anti-inflammatory drugs. "Unfortunately, much of the field has fallen into the trap of viewing inflammation as the be-all, end-all," Miller says. He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels, or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression.
5．Which of the following illustrated how depression is developed
A．stress → overwork → inflammation → depression
B．inflammation → infection→ stress → depression
C．cytokine → stress→ infection → depression
D．infection → inflammation → cytokine → depression
6．The underlined word "excessive" in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to "____"
A．intermediate B．overmuch C．mild D．appropriate
7．We can infer from the passage that ____.
A．depression will be a curable disease for a long time
B．only aspirin can effectively help relieve people of many emotional problems
C．people who are hard–working are more likely to get depression
D．we have a long way to go before depression can be satisfying treated
8．Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage ( ①—⑤ represent Para 1—5 )
A． B． C． D．
【答案】5．D
6．B
7．D
8．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了抑郁症的形成过程以及科学家们对治疗抑郁症的药物的研究。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和篇章结构四个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段"In the past two decades, researchers have tied depression to a seemingly unrelated condition: inflammation(炎症), the body's natural response to stress. It could rise from injury or inflection, or even emotional issues like an unhappy marriage or problems at work. Some amount of inflammation is generally beneficial, as it increases production of cytokines(致癌因子)，proteins that help us heal and protect us from the effects of overwork."在过去的二十年里，研究人员将抑郁症与一种看似无关的疾病联系起来：炎症(炎症), 身体对压力的自然反应。它可能是由伤害或变化引起的，甚至是情感问题，如婚姻不幸福或工作中的问题。一定量的炎症通常是有益的，因为它会增加细胞因子的产生，细胞因子是帮助我们愈合并保护我们免受过度工作影响的蛋白质；以及第三段" But excessive cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggests that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression. "但过度的细胞因子水平及其引发的炎症可能是有代价的——许多研究表明，高水平的细胞因子可能会导致抑郁症。可知，感染导致炎症，而炎症产生致癌因子，而过量的致癌因子导致抑郁症，故选D。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第三段知道"cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggests that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression."可知，但是致癌因子水平过高，以及由此引发的炎症，可能以一定的代价出现，研究表明致癌因子水平过高可能会导致抑郁症，可推知画线词 excessive 的意思是"过量的、过多的"，故选B。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels, or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression."可知，Andrew Miller教授和他的同事们想知道这些药物的效果是否仅限于致癌因子水平高的抑郁症患者或是否对所有被诊断为抑郁症的人都有帮助，可推断，在抑郁症得到满意的治疗之前还有很长的路要走（很多工作要做），故选D。
8．考查篇章结构。通读全文可知，第一段为总论，指出抑郁症是一种非常可怕的疾病，很多患者对治疗抑郁症的药物都没有反应，第二、三段介绍了为抑郁症的形成过程，第四段介绍了致癌因子通过几种途径到达大脑，第五段介绍了科学家们研究治疗抑郁症的药物，故选D。
二、第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques
Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life. 9． . We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life.
Start small
The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes. 10． . Instead, stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target.
The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.
11．
Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven't made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you've done and encourages you to keep going.
Exercise your willpower
12． . Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain.
The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective. 13． , and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.
A. Build a support system
B. Measure your goals
C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand
D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people
E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management
F. However, it is easier said than done
G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day
【答案】9．C；10．G；11．A；12．D；13．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三个自律技巧。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
9．根据空前" Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life. "自律是通向更健康、更快乐、更成功生活的关键；以及空后" We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. ""我们在下面分享了一些自律技巧。C. However, it is easier said than done."然而，说起来容易做起来难。"承上启下，该项中的However表示该句与上文构成转折关系。故选C。
10．根据空前" The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes. ""千里之行，始于足下；以及空后" Instead, stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target."相反，耐力是通过比前一天的目标多做一点来建立的。承接上下文，G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day."你不会在第一天跑10公里来训练马拉松。"符合语境，故选G。
11．根据空后" Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven't made any progress so far. "保持自律需要动力。如果你觉得到目前为止你还没有取得任何进展，你很难保持积极性。A. Measure your goals."测量你的目标。"概括其内容，符合语境，故选A。
12．根据本段小标题"Exercise your willpower"锻炼你的意志力；以及空后"Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain. "有时候，坚持完成任务是很困难的，但是通过提醒自己目标的意义和目标对你的意义，你就可以忽略暂时的诱惑而获得长期的利益。D. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand."意志力和自律是相辅相成的。"符合语境，故选D。
13．根据空前" The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective. "上述自律技巧已被证明是非常有效的；以及空后" and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life. "这是快乐充实生活的关键。承接上下文，F. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people."自律是许多成功人士的一个特征。"符合语境，故选F。
三、第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At least thirty times Bobby had tried to climb the snowy mountain, but he had never 14． the top. His friend old Peeper, who knew a lot about his failures, 15． Bobby to try again. He gave Bobby a pair of 16． and said, "If it starts clouding over, put on the glasses, or if your feet start hurting, put them on too. The glasses are very 17． . They'll help you." Bobby 18． the gift without much thought.
The day came when he was to have another 19． . About two hours after he started, he felt his feet hurting. Then he 20． what Peeper had said, and put on the glasses. The pain was pretty bad, but 21． the sunglasses he could clearly see the snow-covered mountain top, so he went on.
22． , clouds were gathering. But this time Bobby could still see the 23． through the clouds. He kept 24． , leaving the clouds behind, forgetting his pain, and finally arriving at the top. It was certainly worth it. His feeling of 25． was extremely good, almost as great as that 26． view. The mountain below was surrounded by a sea of clouds. He couldn't believe that the clouds were as 27． as that, so he looked more closely at the sunglasses, and discovered the 28． . Peeper had engraved(镌刻) the snow-covered mountain top on the sunglasses, 29． Bobby could see it when he was looking upwards!
