高中试卷答案网乌鲁木齐市101中学高一第一学期期中考试英语试卷
(完卷时间:110分钟)
第一节阅读(满分37.5分)
A
Do you know how children in other countries spend their schooldays and what kind of games they always play
Children in Brazil
School The school year runs from February to December. Children attend (上学) school for about four hours in the morning or the afternoon. About a quarter of children in Brazil do not attend school at all.
Play Football is the most popular sport. Brazil’s beautiful beaches also make swimming and volleyball popular.
Family Brazilian families are often large. Nearly a third of the population is under eighteen!
Children in France
School The school day begins from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a two-hour lunch break. Schools close on Wednesday and Sunday, and are closed for a half day on Saturday.
Play Football, bicycling and tennis are favorite sports in France. In some areas, pelote, a traditional ball game, is also very popular.
Family Most French mothers work. The majority of preschool (幼儿园) children attend day care centres known as crèches. France has laws about naming children and all names have to be chosen from an official list.
Children in Japan
School Schools in Japan are very competitive (竞争的). Even pre-schoolers may attend “cramming (填鸭式教学的) schools” to prepare for exams. There is a summer break about six weeks, but the children have homework during this time.
Play Comic books have been popular in Japan since the ics now account for about 40% of all published materials in Japan. Kite flying is enjoyed by people of every age.
Family Homes in Japan are small on average. The typical family of four lives in five small rooms. Most fathers in Japan work long hours. As a result, some children only see their fathers on weekends or holidays.
1. What kind of sport is very popular in France
① Kite flying. ② Bicycling. ③ Football. ④ Pelote.
A. ②③④ B. ①②③
C. ①④ D. ①②③④
2. What is a crèche in France
A. Places with beautiful beaches.
B. The name of the place where French mothers work.
C. A day care centre for preschool children.
D. Cramming schools to improve children’s exam results.
3. In Japan, many children ________.
A. like to read comic books B. write their names on an official list
C only see their fathers on weekdays D. do not attend school
B
Sixteen years ago a boy gave me an important gift. It was a smile. It was the early autumn of my first year at a middle school and my old school was far away. As a result, no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and afraid to speak to anyone.
Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. I couldn’t talk with anyone about my problems. Then one day, when my classmates were talking happily with their friends, I was sitting at my desk unhappily as usual. At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. I didn’t know who he was. He passed by me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile.
Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with other students and make friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now.
One day I asked him why he had smiled, but he couldn’t remember doing so! It doesn’t matter because all the dark days have gone. I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it is lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will smile back.
4. When did the writer get the gift
A. At the age of 16.
B. After making friends with the boy.
C. In the first year at a middle school.
D. After becoming closer to everyone in the class.
5. Why was the smile an important gift
A. Because the writer’s old school was far away.
B. Because the writer didn’t know who the boy was.
C. Because the smile didn’t mean anything to the boy.
D. Because it made the writer feel happy and warm.
6. Why didn’t the writer talk to anyone in her new school about her problems
A. Because she was always unhappy.
B. Because she didn’t know anyone at the time.
C. Because she was in the first year at the junior high school.
D. Because she didn’t want her parents to worry about her.
7. How did the smile change her life
A. She started to make friends.
B. She became the best friend of the boy.
C. Her parents didn’t worry about her any more.
D. She realized that she was lonely.
C
Very few people look forward to and enjoy exams. That doesn’t have to mean that you should be afraid of them, though. The following tips will help you get through that terrible exam period.
Here are eight steps to help you during exams:
1．Make sure you know how much time you will have in the exam and how many questions there will be. Then you can divide your time among the questions to make sure they all get answered.
2．When you’re doing an exam that involves long answers, it is a good idea to leave some space at the end of the answer so that you can add any extra comments that might come to mind when you reread your paper.
3．Don’t spend all of your time only on questions that you know answers to because you will get a worse mark for answering some questions very well and some not at all.
4．It is worth taking a little extra time to make sure that your handwriting is neat. The examiner will be able to read it！Try to avoid spelling mistakes too!
5．The more prepared you are，the more likely you are to succeed.
6．Keep calm. If you feel yourself getting worried, take a deep breath.
7．Don’t try to discuss the exam after you’ve finished it. If you’ve got different answers from your friends, there’s no point in worrying about it.
8．Once an exam is over, just forget about it. There is nothing more you can do about it. The best thing you can do is to go home and prepare for the next one.
8. The underlined word “avoid” in the passage most probably mean “______”．
A. check out
B. go over
C. think about
D. prevent sth. from happening
9. You can get a better mark if ______.
A. you spend all of your time on questions that you are good at
B. you talk about with your teachers before exams
C. you go over your notes carefully for the exam
D. you leave out the questions you don’t know the answers to
10. The passage is probably written for ______.
A. people who mark exam papers
B. people who take exams
C. high school teachers
D. language learners
11. Which of the following will NOT help you to deal with exams
A. Divide your time among the questions during the exam.
B. Take a deep breath when you feel worried.
C. Keep your handwriting neat.
D. Discuss the answers with your friends after exams.
D
Diners in Japan could soon be able to taste the flavour of a bowl of soup without having to worry about their salt intake.
In what they claim is a world first, researchers have developed chopsticks that artificially create the taste of salt, as part of efforts to reduce sodium (钠) levels in some of the country’s most popular dishes.