Bobby 30． that the only obstacle(障碍) to reaching the top had been losing 31． when he couldn't see the mountain top. He was thankful that Peeper had used that little 32． to help him see that his 33． was never impossible, and that it was still there, where it had always been.
14．A． left B． reached C． jumped D． ran
15．A． encouraged B． ordered C． allowed D． warned
16．A． gloves B． trousers
C． shoes D． sunglasses
17．A． real B． safe
C． special D． expensive
18．A． sent B． gave C． accepted D． got
19．A． try B． start
C． test D． training
20．A． remembered B． expressed
C． shouted D． regretted
21．A． under B． with C． for D． about
22．A． Happily B． Hopefully
C． Unfortunately D． Unnecessarily
23．A． friend B． top
C． climber D． village
24．A． running B． swimming C． climbing D． flying
25．A． success B． decision
C． freedom D． friendship
26．A． strong B． popular
C． bad D． wonderful
27．A． cool B． natural C． thick D． wide
28．A． way B． words C． book D． secret
29．A． and B． or C． if D． though
30．A． suggested B． realized
C． expected D． announced
31．A． love B． help C． face D． heart
32．A． trick B． word
C． plan D． opinion
33．A． position B． lesson C． aim D． story
【答案】14．B；15．A；16．D；17．C；18．C；19．A；20．A；21．B；22．C；23．B；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．D；29．A；30．B；31．D；32．A；33．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Bobby多次尝试爬一座雪山，但都没成功。他的朋友Peeper用了一个小把戏帮助他成功地登上了山顶。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，介词，副词，连词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
14．句意：他尝试攀登这座雪山已经至少30次了，但他从来没有到达过山顶。A. left"留下"；B. reached "到达"；C. jumped"跳"；D. ran"跑"。根据下文可知他的目标是到达雪山山顶。故选B。
15．句意：他的朋友知道他多次失败，鼓励他再尝试一次。A. encouraged"鼓励"；B. ordered"命令"；C. allowed"允许"；D. warned"警告"。Peeper鼓励他，并且还送他一个礼物。故选A。
16．句意：他的朋友送给他一副墨镜。A. gloves"手套"；B. trousers"裤子"；C. shoes"鞋子"；D. sunglasses"墨镜"。 根据下文"Then he 7 what Peeper had said, and put on the glasses"可知，Peeper送他的是墨镜。故选D。
17．句意：Peeper告诉他，当天空云层密布的时候戴上它；当你的脚疼的时候，也戴上它。这副墨镜很特别，它可以帮助你。A. real"真的"；B. safe"安全的"；C. special"特殊的"；D. expensive"昂贵的"。根据Peeper的描述，应该是很特别的墨镜。故选C。
18．句意：他没有多想就接受了朋友的礼物。A. sent"送"；B. gave"给"；C. accepted"接受"；D. got"得到"。根据下文，他爬山时带上墨镜，可知他接受了Peeper的礼物。故选C。
19．句意：他再一次尝试登山的时间到了。A. try"尝试"；B. start"开始"；C. test"测试"；D. training"训练"。have a try 固定短语，"尝试"，故选A。
20．句意：他记起了朋友说的，带上了眼镜。A. remembered"记得"；B. expressed"表达"；C. forgot"忘记"；D. regretted"后悔"。他带上了墨镜，说明他记得朋友的话。故选A。
21．句意：戴上墨镜后他可以清楚地看到被雪覆盖的山顶。A. under"在……下面"；B. with"以，用，借助" ；C. for"为了"；D. about"大约"。with the sunglasses"借助墨镜"。故选B。
22．句意：不幸的是，云层开始积聚。A. Happily"高兴地"；B. Hopefully"有希望地"；C. Unfortunately "不幸的是"；D. Unnecessarily"没必要地"。云层开始聚集，看到山顶就不是那么容易。故选C。
23．句意：但是在这个时候他仍然可以透过云层看到山顶。A. friend"朋友"；B. top"顶端"；C. climber"攀爬者"；D. village"乡村"。根据上文"but 8 the sunglasses he could clearly see the snowcovered mountain top"可知是虽然云层厚，但是还是能看到山顶。故选B。
24．句意：他一直在攀登，把云层留在了身后。A. running"跑"；B. swimming"游泳"；C. climbing"攀爬"；D. flying"飞"。根据空后"and finally arriving at the top"可知他不停地攀登。故选C。
25．句意：成功的感觉很棒。A. success"成功"；B. decision"决定"；C. freedom"自由"；D. friendship"友情"。登到山顶是他的目标，他终于成功了。故选A。
26．句意：成功的感觉很棒，就像在山顶看到的绝妙的景色一样好。A. strong"健壮的"；B. popular"大众的"；C. bad"坏的"；D. wonderful"极好的"。登到山顶，看到了美丽的景色。故选D。
27．句意：他不能相信云层竟然如此的厚。A. cool"凉爽的"；B. natural"自然的"；C. thick"厚的"；D. wide"宽的"。根据上文"The mountain below was surrounded by a sea of clouds"他脚下的山都被云海所笼罩，可知他觉得云层很厚。故选C。
28．句意：他仔细地看眼镜，然后发现了其中的秘密。A. way"方法"；B. words"词语"；C. book "书"；D. secret"秘密"。不管在什么情况下Bobby都能看到山顶，此时他才知道其中的原因。故选D。
29．句意：Pepper已经将白雪覆盖的山顶刻在眼镜上，这样Bobby往上看的时候就能看到它。A. and "和，并且"；B. or"或者"；C. if"如果"；D. though"尽管"。这两句前后是并列递进关系，故选A。
30．句意：他意识到他到达山顶的唯一障碍是失去了信心。A. suggested"建议"；B. realized"意识到"；C. expected"期望"；D. announced"通知"。Bobby此时意识到他曾经失败的原因。故选B。
31．句意：他意识到他到达山顶的障碍是没有信心。A. love"热爱"；B. help"帮助"；C. face"脸"；D. heart"心"。lose heart固定短语" 丧失信心"。故选D。
32．句意：他很感激朋友用了一个小把戏就帮助他明白了实现目标不是不可能的。A. trick"花招，把戏"；B.word"话"；C. plan"计划"；D. opinion"意见"。这都是Peeper想出来的计谋。故选A。
33．句意：他的朋友用了一个小把戏就帮助他明白了实现目标不是不可能的。A. position"位置"；B. lesson"教训"；C. aim"目标"；D. story"故事"。他终于实现了登上山顶的目标，是Peeper让他知道目标是可以实现的。故选C。
四、第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are many great destinations in the UK, one of 34． is the South-West of England. The most popular regions surrounding the South-West 35． (be) the counties of Devon and Cornwall. They are by the coast and known for having some of 36． sunniest weather in the UK.