The chopsticks work by using electrical stimulation (刺激) and a mini-computer worn on the eater’s wristband. The device (设备) transmits sodium ions (离子) from food, through the chopsticks, to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness, according to Homei Miyashita, a professor at Meiji University in Tokyo, whose laboratory developed the device. The team said they hoped to make the chopsticks available to consumers (消费者) next year. Miyashita said, “Our device could find large consumers in Japan, where the traditional diet tends to be high in salt due to the use of ingredients such as soy sauce (酱油).”
The average Japanese adult consumes about 10 grams of salt a day, double the amount recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The health ministry has proposed reducing daily salt intake to a maximum of 7.5 grams for men and 6.5 grams for women.
The chopsticks use “very weak electricity — not enough to affect the human body — to adjust the function of ions to change the perception of taste by making food seem to taste stronger or weaker“, Kirin said in a statement. Miyashita and Kirin said clinical tests on people who follow a low-sodium diet had confirmed that the device increases the salty taste of low-sodium food by about 1.5 times. They said participants given reduced-salt soup had commented on the improved ”richness, sweetness and overall tastiness“ of the dish.
High salt intake can contribute to high blood pressure, which is the single biggest cause of heart attacks and strokes. “To prevent these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. “If we try to avoid taking more salt in a conventional way, we would need to bear the pain of cutting our favourite food from our diet, or bear eating tasteless food.”
12. What can we know about the chopsticks
A. They are difficult to use.
B. They are already on the market now.
C. They will affect the human body seriously.
D. They are different from traditional chopsticks.
13. What did Miyashita think of the future market of their device
A Promising. B. Hopeless. C. Worrying. D. Unpredictable.
14. What’s the daily amount of salt recommended by WHO every adult
A. About 10 grams. B. About 7.5 grams. C. About 6.5 grams. D. About 5 grams.
15. What’s the best title of the text
A. Traditional Japanese Diet Is High in Salt
B. High Salt Intake Can Result in Many Diseases
C. Japanese People Keep Fit by Using a New Device
D. “Electric” Chopsticks Can Make Food Seem More Salty
第二节七选五(满分12.5.分)
Meeting people is the first step to make friends. ___16___ Here are some useful tips.
Make small talk even if you don’t feel like it
Small talk can make people feel false and meaningless. ___17___ By making small talk, you show that you’re friendly and open to communicating. In that way, small talk helps you to make the first connection with potential (潜在的) new friends. If someone doesn’t make any small talk, we might think that they don’t want to make friends with us, that they don’t like us, or that they’re in a bad mood.
___18___
When you talk to someone new and realize that you have similar interests, the conversation usually goes from stiff (生硬的) to fun and interesting. Therefore, make it a habit to find out if you have any mutual interests or something in common. You can do this by mentioning things that interest you and seeing how they answer.
Don’t write people off until you know them
Don’t judge people too quickly. Try not to think that they are shallow (肤浅的), boring, or that you have nothing to talk about. If everyone seems uninterested, it might be because you have been in small talk. ___19___
Make people like being around you
When you try to make people like you, it will become easier for you to make friends. ___20___ If we are with someone with a positive experience, we like that person more.
A. But it does have a purpose.
B. Help people get to know you.
C Being used to talking to people is important.
D. Figure out what you might have in common.
E. If you only make small talk, everyone will sound shallow.
F. But how do you actually become friends with someone
G. When you make sure that people like being around you, they will like you.
第三节完形(满分15分)
The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat (汗水) was pouring off our backs and faces. We stood still without ___21___ any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
It was ___22___ most high schools give to new Senior One students-military training. We ___23___ four days in a closed environment. Although we couldn’t go home at night and the training was ___24___ and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant (教官) with a funny accent was a real ___25___ of our days. We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and ___26___ him telling true stories about his life. He gave us the feeling that ___27___ and sweat were not the only things that military training ___28___ .
After this journey, we were more ___29___ than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had ___30___ . Girls who looked pale rested for a little while, then right away came back to the team. Boys who were being punished ___31___ to the playground at once and began to run. Sweat flowed down our faces when we thought about how to shout ___32___ than other classes.
Military training taught us perseverance (不懈) and determination. On the last day of our training, the confidence could be ___33___ on our faces. We shouted so loud that our ___34___ could be heard across the heavens. With eyes like burning torches (火炬) , we walked into the future. Now the sun is ___35___ at all of us.
21.
A. crying B. making C. sending D. telling
22.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
23.
A. wasted B. spent C. kept D. took
24.
A. strict B. curious C. interesting D. normal
25.
A. success B. pleasure C. worry D. wonder
26.
A. referred to B. devoted to C. turned to D. listened to
27.
A. sunlight B. wealth C. desire D. health
28.
A. received B. helped C. offered D. happened
29.
A. concerned B. determined C. interested D. surprised
30.
A expected B. expressed C. disliked D. rescued
31.
A. escaped B. moved C. rode D. rushed
32.
A. larger B. stronger C. louder D. lower
33.
A. seen B. heard C. smelt D. touched
34.
A. thoughts B. feelings C. opinions D. voices
35.
A. travelling B. falling C. setting D. smiling
第四节语法填空(满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The guzheng is one of the ___36___(popular) instruments in China. It has ___37___ history of more than 2,500 years. The earliest records of the guzheng ___38___(find) in the Warring States Period (战国时期). The musical instrument later became a ___39___(wide) played instrument in China and found ___40___(it) way to other countries.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the guzheng and a number of other traditional Chinese instruments experienced a major overhaul (改造) to expand their sound range and improve their expressiveness. The redesign of the guzheng was led by Professor Wang Xunzhi from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music. ___41___ the help of his students, he recorded a large number of traditional guzheng music. Wang spent a few years ___42___(design) the new guzheng and completed it in 1958.
The new instrument ___43___ is commonly used today, is 160 centimeters long and has 21 strings (弦). The most important change is the new set of strings that are made of steel coated with nylon. This allows the instrument ___44___(produce) a greater sound similar to that of a piano. Most guzheng ___45___(performer) use this kind today.
第五节写作(共两节)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom来信说，因为学习忙、锻炼少，他最近经常生病，这影响了他的学习。请你给他写一封信，要点包括：
1．锻炼的重要性；
2．锻炼有利于学习；
3．提出锻炼的建议。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the spare time, Mrs Green always asked her sons, Alan and John to help their neighbor, Ms Maud, to clean her house because she was too old to do it herself. They helped Ms Maud throughout the spring.
Summer vacation just began. The two brothers planned to play tennis with friends every day, so they could make the freshman team. However, Alan’s racket (球拍) was lost, which disappointed him a lot.
As usual, Alan and John came to Ms Maud’s house to help her. They went down the block to the Ms Maud’s and got started. Before cleaning, John put boxes that were thrown around the garage (车库) floor on shelves. When John put a big box on a shelf, he found a tennis racket in the box. It was a new racket, which was exactly what Alan wanted.
“You’ve got to see this.” John took out the tennis racket and showed it to Alan.
“Whoa, where did you get that ” Alan asked. John pointed to the shelf, “It was just in the box over there.” Alan continued to say, “It is so beautiful. My tennis racket was missing. If we take it, I believe no one will ever know.” He looked at the garage door, which was closed.
But John didn’t think it’s a good idea, “Well, we do a lot of things for Ms Maud and don’t get paid. It’s not really stealing. It’s a kind of payment for our hard work,” said Alan. Without hesitation (犹豫), John looked at the racket, took it from Alan’s hand and put it back in the box.
“Hello, boys.” At that time, Ms Maud walked into the garage, surprising them. “I’ve made a cake. Can you come in for a piece I really appreciate all the things you do for me.” “Ugh... sure, Ms Maud,” said John. “Let us finish up and we’ll be right in.” Ms Maud went back to her house.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then, John told Alan that Ms Maud always rewarded (奖励) them for helping her.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After Alan and John finished the cake, Ms Maud walked in and handed Alan a new tennis racket.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________乌鲁木齐市101中学高一第一学期期中考试英语试卷
(完卷时间:110分钟)
第一节阅读(满分37.5分)
A
Do you know how children in other countries spend their schooldays and what kind of games they always play
Children in Brazil
School The school year runs from February to December. Children attend (上学) school for about four hours in the morning or the afternoon. About a quarter of children in Brazil do not attend school at all.
Play Football is the most popular sport. Brazil’s beautiful beaches also make swimming and volleyball popular.
Family Brazilian families are often large. Nearly a third of the population is under eighteen!
Children in France
School The school day begins from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a two-hour lunch break. Schools close on Wednesday and Sunday, and are closed for a half day on Saturday.
Play Football, bicycling and tennis are favorite sports in France. In some areas, pelote, a traditional ball game, is also very popular.
Family Most French mothers work. The majority of preschool (幼儿园) children attend day care centres known as crèches. France has laws about naming children and all names have to be chosen from an official list.
Children in Japan
School Schools in Japan are very competitive (竞争的). Even pre-schoolers may attend “cramming (填鸭式教学的) schools” to prepare for exams. There is a summer break about six weeks, but the children have homework during this time.
Play Comic books have been popular in Japan since the ics now account for about 40% of all published materials in Japan. Kite flying is enjoyed by people of every age.
Family Homes in Japan are small on average. The typical family of four lives in five small rooms. Most fathers in Japan work long hours. As a result, some children only see their fathers on weekends or holidays.
1. What kind of sport is very popular in France
① Kite flying. ② Bicycling. ③ Football. ④ Pelote.
A. ②③④ B. ①②③
C. ①④ D. ①②③④
2. What is a crèche in France
A. Places with beautiful beaches.
B. The name of the place where French mothers work.
C. A day care centre for preschool children.
D. Cramming schools to improve children’s exam results.
3. In Japan, many children ________.
A. like to read comic books B. write their names on an official list
C. only see their fathers on weekdays D. do not attend school
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。你知道其他国家的孩子是怎样度过他们的学生时代的吗？他们经常玩什么游戏？文章从学校、娱乐和家庭三方面对巴西、法国、日本的孩子进行了介绍。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Children in France部分中Football, bicycling and tennis are favorite sports in France. In some areas, pelote, a traditional ball game, is also very popular.（足球、自行车和网球是法国人最喜欢的运动。在一些地区，pelote，一种传统的球类运动也很受欢迎）可知，足球、自行车、网球和pelote在法国很受欢迎。故选A。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。根据Children in France部分中的Most French mothers work. The majority of preschool (幼儿园) children attend day care centres known as crèches.（大多数法国母亲都工作。大多数学龄前儿童参加被称之为crèches的日托中心）可知，crèche是学龄前儿童参加的日托中心的另一种称呼。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Children in Japan部分中的Comic books have been popular in Japan since the ics now account for about 40% of all published materials in Japan.（漫画书从18世纪开始在日本流行起来。漫画现在占日本所有出版材料的40%）可知，漫画在日本的影响面很大。由此可推知，在日本，许多孩子应该也是喜欢看漫画书的。故选A。
【点睛】做阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。如第1小题，要求找出法国最受欢迎的运动是哪几类。根据Children in France部分中的Football, bicycling and tennis are favorite sports in France. In some areas, pelote, a traditional ball game, is also very popular.（足球、自行车和网球是法国人最喜欢的运动。在一些地区，pelote，一种传统的球类运动也很受欢迎）可知，足球、自行车、网球和pelote在法国很受欢迎。结合选项，故选A。
B
Sixteen years ago a boy gave me an important gift. It was a smile. It was the early autumn of my first year at a middle school, and my old school was far away. As a result, no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and afraid to speak to anyone.
Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. I couldn’t talk with anyone about my problems. Then one day, when my classmates were talking happily with their friends, I was sitting at my desk unhappily as usual. At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. I didn’t know who he was. He passed by me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile.
Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with other students and make friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now.
One day I asked him why he had smiled, but he couldn’t remember doing so! It doesn’t matter because all the dark days have gone. I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it is lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will smile back.
4. When did the writer get the gift
A. At the age of 16.
B. After making friends with the boy.
C. In the first year at a middle school.
D. After becoming closer to everyone in the class.
5. Why was the smile an important gift
A. Because the writer’s old school was far away.
B. Because the writer didn’t know who the boy was.
C. Because the smile didn’t mean anything to the boy.
D. Because it made the writer feel happy and warm.
6. Why didn’t the writer talk to anyone in her new school about her problems
A. Because she was always unhappy.
B. Because she didn’t know anyone at the time.
C. Because she was in the first year at the junior high school.
D. Because she didn’t want her parents to worry about her.
7. How did the smile change her life
A. She started to make friends.
B. She became the best friend of the boy.
C. Her parents didn’t worry about her any more.
D. She realized that she was lonely.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在上高中时由于一个男孩子的微笑从而鼓起勇气开始和同学们成为朋友的故事，通过这个故事作者领悟到只有微笑面对世界，才能赢得更多的微笑。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Sixteen years ago a boy gave me an important gift. It was the early autumn of my first year at a middle school, and my old school was far away.”（16年前，一个男孩送给我一份重要的礼物。那是我上中学第一年的初秋，我的母校离我很远。）可知，作者得到礼物是在上中学的第一年。故选C项。
5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It made me feel happy and warm.”（它让我感到快乐和温暖。）可知，这个微笑是重要礼物的原因是它让作者感到温暖和快乐。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“As a result, no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and afraid to speak to anyone.”（结果，没人知道我是谁。我很孤独，不敢和任何人说话。）及第二段“Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. I couldn’t talk with anyone about my problems.”（每次我听到其他学生的谈笑，我都感到心碎。我不能和任何人谈论我的问题。）可知，作者没有和她新学校的任何人谈论她的问题的原因是因为她当时不认识任何人。故选B项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“I started to talk with other students and make friends.”（我开始和其他学生交谈并交朋友。）可知，这个微笑使作者发生的改变是她开始去交朋友。故选A项。
C
Very few people look forward to and enjoy exams. That doesn’t have to mean that you should be afraid of them though. The following tips will help you get through that terrible exam period.
Here are eight steps to help you during exams:
1．Make sure you know how much time you will have in the exam and how many questions there will be. Then you can divide your time among the questions to make sure they all get answered.
2．When you’re doing an exam that involves long answers, it is a good idea to leave some space at the end of the answer so that you can add any extra comments that might come to mind when you reread your paper.
3．Don’t spend all of your time only on questions that you know answers to because you will get a worse mark for answering some questions very well and some not at all.
4．It is worth taking a little extra time to make sure that your handwriting is neat. The examiner will be able to read it！Try to avoid spelling mistakes too!
5．The more prepared you are，the more likely you are to succeed.
6．Keep calm. If you feel yourself getting worried, take a deep breath.
7．Don’t try to discuss the exam after you’ve finished it. If you’ve got different answers from your friends, there’s no point in worrying about it.
8．Once an exam is over, just forget about it. There is nothing more you can do about it. The best thing you can do is to go home and prepare for the next one.
8. The underlined word “avoid” in the passage most probably mean “______”．
A. check out
B. go over
C. think about
D. prevent sth. from happening
9. You can get a better mark if ______.
A. you spend all of your time on questions that you are good at
B. you talk about with your teachers before exams
C. you go over your notes carefully for the exam
D. you leave out the questions you don’t know the answers to
10. The passage is probably written for ______.
A. people who mark exam papers
B. people who take exams
C. high school teachers
D. language learners
11. Which of the following will NOT help you to deal with exams
A. Divide your time among the questions during the exam.
B. Take a deep breath when you feel worried.
C. Keep your handwriting neat.
D. Discuss the answers with your friends after exams.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。作者就如何度过可怕的考试期间这一问题给出了一些建议。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Try to avoid spelling mistakes too!”（也要尽量avoid拼写错误！）可知，要避免犯拼写错误，由此可知，划线单词“avoid”的意思是“避免，阻止……的发生”，故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五点建议“The more prepared you are，the more likely you are to succeed.”（你准备得越充分，成功的可能性就越大。）可知如果你仔细地复习笔记，你就会取得更好的分数，故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段“Very few people look forward to and enjoy exams.That doesn’t have to mean that you should be afraid of them，though.The following tips will help you get through that terrible exam period. Here are eight steps to help you during exams”（很少有人期待和享受考试。但这并不意味着你应该害怕他们。下面的建议将帮助你度过那段糟糕的考试时期。这里有八个步骤来帮助你在考试期间:）可推知，这篇文章是写给准备参加考试的人们，故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七点建议“Don’t try to discuss the exam after you’ve finished it.If you’ve got different answers from your friends，there’s no point in worrying about it.”（不要试图在考试结束后讨论这个问题。如果你从朋友那里得到了不同的答案，那么担心是没有意义的。）可知，考完试后，不要谈论考试答案，故选D。
D
Diners in Japan could soon be able to taste the flavour of a bowl of soup without having to worry about their salt intake.