In the heart of the South-West, Dartmoor National Park 37． (vote) the UK's favourite in 2016. There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from which will lead you 38． (discover) Dartmoofs ancient and rugged (崎岖的) charm!
In the South-West you will find plenty of attractive and often deserted 39． (beach). Some examples include Whitesand Bay in Cornwall and Woolacombe beach in Devon. If you don't mind the 40． ( slight) cooler temperatures than other beach destinations in Europe, you are in for a real treat!
Apart from 41． ( surround) by beautiful nature, the South-West is full of urban gems (精华). The city of Exeter in Devon has great centers, as well as lots of cafes 42． pubs. Cornwall has its own treasures too—pretty villages and towns such as St Ives and Mousehole line the coastline, and make for the perfect locations to spend those 43． (relax) summer afternoons!
【答案】34．which；35．are；36．the；37．was voted；38．to discover；39．beaches；40．slightly；41．being sunounded；42．and；43．relaxing
【知识点】说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的旅游圣地西南部最受欢迎的地区是德文郡和康沃尔郡。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，时态，主谓一致，冠词，时态语态，非谓语动词，名词，副词，连词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
34．句意：英国有许多很棒的目的地，其中之一是英格兰西南部。 one of is the South-West of England是非限制性定语从句，先行词是destinations，关系词在从句中与one of 一起作主宾语，且位于介词of之后，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
35．句意：西南部最受欢迎的地区是德文郡和康沃尔郡。此处主语是The most popular regions，谓语动词应使用复数形式，且描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填are。
36．句意：它们位于海岸边，以拥有英国阳光最充足的天气而闻名。此处形容词最高级前要加定冠词。故填the。
37．句意：达特穆尔国家公园位于英国西南部的心脏地带，2016年被评为英国最受欢迎的公园。此处是谓语动词，根据句意，应用被动语态，再根据时间状语in 2016可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was voted。
38．句意：这里有很多令人惊叹的散步可供选择，让你发现达特穆夫古老而粗犷的魅力！lead sb. to do sth.固定短语，"引导某人做某事"。故填to discover。
39．句意：在西南部，你会发现许多迷人的、经常空无一人的海滩。根据空前plenty of及beach"沙滩"是可数名词可知，此处应用名词复数。故填beaches。
40．句意：如果你不介意比欧洲其他海滩目的地略冷的温度，你会得到真正的享受！此处修饰形容词cooler，应使用副词。故填slightly。
41．句意：西南部除了被美丽的自然所包围之外，还充满了城市的精华。此处与the South-West是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动式，因位于介词from后，应用动名词的被动式。故填being surrounded。
42．句意：德文郡的埃克塞特市有很棒的中心，还有很多咖啡馆和酒吧。此处的cafes和pubs是并列关系，意为"一些咖啡馆和小酒馆"。故填and。
43．句意：句意：康沃尔也有自己的宝藏——美丽的村庄和城镇，如圣艾夫斯和鼠洞，沿着海岸线排列，是度过那些放松的夏日午后的完美地点！此处形容词修饰名词 summer afternoons ，作定语relaxing"放松的"。故填relaxing。
五、第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
44．假设你是学生李华。为响应今年政府工作报告中提出的"提倡全民阅读，建设书香社会"的号召，你班将举行一次班会，就此话题展开讨论。请你用英语写一篇发言稿。
内容要点：1. 全民阅读"的好处；2. 就开展"全民阅读"活动提出具体的建议。
注意：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 文章开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：书香社会nation of avid readers
Boys and girls，
That's all.
Thank you.
【答案】Boy and girls,
In this year's Government Work Report, people are called on to read more books and build a nation of avid readers. I think it is necessary.
As we know, reading is a way to gain knowledge and know about the world. Through reading, people can improve their cultural qualities.
I think schools can organize various activities to promote reading interest among students. As to us, I suggest our class set up a book corner at the ack of the classroom, to which every one of us can donate. some books. In this way we can read as many books as possible.
That's all.