In what they claim is a world first, researchers have developed chopsticks that artificially create the taste of salt, as part of efforts to reduce sodium (钠) levels in some of the country’s most popular dishes.
The chopsticks work by using electrical stimulation (刺激) and a mini-computer worn on the eater’s wristband. The device (设备) transmits sodium ions (离子) from food, through the chopsticks, to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness, according to Homei Miyashita, a professor at Meiji University in Tokyo, whose laboratory developed the device. The team said they hoped to make the chopsticks available to consumers (消费者) next year. Miyashita said, “Our device could find large consumers in Japan, where the traditional diet tends to be high in salt due to the use of ingredients such as soy sauce (酱油).”
The average Japanese adult consumes about 10 grams of salt a day, double the amount recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The health ministry has proposed reducing daily salt intake to a maximum of 7.5 grams for men and 6.5 grams for women.
The chopsticks use “very weak electricity — not enough to affect the human body — to adjust the function of ions to change the perception of taste by making food seem to taste stronger or weaker“, Kirin said in a statement. Miyashita and Kirin said clinical tests on people who follow a low-sodium diet had confirmed that the device increases the salty taste of low-sodium food by about 1.5 times. They said participants given reduced-salt soup had commented on the improved ”richness, sweetness and overall tastiness“ of the dish.
High salt intake can contribute to high blood pressure, which is the single biggest cause of heart attacks and strokes. “To prevent these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. “If we try to avoid taking more salt in a conventional way, we would need to bear the pain of cutting our favourite food from our diet, or bear eating tasteless food.”
12. What can we know about the chopsticks
A. They are difficult to use.
B. They are already on the market now.
C. They will affect the human body seriously.
D. They are different from traditional chopsticks.
13. What did Miyashita think of the future market of their device
A. Promising. B. Hopeless. C. Worrying. D. Unpredictable.
14. What’s the daily amount of salt recommended by WHO every adult
A. About 10 grams. B. About 7.5 grams. C. About 6.5 grams. D. About 5 grams.
15. What’s the best title of the text
A. Traditional Japanese Diet Is High in Salt
B. High Salt Intake Can Result in Many Diseases
C. Japanese People Keep Fit by Using a New Device
D. “Electric” Chopsticks Can Make Food Seem More Salty
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，近日，日本研究人员开发出能增强咸味的电子筷子，可以帮助那些需要减少饮食中钠含量的人。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In what they claim is a world first, researchers have developed chopsticks that artificially create the taste of salt(研究人员开发出了一种人工制造盐味的筷子，他们声称这是世界上第一次)”可知，这种筷子不同于传统筷子，故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Miyashita said, ‘Our device could find large consumers in Japan, where the traditional diet tends to be high in salt due to the use of ingredients such as soy sauce (酱油).’(Miyashita说：‘我们的设备可能会在日本找到大量消费者，由于使用酱油等配料，日本的传统饮食往往含盐量很高。’)”可知，Miyashita认为这种设备的市场前景是充满希望的，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The average Japanese adult consumes about 10 grams of salt a day, double the amount recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).(日本成年人平均每天摄入约10克盐，是世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐量的两倍)”可知，世界卫生组织推荐每人每天食盐摄入量为5毫克，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段“In what they claim is a world first, researchers have developed chopsticks that artificially create the taste of salt, as part of efforts to reduce sodium (钠) levels in some of the country’s most popular dishes.(研究人员发明了一种人工制造盐味的筷子，他们声称这是世界上第一次，这是减少该国一些最受欢迎菜肴中钠含量的努力的一部分)”可知，文章主要讲述日本研究人员开发出能增强咸味的电子筷子，可以帮助那些需要减少饮食中钠含量的人，D项“‘电子’筷子会让食物看起来更咸”为最佳标题，故选D。
第二节七选五(满分12.5.分)
Meeting people is the first step to make friends. ___16___ Here are some useful tips.
Make small talk even if you don’t feel like it
Small talk can make people feel false and meaningless. ___17___ By making small talk, you show that you’re friendly and open to communicating. In that way, small talk helps you to make the first connection with potential (潜在的) new friends. If someone doesn’t make any small talk, we might think that they don’t want to make friends with us, that they don’t like us, or that they’re in a bad mood.
___18___
When you talk to someone new and realize that you have similar interests, the conversation usually goes from stiff (生硬的) to fun and interesting. Therefore, make it a habit to find out if you have any mutual interests or something in common. You can do this by mentioning things that interest you and seeing how they answer.
Don’t write people off until you know them
Don’t judge people too quickly. Try not to think that they are shallow (肤浅的), boring, or that you have nothing to talk about. If everyone seems uninterested, it might be because you have been in small talk. ___19___
Make people like being around you
When you try to make people like you, it will become easier for you to make friends. ___20___ If we are with someone with a positive experience, we like that person more.
A. But it does have a purpose.
B. Help people get to know you.
C. Being used to talking to people is important.
D. Figure out what you might have in common.
E. If you only make small talk, everyone will sound shallow.
F. But how do you actually become friends with someone
G. When you make sure that people like being around you, they will like you.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. D 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了如何与别人成为朋友的方法。
【16题详解】
根据后文“Here are some useful tips.(这里有一些有用的建议。)”可知，此处是指如何和某人成为朋友，所以选项F“但是怎样才能真正和别人成为朋友呢？”切合文意。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据前文“Small talk can make people feel false and meaningless.(闲聊会让人觉得虚伪和无意义。)”和后文“By making small talk, you show that you’re friendly and open to communicating.(通过闲聊，你可以表现出你很友好，乐于交流。)”可知，前后构成转折关系，且此处是指闲聊是有目的的，所以选项A“但它确实是有目的的。”切合文意。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Therefore, make it a habit to find out if you have any mutual interests or something in common. You can do this by mentioning things that interest you and seeing how they answer.(因此，养成一种习惯，看看你们是否有共同的兴趣或共同点。你可以提到你感兴趣的事情，看看他们是如何回答的。)”可知，此处是指要找到你和对方的共同点，所以选项D“找出你们可能有什么共同点”切合文意。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Try not to think that they are shallow (肤浅的), boring, or that you have nothing to talk about. If everyone seems uninterested, it might be because you have been in small talk.(试着不要认为他们肤浅，无聊，或者你们没有什么可谈的。如果每个人看起来都不感兴趣，那可能是因为你一直在闲聊。)”可知，此处是指只进行闲聊就只能了解到别人浅层次的地方，所以选项E“如果你只是闲聊，每个人听起来都会很肤浅。”切合文意。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据小标题“Make people like being around you(让人们喜欢和你在一起)”和后文“If we are with someone with a positive experience, we like that person more.(如果我们和有积极经历的人在一起，我们会更喜欢那个人。)”可知，此处是指让别人喜欢与你在一起，他们就会喜欢你，所以选项G“当你确保人们喜欢和你在一起时，他们就会喜欢你。”切合文意。故选G。
第三节完形(满分15分)
The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat (汗水) was pouring off our backs and faces. We stood still without ___21___ any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
It was ___22___ most high schools give to new Senior One students-military training. We ___23___ four days in a closed environment. Although we couldn’t go home at night and the training was ___24___ and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant (教官) with a funny accent was a real ___25___ of our days. We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and ___26___ him telling true stories about his life. He gave us the feeling that ___27___ and sweat were not the only things that military training ___28___ .
After this journey, we were more ___29___ than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had ___30___ . Girls who looked pale rested for a little while, then right away came back to the team. Boys who were being punished ___31___ to the playground at once and began to run. Sweat flowed down our faces when we thought about how to shout ___32___ than other classes.
Military training taught us perseverance (不懈) and determination. On the last day of our training, the confidence could be ___33___ on our faces. We shouted so loud that our ___34___ could be heard across the heavens. With eyes like burning torches (火炬) , we walked into the future. Now the sun is ___35___ at all of us.
21.
A. crying B. making C. sending D. telling
22.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
23.
A. wasted B. spent C. kept D. took
24.
A. strict B. curious C. interesting D. normal
25.
A. success B. pleasure C. worry D. wonder
26.
A. referred to B. devoted to C. turned to D. listened to
27.
A. sunlight B. wealth C. desire D. health
28.
A. received B. helped C. offered D. happened
29.
A. concerned B. determined C. interested D. surprised
30.
A. expected B. expressed C. disliked D. rescued
31.
A. escaped B. moved C. rode D. rushed
32.
A. larger B. stronger C. louder D. lower
33.
A. seen B. heard C. smelt D. touched
34.
A. thoughts B. feelings C. opinions D. voices
35.