Thank you
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇发言稿。写作背景：为响应今年政府工作报告中提出的"提倡全民阅读，建设书香社会"的号召，你班将举行一次班会，就此话题展开讨论。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 全民阅读"的好处；2. 就开展"全民阅读"活动提出具体的建议。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： In this year's Government Work Report, people are called on to read more books and build a nation of avid readers. 运用了被动语态；I think it is necessary. 运用了宾语从句； As we know，reading is a way to gain knowledge and know about the world. 运用了非限制性定语从句； I think schools can organize various activities to promote reading interest among students. 运用了宾语从句；As to us, I suggest our class set up a book corner at the ack of the classroom，to which every one of us can donate some books. . 运用了宾语从句，虚拟语气。
六、第二节 概要写作（满分25分）
45．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Have you heard an old saying "The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence" It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. "Let's go to KFC for dinner and then watch some Japanese cartoons!" We all know it: more and more Chinese kids love American and Japanese food and movies. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring（忽视）Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating western holidays.
Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with the Mid-Autumn Festival. China has lots of cool things in its culture: calligraphy, Beijing Opera, quick meals on the streets, and even Jay Chou! And let's not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.
It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It's good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn't always greener.
Although some people become worried about that, I don't think they should. Will we get more powerful without learning from other countries Will Chinese people live more happily without American fast food Besides, it's fun to learn about different cultures. Chinese kids can learn about other cultures and have fun, but they also need to learn more about their own culture. Be proud of Chinese culture and of being Chinese!
【答案】Many young Chinese prefer foreign items, considering them to be better.(要点 1)Nevertheless, Chinese culture is equally good, colorful and even more meaningful, such as its festivals, calligraphy and friendliness.(要点 2)Foreign cultures, which are not always good, can never replace your own culture.(要点3)In a word, Chinese kids need to learn more and take pride in Chinese culture while enjoying other cultures.(要点 4)
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了许多中国年轻人更喜欢外国文化，认为外国的东西更好。然而，中国文化同样是丰富多彩的和有意义的，比如中国的传统节日、书法和友爱精神。外国文化也并不总是好的，它不能取代我们自己的文化。对于中国的孩子来说，在享受其他国家的文化的同时，也要多学习中国文化，以中国文化为荣。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Many young Chinese prefer foreign items, considering them to be better.运用了现在分词作状语； Foreign cultures, which are not always good, can never replace your own culture.运用了非限制性定语从句；In a word, Chinese kids need to learn more and take pride in Chinese culture while enjoying other cultures.运用了时间状语从句的省略。
山东省泰安市2024届高三上学期质量检测英语试卷
一、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节 （共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A popular TV host has reportedly invested about US$ 740,000 in a project to research, preserve and promote the Hunan provincial dialect (方言). Chinese TV presenters are required to speak Mandarin, or Putonghua, as part of their work, but should dialects be allowed on air
Bcnu (China): TV and radio stations have the right to decide whether dialects or Mandarin will be used in their programs. The popularity of some dialects in some areas will not challenge the leading role of Mandarin in the whole country.
Rick N (US): TV and radio broadcasters should take the lead in popularizing Mandarin. To require hosts to speak standard Mandarin is not to oppress (压制) dialects, but it only aims to restrict irresponsible use of language. I think it is unprofessional for some hosts particularly to imitate the pronunciation of dialects.
Cooper (UK): Dialects are an important part of local culture and now many kids even don't know how to speak their dialects because of the main use of Mandarin around them. It would be a pity if future generations were unable to understand the local dialects. It would be a terrible break in cultural traditions.
Steve (France): To attract viewers or make more money, some hosts casually use dialects. Demanding TV and radio programs use Mandarin is a move to limit strange and irresponsible use of language, whether it is Mandarin or other dialects. In this way, the decision is also a form of protection for dialects. Hearing standard Mandarin on TV and radio programs is also a basic right of audiences around the country.
1．Why does the author mention a popular TV host
A．To make clear the author's viewpoint.
B．To introduce the topic to be discussed.
C．To set an example for people to follow.
D．To show dialects are likely to disappear.
2．What affects dialects negatively according to Steve
A．Mass media's using dialects casually.
B．Improper pronunciation of dialects.
C．Restrictions on speaking dialects publicly.
D．Children's losing interest in dialects.
3．Who favors dialects on air
A．Bcnu and Steve. B．Bcnu and Cooper.
C．Rick N and Steve. D．Rick N and Cooper.
4．（2018高一下·江苏月考）阅读理解
You can use your smartphone to get pretty much anything delivered directly to your door almost immediately. The hardest part is the process of trying to work out if you should tip and if so, doing the quick math before you get to the door. And, you know well that you should tip about 15-20% at restaurants, but do the same rules apply to delivery drivers
The co-founder of Grubhub, Matt Maloney, pretty much set the standard for tipping delivery people in a Facebook post. He's a strong supporter of tipping, and Grubhub's website suggests a $5 or a 20% tip. Maloney also said this number should go up if you order during, say, a snowstorm.
However, most other delivery services say on their websites that tipping is not required. Some services, like Door Dash, do suggest no tip on their checkout window. Many, like Amazon Prime Now, allow customers to change their tip amount after their delivery has been received to reflect the quality of service. These companies help customers save money but delivery drivers are upset. They deal with bad weather, heavy traffic, extreme tiredness, and more, all for a $1 tip. Many feel that if you'd tip your pizza boy or girl, you should tip your delivery driver.
The Emily Post Institute (EPI)'s official suggestion falls in line with Maloney's: “10-15% of the bill, or $2-5 for pizza delivery depending on the size of the order and difficulty of delivery.”
Just like servers in a restaurant, delivery drivers almost always rely on your tips for their income. Tipping is a long-standing cultural tradition in America. So, until drones (无人机) can deliver hot dogs straight to your door, it's best to tip the people riding through the city at all hours to bring you hot fresh food.
（1）What do we know about tipping delivery drivers
A．It is not widely accepted.
B．It upsets many delivery services
C．It can't reflect the quality of service
D．It is a deeply rooted tradition in America.