A. travelling B. falling C. setting D. smiling
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者军训的经历，通过军训，作者变得更加自信，更有毅力和决心。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一动不动地站着，没有发出任何噪音，又热又累。A. crying哭泣；B. making制造；C. sending发送；D. telling告诉。根据下文提到的“military training”可知，我们正在进行军训，由此可知，军训时不能发出任何噪音，“make noise”意为“发出噪音”。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：这是大多数高中给高一新生做的事——军训。A. nothing没有什么；B. anything任何事物；C. something某事，某物；D. everything每件事。根据句中“military training”可知，军训是大多数高中让高一新生做的某件事，“something”意为“某事，某物”，符合语境。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在一个封闭的环境中度过了四天。A. wasted浪费；B. spent度过；C. kept保持；D. took取走。根据句中“four days”可知，军训是在封闭的环境中度过了四天，“spent”意为“度过”，符合语境。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们晚上不能回家，训练又严格又困难，但我们带着有趣口音的幽默的年轻教官是我们生活中真正的快乐。A. strict严格的；B. curious好奇的；C. interesting有趣的；D. normal正常的。根据句中“difficult”和生活常识可知，军训是严格的和困难的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们晚上不能回家，训练又严格又困难，但我们带着有趣口音的幽默的年轻教官是我们生活中真正的快乐。A. success成功；B. pleasure快乐；C. worry担心；D. wonder奇迹。根据下文“We laughed at his jokes”可知，我们听了教官的笑话后笑了，由此可知，他为我们带来了快乐。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们因他的笑话发笑，坐成一排唱着不同的歌，听他讲述自己生活的真实故事。A. referred to提到；B. devoted to致力于；C. turned to求助于；D. listened to听。根据句中“telling true stories about his life”可知，我们应该是听教官讲述故事。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给我们的感觉是，日晒和汗水不是军训提供的唯一东西。A. sunlight阳光；B. wealth财富；C. desire渴望；D. health健康。根据文章第一句话“The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat (汗水) was pouring off our backs and faces.”中的“The sun was shining brightly over our heads”和“sweat”可知，军训中有阳光和汗水，由此可知，句中指军训给我们提供的不止是阳光和汗水。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他给我们的感觉是，日晒和汗水不是军训提供的唯一东西。A. received收到；B. helped帮助；C. offered提供；D. happened发生。根据文章第一句话“The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat (汗水) was pouring off our backs and faces.”可知，军训中我们会接受阳光和汗水的洗礼，由此可知，句中指日晒和汗水不是军训提供的唯一东西。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过这段旅程，我们比想象中更加坚定，比我们预想的要勇敢得多。A. concerned担心的；B. determined坚定的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据下文“Military training taught us perseverance (坚持不懈) and determination.”可知，军训教会了我们毅力和决心，由此可知，我们比想象中更加坚定。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过这段旅程，我们比想象中更加坚定，比我们预想的要勇敢得多。A. expected预想；B. expressed表达；C. disliked不喜欢；D. rescued营救。根据句中“we had imagined”可知，句中把实际的自己和我们想象中的自己进行比较，由此可知，我们比自己预计的要勇敢得多，“expected”意为“预想”，与“imagined”呼应。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到惩罚的男孩们立刻冲向操场，开始跑步。A. escaped逃跑；B. moved移动；C. rode骑；D. rushed冲。根据句中“at once”和“began to run”可知，男孩们执行命令的速度很快，受到惩罚后立刻冲向操场，开始跑步，“rushed”意为“冲”，符合语境。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词/副词词义辨析。句意：当我们考虑如何比其他班级喊得更大声时，汗水顺着我们的脸流下来。A. larger更大的；B. stronger更强壮的；C. louder更大声地；D. lower更低声地。根据下文“We shouted so loud”可知，军训中我们喊得很大声，由此可知，句中指我们考虑如何比其他班级喊得更大声。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在训练的最后一天，我们的脸上可以看到自信。A. seen看见；B. heard听见；C. smelt闻到；D. touched触摸。根据句中“confidence”和“on our faces”可知，句中指经过军训，我们得脸上可以看到自信。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们大声喊口号，以至于我们的声音可以响彻云霄。A. thoughts想法；B. feelings感觉；C. opinions意见；D. voices嗓音。根据句中“We shouted so loud”可知，我们大声喊叫，所以我们的声音可以响彻云霄。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在太阳正对着我们所有人微笑。A. travelling旅行；B. falling落下；C. setting设置；D. smiling微笑。根据上文“Military training taught us perseverance (不懈) and determination.”可知，军训让我们更加自信，更有决心，由此可知，我们收获了很多，太阳也对着我们微笑，表达了积极美好的含义，“smiling”意为“微笑”，符合语境。故选D项。
第四节语法填空(满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The guzheng is one of the ___36___(popular) instruments in China. It has ___37___ history of more than 2,500 years. The earliest records of the guzheng ___38___(find) in the Warring States Period (战国时期). The musical instrument later became a ___39___(wide) played instrument in China and found ___40___(it) way to other countries.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the guzheng and a number of other traditional Chinese instruments experienced a major overhaul (改造) to expand their sound range and improve their expressiveness. The redesign of the guzheng was led by Professor Wang Xunzhi from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music. ___41___ the help of his students, he recorded a large number of traditional guzheng music. Wang spent a few years ___42___(design) the new guzheng and completed it in 1958.
The new instrument ___43___ is commonly used today, is 160 centimeters long and has 21 strings (弦). The most important change is the new set of strings that are made of steel coated with nylon. This allows the instrument ___44___(produce) a greater sound similar to that of a piano. Most guzheng ___45___(performer) use this kind today.
【答案】36. most popular
37. a 38. were found
39. widely 40. its
41. With 42. designing
43. which##that
44. to produce
45. performers
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。古筝是中国最受欢迎的乐器之一，文章介绍了古筝的历史和现状。
【36题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：古筝是中国最受欢迎的乐器之一。根据“one of”和“instruments in China”可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，所以应用形容词popular的最高级。故填most popular。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它有2500多年的历史。have a history of意为“有……的历史”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用冠词a。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：古筝最早的记载出现在战国时期。根据“The earliest records of the guzheng”可知，此处应用一般过去时。find和主语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were found。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：后来，这种乐器在中国被广泛使用，并传到了其他国家。此处修饰过去分词，应用副词widely表示“广泛地”，作状语。故填widely。
【40题详解】
考查代词。句意：后来，这种乐器在中国被广泛使用，并传到了其他国家。find one’s way to意为“到达”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示“它的”。故填its。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：在学生的帮助下，他录制了大量的传统古筝音乐。根据“he recorded a large number of traditional guzheng music”可知，此处是指在学生的帮助下，所以应用介词with表示“有”。句首首字母应大写。故填With。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：王花了几年时间设计新的古筝，并于1958年完成。spend...(in) doing意为“花费……做某事”，为固定搭配。故填designing。
43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种现在普遍使用的新乐器长160厘米，有21根弦。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为instrument，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这使得乐器发出的声音更大，类似于钢琴。allow sb to do意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to produce。
45题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：今天大多数古筝演奏家都使用这种古筝。performer意为“表演者”，为可数名词，在most后应用复数形式。故填performers。
第五节写作(共两节)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom来信说，因为学习忙、锻炼少，他最近经常生病，这影响了他的学习。请你给他写一封信，要点包括：
1．锻炼的重要性；
2．锻炼有利于学习；
3．提出锻炼的建议。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m sorry to hear that you have been sick for days. You have studied so hard that you have no time to do any exercise, which does harm to your physical and mental health. It would be of great benefit to your health if you do more exercise. Actually, exercise can improve your physical conditions and relax your mind. Only when you are in good health can you ensure and improve your study efficiency.