（2）Which of the following suggests the highest tips in the passage
A．The EPI. B．DoorDash.
C．Grubhub. D．Amazon Prime Now.
（3）What is the author's attitude to tipping delivery drivers
A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned C．Disapproving. D．Supportive.
阅读理解
Depression(抑郁) can be a destructive illness, plaguing millions of people worldwide with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue. Despite numerous antidepressant drugs, as many as a third of patients don't respond to medication. This has forced doctors to be more creative in finding different treatments for the condition.
In the past two decades, researchers have tied depression to a seemingly unrelated condition: inflammation(炎症), the body's natural response to stress. It could rise from injury or inflection, or even emotional issues like an unhappy marriage or problems at work. Some amount of inflammation is generally beneficial, as it increases production of cytokines(致癌因子)，proteins that help us heal and protect us from the effects of overwork.
But excessive cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggests that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression.
Cytokines can reach the brain several ways: directly through the blood-brain barrier or indirectly by binding to nerve fibers elsewhere, which send signals to the brain to produce the inflammation molecules. In the brain, cytokines can disturb the production and release of several important signaling chemicals, including serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, which help control emotion, appetite, sleep, learning and memory. It's thought that a lack of serotonin activity in the brain causes depression; most antidepressants increase the activity. But cytokines also have been shown to activate stress hormone signaling in the brain, which may also serve to develop depression.
With all the evidence implicating inflammation in depression, doctors have been anxious to test anti-inflammatory drugs as a potential treatment. Four small studies published between 2006 and 2017 by research groups in Europe and Iran found that adults diagnosed with depression who took aspirin or another anti-inflammatory drug called Celecoxib, along with an antidepressant, got more relief from feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt and fatigue compared with those taking an antidepressant alone. However, Andrew Miller, a professor of psychiatry at Emory University, thought something was wrong in these small, limited studies. None of them looked at whether the participants had high levels of cytokines before they'd see a benefit from anti-inflammatory drugs. "Unfortunately, much of the field has fallen into the trap of viewing inflammation as the be-all, end-all," Miller says. He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels, or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression.
5．Which of the following illustrated how depression is developed
A．stress → overwork → inflammation → depression
B．inflammation → infection→ stress → depression
C．cytokine → stress→ infection → depression
D．infection → inflammation → cytokine → depression
6．The underlined word "excessive" in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to "____"
A．intermediate B．overmuch C．mild D．appropriate
7．We can infer from the passage that ____.
A．depression will be a curable disease for a long time
B．only aspirin can effectively help relieve people of many emotional problems
C．people who are hard–working are more likely to get depression
D．we have a long way to go before depression can be satisfying treated
8．Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage ( ①—⑤ represent Para 1—5 )
A． B． C． D．
二、第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques
Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life. 9． . We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life.
Start small
The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes. 10． . Instead, stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target.
The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.
11．
Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven't made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you've done and encourages you to keep going.
Exercise your willpower
12． . Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain.
The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective. 13． , and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.
A. Build a support system
B. Measure your goals
C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand
D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people
E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management
F. However, it is easier said than done
G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day
三、第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At least thirty times Bobby had tried to climb the snowy mountain, but he had never 14． the top. His friend old Peeper, who knew a lot about his failures, 15． Bobby to try again. He gave Bobby a pair of 16． and said, "If it starts clouding over, put on the glasses, or if your feet start hurting, put them on too. The glasses are very 17． . They'll help you." Bobby 18． the gift without much thought.
The day came when he was to have another 19． . About two hours after he started, he felt his feet hurting. Then he 20． what Peeper had said, and put on the glasses. The pain was pretty bad, but 21． the sunglasses he could clearly see the snow-covered mountain top, so he went on.
22． , clouds were gathering. But this time Bobby could still see the 23． through the clouds. He kept 24． , leaving the clouds behind, forgetting his pain, and finally arriving at the top. It was certainly worth it. His feeling of 25． was extremely good, almost as great as that 26． view. The mountain below was surrounded by a sea of clouds. He couldn't believe that the clouds were as 27． as that, so he looked more closely at the sunglasses, and discovered the 28． . Peeper had engraved(镌刻) the snow-covered mountain top on the sunglasses, 29． Bobby could see it when he was looking upwards!
Bobby 30． that the only obstacle(障碍) to reaching the top had been losing 31． when he couldn't see the mountain top. He was thankful that Peeper had used that little 32． to help him see that his 33． was never impossible, and that it was still there, where it had always been.
14．A． left B． reached C． jumped D． ran
15．A． encouraged B． ordered C． allowed D． warned
16．A． gloves B． trousers
C． shoes D． sunglasses
17．A． real B． safe
C． special D． expensive
18．A． sent B． gave C． accepted D． got
19．A． try B． start
C． test D． training
20．A． remembered B． expressed
C． shouted D． regretted
21．A． under B． with C． for D． about
22．A． Happily B． Hopefully
C． Unfortunately D． Unnecessarily
23．A． friend B． top
C． climber D． village
24．A． running B． swimming C． climbing D． flying
25．A． success B． decision
C． freedom D． friendship
26．A． strong B． popular
C． bad D． wonderful
27．A． cool B． natural C． thick D． wide
28．A． way B． words C． book D． secret
29．A． and B． or C． if D． though
30．A． suggested B． realized
C． expected D． announced
31．A． love B． help C． face D． heart
32．A． trick B． word
C． plan D． opinion
33．A． position B． lesson C． aim D． story
四、第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are many great destinations in the UK, one of 34． is the South-West of England. The most popular regions surrounding the South-West 35． (be) the counties of Devon and Cornwall. They are by the coast and known for having some of 36． sunniest weather in the UK.
In the heart of the South-West, Dartmoor National Park 37． (vote) the UK's favourite in 2016. There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from which will lead you 38． (discover) Dartmoofs ancient and rugged (崎岖的) charm!
In the South-West you will find plenty of attractive and often deserted 39． (beach). Some examples include Whitesand Bay in Cornwall and Woolacombe beach in Devon. If you don't mind the 40． ( slight) cooler temperatures than other beach destinations in Europe, you are in for a real treat!
Apart from 41． ( surround) by beautiful nature, the South-West is full of urban gems (精华). The city of Exeter in Devon has great centers, as well as lots of cafes 42． pubs. Cornwall has its own treasures too—pretty villages and towns such as St Ives and Mousehole line the coastline, and make for the perfect locations to spend those 43． (relax) summer afternoons!
五、第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
44．假设你是学生李华。为响应今年政府工作报告中提出的"提倡全民阅读，建设书香社会"的号召，你班将举行一次班会，就此话题展开讨论。请你用英语写一篇发言稿。
内容要点：1. 全民阅读"的好处；2. 就开展"全民阅读"活动提出具体的建议。
注意：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 文章开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：书香社会nation of avid readers
Boys and girls，
That's all.
Thank you.
六、第二节 概要写作（满分25分）
45．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Have you heard an old saying "The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence" It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. "Let's go to KFC for dinner and then watch some Japanese cartoons!" We all know it: more and more Chinese kids love American and Japanese food and movies. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring（忽视）Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating western holidays.
Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with the Mid-Autumn Festival. China has lots of cool things in its culture: calligraphy, Beijing Opera, quick meals on the streets, and even Jay Chou! And let's not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.
It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It's good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn't always greener.
Although some people become worried about that, I don't think they should. Will we get more powerful without learning from other countries Will Chinese people live more happily without American fast food Besides, it's fun to learn about different cultures. Chinese kids can learn about other cultures and have fun, but they also need to learn more about their own culture. Be proud of Chinese culture and of being Chinese!
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，就关于方言是否应该允许在广播中使用这一话题展开了讨论。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇生活类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"but should dialects be allowed on air "但方言是否应该允许在广播中使用 提出这一问题可知，引用流行节目主持人是为了介绍文章的话题，故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"To attract viewers or make more money, some hosts casually use dialects. "为了吸引观众或者赚更多的钱，一些主持人随意地使用方言。可知他认为是为了吸引观众的目的，主持人随意地使用方言，故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The popularity of some dialects in some areas will not challenge the leading role of Mandarin in the whole country. "一些方言在一些地区的流行并不会挑战普通话在全国的主导地位；以及第四段中的"It would be a pity if future generations were unable to understand the local dialects. It would be a terrible break in cultural traditions. "如果后代不能理解当地方言，那将是一件憾事。这将是对文化传统的严重破坏。可知Bcnu 和 Cooper都是支持方言的使用的，故选B。
4．【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章讨论了给送货司机小费的问题。
（1）细节理解题。根据第三段However, most other delivery services say on their websites that tipping is not required. Some services, like Door Dash, do suggest no tip on their checkout window.可知给送货司机小费没有被广泛接受。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。对比文中小费的额度可知Grubhub的网站则显示了5美元或20%的小费。是小费最高的，故选C。
（3）观点态度题。根据整篇文章的描述可以看出作者对于给小费是支持的态度。故选D。
【点评】阅读理解观点态度题解题技巧：（1）最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2 两句—--即短文的主题句，或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句……即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。（2）记叙文等需要通读全文，抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思（常说明一个道理）。（3）全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是 以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点。
【答案】5．D
6．B
7．D