Therefore, I suggest that you take at least one hour’s exercise every day. I would be very pleased to see you have a stronger body.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给笔友Tom写一封信，要点包括：锻炼的重要性、锻炼有利于学习并提出锻炼的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
生病的：sick →ill
对……有害：do harm to→ be harmful to
建议：suggest →advise
高兴的：pleased→ glad
2.句式拓展
句式转换
原句：Actually, exercise can improve your physical conditions and relax your mind.
拓展句：Actually, it is exercise that can improve your physical conditions and relax your mind.
【点睛】【高分句型1】You have studied so hard that you have no time to do any exercise, which does harm to your physical and mental health.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Only when you are in good health can you ensure and improve your study efficiency.（运用了部分倒装结构）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the spare time, Mrs Green always asked her sons, Alan and John to help their neighbor, Ms Maud, to clean her house because she was too old to do it herself. They helped Ms Maud throughout the spring.
Summer vacation just began. The two brothers planned to play tennis with friends every day, so they could make the freshman team. However, Alan’s racket (球拍) was lost, which disappointed him a lot.
As usual, Alan and John came to Ms Maud’s house to help her. They went down the block to the Ms Maud’s and got started. Before cleaning, John put boxes that were thrown around the garage (车库) floor on shelves. When John put a big box on a shelf, he found a tennis racket in the box. It was a new racket, which was exactly what Alan wanted.
“You’ve got to see this.” John took out the tennis racket and showed it to Alan.
“Whoa, where did you get that ” Alan asked. John pointed to the shelf, “It was just in the box over there.” Alan continued to say, “It is so beautiful. My tennis racket was missing. If we take it, I believe no one will ever know.” He looked at the garage door, which was closed.
But John didn’t think it’s a good idea, “Well, we do a lot of things for Ms Maud and don’t get paid. It’s not really stealing. It’s a kind of payment for our hard work,” said Alan. Without hesitation (犹豫), John looked at the racket, took it from Alan’s hand and put it back in the box.
“Hello, boys.” At that time, Ms Maud walked into the garage, surprising them. “I’ve made a cake. Can you come in for a piece I really appreciate all the things you do for me.” “Ugh... sure, Ms Maud,” said John. “Let us finish up and we’ll be right in.” Ms Maud went back to her house.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then, John told Alan that Ms Maud always rewarded (奖励) them for helping her.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After Alan and John finished the cake, Ms Maud walked in and handed Alan a new tennis racket.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Then, John told Alan that Ms Maud always rewarded(奖励)them for helping her. Alan nodded in agreement. John continued to say that Ms Maud always made tasty cakes for them, even bought them some books. She was very kind to them. Besides, their mom told them not to take something without permission. Luckily, John stopped Alan in time, or he could have made a mistake. After Alan and John exchanged ideas, they walked into the house and enjoyed the cake. For Alan and John, the cake that Ms Maud made today was very delicious.
After Alan and John finished the cake, Ms Maud walked in and handed Alan a new tennis racket. “This is for you. Your mother said your tennis racket was missing. So I went to the store and bought you this tennis racket. Thank you for everything you’ve done for me,” said Ms Maud. “I put it in a box in the garage, so you could find it in surprise” Alan looked at the racket, and then he looked at John. He was ashamed of what he had thought a few moment ago. “Thanks so much. I love it!”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了艾伦和约翰帮助Maud打扫卫生，莫德给艾伦买新网球拍的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后，约翰告诉艾伦，莫德总是因为他们帮助她而奖励他们。”可知，第一段可描写莫德给两兄弟的奖励，艾伦没有偷拿莫德的网球拍。
②由第二段首句内容“艾伦和约翰吃完蛋糕后，莫德走了进来，递给艾伦一个新的网球拍。”可知，第二段可描写这个网球拍的真正来源和莫德的用意。
2.续写线索：
帮助打扫卫生——丢失网球拍——在莫德车库发现新的网球拍——想偷拿——反思莫德的奖励——放回网球拍——莫德赠送网球拍
3.词汇激活
行为类
①点头表示同意：nodded in agreement/agreed with a nod
②继续说：continued to say/added
③未经允许拿东西：take something without permission/steal
情绪类
①惊讶地：in surprise/in amazement
②羞愧的：ashamed/abashed/embarrassed
【点睛】[高分句型1]Luckily, John stopped Alan in time, or he could have made a mistake. （运用了虚拟语气）
[高分句型2]He was ashamed of what he had thought a few moment ago. （运用了what引导的宾语从句）