8．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了抑郁症的形成过程以及科学家们对治疗抑郁症的药物的研究。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和篇章结构四个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段"In the past two decades, researchers have tied depression to a seemingly unrelated condition: inflammation(炎症), the body's natural response to stress. It could rise from injury or inflection, or even emotional issues like an unhappy marriage or problems at work. Some amount of inflammation is generally beneficial, as it increases production of cytokines(致癌因子)，proteins that help us heal and protect us from the effects of overwork."在过去的二十年里，研究人员将抑郁症与一种看似无关的疾病联系起来：炎症(炎症), 身体对压力的自然反应。它可能是由伤害或变化引起的，甚至是情感问题，如婚姻不幸福或工作中的问题。一定量的炎症通常是有益的，因为它会增加细胞因子的产生，细胞因子是帮助我们愈合并保护我们免受过度工作影响的蛋白质；以及第三段" But excessive cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggests that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression. "但过度的细胞因子水平及其引发的炎症可能是有代价的——许多研究表明，高水平的细胞因子可能会导致抑郁症。可知，感染导致炎症，而炎症产生致癌因子，而过量的致癌因子导致抑郁症，故选D。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第三段知道"cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggests that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression."可知，但是致癌因子水平过高，以及由此引发的炎症，可能以一定的代价出现，研究表明致癌因子水平过高可能会导致抑郁症，可推知画线词 excessive 的意思是"过量的、过多的"，故选B。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels, or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression."可知，Andrew Miller教授和他的同事们想知道这些药物的效果是否仅限于致癌因子水平高的抑郁症患者或是否对所有被诊断为抑郁症的人都有帮助，可推断，在抑郁症得到满意的治疗之前还有很长的路要走（很多工作要做），故选D。
8．考查篇章结构。通读全文可知，第一段为总论，指出抑郁症是一种非常可怕的疾病，很多患者对治疗抑郁症的药物都没有反应，第二、三段介绍了为抑郁症的形成过程，第四段介绍了致癌因子通过几种途径到达大脑，第五段介绍了科学家们研究治疗抑郁症的药物，故选D。
【答案】9．C；10．G；11．A；12．D；13．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三个自律技巧。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
9．根据空前" Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life. "自律是通向更健康、更快乐、更成功生活的关键；以及空后" We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. ""我们在下面分享了一些自律技巧。C. However, it is easier said than done."然而，说起来容易做起来难。"承上启下，该项中的However表示该句与上文构成转折关系。故选C。
10．根据空前" The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes. ""千里之行，始于足下；以及空后" Instead, stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target."相反，耐力是通过比前一天的目标多做一点来建立的。承接上下文，G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day."你不会在第一天跑10公里来训练马拉松。"符合语境，故选G。
11．根据空后" Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven't made any progress so far. "保持自律需要动力。如果你觉得到目前为止你还没有取得任何进展，你很难保持积极性。A. Measure your goals."测量你的目标。"概括其内容，符合语境，故选A。
12．根据本段小标题"Exercise your willpower"锻炼你的意志力；以及空后"Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain. "有时候，坚持完成任务是很困难的，但是通过提醒自己目标的意义和目标对你的意义，你就可以忽略暂时的诱惑而获得长期的利益。D. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand."意志力和自律是相辅相成的。"符合语境，故选D。
13．根据空前" The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective. "上述自律技巧已被证明是非常有效的；以及空后" and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life. "这是快乐充实生活的关键。承接上下文，F. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people."自律是许多成功人士的一个特征。"符合语境，故选F。
【答案】14．B；15．A；16．D；17．C；18．C；19．A；20．A；21．B；22．C；23．B；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．D；29．A；30．B；31．D；32．A；33．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Bobby多次尝试爬一座雪山，但都没成功。他的朋友Peeper用了一个小把戏帮助他成功地登上了山顶。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，介词，副词，连词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
14．句意：他尝试攀登这座雪山已经至少30次了，但他从来没有到达过山顶。A. left"留下"；B. reached "到达"；C. jumped"跳"；D. ran"跑"。根据下文可知他的目标是到达雪山山顶。故选B。
15．句意：他的朋友知道他多次失败，鼓励他再尝试一次。A. encouraged"鼓励"；B. ordered"命令"；C. allowed"允许"；D. warned"警告"。Peeper鼓励他，并且还送他一个礼物。故选A。
16．句意：他的朋友送给他一副墨镜。A. gloves"手套"；B. trousers"裤子"；C. shoes"鞋子"；D. sunglasses"墨镜"。 根据下文"Then he 7 what Peeper had said, and put on the glasses"可知，Peeper送他的是墨镜。故选D。
17．句意：Peeper告诉他，当天空云层密布的时候戴上它；当你的脚疼的时候，也戴上它。这副墨镜很特别，它可以帮助你。A. real"真的"；B. safe"安全的"；C. special"特殊的"；D. expensive"昂贵的"。根据Peeper的描述，应该是很特别的墨镜。故选C。
18．句意：他没有多想就接受了朋友的礼物。A. sent"送"；B. gave"给"；C. accepted"接受"；D. got"得到"。根据下文，他爬山时带上墨镜，可知他接受了Peeper的礼物。故选C。
19．句意：他再一次尝试登山的时间到了。A. try"尝试"；B. start"开始"；C. test"测试"；D. training"训练"。have a try 固定短语，"尝试"，故选A。
20．句意：他记起了朋友说的，带上了眼镜。A. remembered"记得"；B. expressed"表达"；C. forgot"忘记"；D. regretted"后悔"。他带上了墨镜，说明他记得朋友的话。故选A。
21．句意：戴上墨镜后他可以清楚地看到被雪覆盖的山顶。A. under"在……下面"；B. with"以，用，借助" ；C. for"为了"；D. about"大约"。with the sunglasses"借助墨镜"。故选B。
22．句意：不幸的是，云层开始积聚。A. Happily"高兴地"；B. Hopefully"有希望地"；C. Unfortunately "不幸的是"；D. Unnecessarily"没必要地"。云层开始聚集，看到山顶就不是那么容易。故选C。
23．句意：但是在这个时候他仍然可以透过云层看到山顶。A. friend"朋友"；B. top"顶端"；C. climber"攀爬者"；D. village"乡村"。根据上文"but 8 the sunglasses he could clearly see the snowcovered mountain top"可知是虽然云层厚，但是还是能看到山顶。故选B。
24．句意：他一直在攀登，把云层留在了身后。A. running"跑"；B. swimming"游泳"；C. climbing"攀爬"；D. flying"飞"。根据空后"and finally arriving at the top"可知他不停地攀登。故选C。
25．句意：成功的感觉很棒。A. success"成功"；B. decision"决定"；C. freedom"自由"；D. friendship"友情"。登到山顶是他的目标，他终于成功了。故选A。
26．句意：成功的感觉很棒，就像在山顶看到的绝妙的景色一样好。A. strong"健壮的"；B. popular"大众的"；C. bad"坏的"；D. wonderful"极好的"。登到山顶，看到了美丽的景色。故选D。
27．句意：他不能相信云层竟然如此的厚。A. cool"凉爽的"；B. natural"自然的"；C. thick"厚的"；D. wide"宽的"。根据上文"The mountain below was surrounded by a sea of clouds"他脚下的山都被云海所笼罩，可知他觉得云层很厚。故选C。
28．句意：他仔细地看眼镜，然后发现了其中的秘密。A. way"方法"；B. words"词语"；C. book "书"；D. secret"秘密"。不管在什么情况下Bobby都能看到山顶，此时他才知道其中的原因。故选D。
29．句意：Pepper已经将白雪覆盖的山顶刻在眼镜上，这样Bobby往上看的时候就能看到它。A. and "和，并且"；B. or"或者"；C. if"如果"；D. though"尽管"。这两句前后是并列递进关系，故选A。
30．句意：他意识到他到达山顶的唯一障碍是失去了信心。A. suggested"建议"；B. realized"意识到"；C. expected"期望"；D. announced"通知"。Bobby此时意识到他曾经失败的原因。故选B。
31．句意：他意识到他到达山顶的障碍是没有信心。A. love"热爱"；B. help"帮助"；C. face"脸"；D. heart"心"。lose heart固定短语" 丧失信心"。故选D。
32．句意：他很感激朋友用了一个小把戏就帮助他明白了实现目标不是不可能的。A. trick"花招，把戏"；B.word"话"；C. plan"计划"；D. opinion"意见"。这都是Peeper想出来的计谋。故选A。
33．句意：他的朋友用了一个小把戏就帮助他明白了实现目标不是不可能的。A. position"位置"；B. lesson"教训"；C. aim"目标"；D. story"故事"。他终于实现了登上山顶的目标，是Peeper让他知道目标是可以实现的。故选C。
【答案】34．which；35．are；36．the；37．was voted；38．to discover；39．beaches；40．slightly；41．being sunounded；42．and；43．relaxing
【知识点】说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的旅游圣地西南部最受欢迎的地区是德文郡和康沃尔郡。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，时态，主谓一致，冠词，时态语态，非谓语动词，名词，副词，连词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
34．句意：英国有许多很棒的目的地，其中之一是英格兰西南部。 one of is the South-West of England是非限制性定语从句，先行词是destinations，关系词在从句中与one of 一起作主宾语，且位于介词of之后，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
35．句意：西南部最受欢迎的地区是德文郡和康沃尔郡。此处主语是The most popular regions，谓语动词应使用复数形式，且描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填are。
36．句意：它们位于海岸边，以拥有英国阳光最充足的天气而闻名。此处形容词最高级前要加定冠词。故填the。
37．句意：达特穆尔国家公园位于英国西南部的心脏地带，2016年被评为英国最受欢迎的公园。此处是谓语动词，根据句意，应用被动语态，再根据时间状语in 2016可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was voted。
38．句意：这里有很多令人惊叹的散步可供选择，让你发现达特穆夫古老而粗犷的魅力！lead sb. to do sth.固定短语，"引导某人做某事"。故填to discover。
39．句意：在西南部，你会发现许多迷人的、经常空无一人的海滩。根据空前plenty of及beach"沙滩"是可数名词可知，此处应用名词复数。故填beaches。
40．句意：如果你不介意比欧洲其他海滩目的地略冷的温度，你会得到真正的享受！此处修饰形容词cooler，应使用副词。故填slightly。
41．句意：西南部除了被美丽的自然所包围之外，还充满了城市的精华。此处与the South-West是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动式，因位于介词from后，应用动名词的被动式。故填being surrounded。
42．句意：德文郡的埃克塞特市有很棒的中心，还有很多咖啡馆和酒吧。此处的cafes和pubs是并列关系，意为"一些咖啡馆和小酒馆"。故填and。
43．句意：句意：康沃尔也有自己的宝藏——美丽的村庄和城镇，如圣艾夫斯和鼠洞，沿着海岸线排列，是度过那些放松的夏日午后的完美地点！此处形容词修饰名词 summer afternoons ，作定语relaxing"放松的"。故填relaxing。
44．【答案】Boy and girls,
In this year's Government Work Report, people are called on to read more books and build a nation of avid readers. I think it is necessary.
As we know, reading is a way to gain knowledge and know about the world. Through reading, people can improve their cultural qualities.
I think schools can organize various activities to promote reading interest among students. As to us, I suggest our class set up a book corner at the ack of the classroom, to which every one of us can donate. some books. In this way we can read as many books as possible.
That's all.
Thank you
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇发言稿。写作背景：为响应今年政府工作报告中提出的"提倡全民阅读，建设书香社会"的号召，你班将举行一次班会，就此话题展开讨论。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 全民阅读"的好处；2. 就开展"全民阅读"活动提出具体的建议。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： In this year's Government Work Report, people are called on to read more books and build a nation of avid readers. 运用了被动语态；I think it is necessary. 运用了宾语从句； As we know，reading is a way to gain knowledge and know about the world. 运用了非限制性定语从句； I think schools can organize various activities to promote reading interest among students. 运用了宾语从句；As to us, I suggest our class set up a book corner at the ack of the classroom，to which every one of us can donate some books. . 运用了宾语从句，虚拟语气。
45．【答案】Many young Chinese prefer foreign items, considering them to be better.(要点 1)Nevertheless, Chinese culture is equally good, colorful and even more meaningful, such as its festivals, calligraphy and friendliness.(要点 2)Foreign cultures, which are not always good, can never replace your own culture.(要点3)In a word, Chinese kids need to learn more and take pride in Chinese culture while enjoying other cultures.(要点 4)
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了许多中国年轻人更喜欢外国文化，认为外国的东西更好。然而，中国文化同样是丰富多彩的和有意义的，比如中国的传统节日、书法和友爱精神。外国文化也并不总是好的，它不能取代我们自己的文化。对于中国的孩子来说，在享受其他国家的文化的同时，也要多学习中国文化，以中国文化为荣。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Many young Chinese prefer foreign items, considering them to be better.运用了现在分词作状语； Foreign cultures, which are not always good, can never replace your own culture.运用了非限制性定语从句；In a word, Chinese kids need to learn more and take pride in Chinese culture while enjoying other cultures.运用了时间状语从句的省略。
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