高中试卷答案网2023－2024学年第一学期高三四校联考（三）
英语试卷
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You’ve probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it’s time to level up your rides, so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.
Death Valley
Approximate distance:100 km loop(环线)
It may sound terrifying, but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed. In reality, it’s the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
This Team Time Trial is very popular among the Beijing cycling community as an early morning ride before work. While it’s not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you’d like to ride with a group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday or Thursday mornings at 5 am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance: 120km loop
It passes a cafe with good (although expensive) food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It’s a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance: 70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back hundreds of years BC. It will be a fun ride here.
1. Why is the northern route named “Death Valley”
A. It has deadly loops for cars.
B It is located in a distant place.
C. There is a large tomb on the route.
D. Many accidents have happened along the road.
2. Which of the following covers the shortest distance
A. Death Valley. B. Tuesday/Thursday TTT.
C. The Verse D. Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
3. What do the last two routes have in common
A. They both offer a downhill ride. B. They both have adequate bike lanes.
C They both pass a second-to-none cafe. D. They both offer a view of historical sites.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是几条可以带你进入乡村和迷人山区的骑行路线。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley 部分的“It may sound terrifying, but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed.(这听起来可能很可怕，但北京的骑行者将这条北线命名为“死亡谷”，是因为它经过的巨大坟墓，而不是它目睹的交通事故数量。)”可知，之所以这样命名是因为这条路线会经过巨大的坟墓。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分中的“Approximate distance:100 km loop(环线)(大约距离：100公里环线)”；Tuesday/Thursday TTT 部分中的“Approximate distance: 54km loop(大约距离：54公里环线)”；The Verse 部分中的“Approximate distance: 120km loop(大约距离： 120km环线)”以及Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分中的“Approximate distance: 70km loop(大约距离：70公里环路)”可知，路线最短的应该是Tuesday/Thursday TTT，其只有54公里环路。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Verse部分中的“It’s a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.(到达那里需要一点徒步旅行，但非常值得付出努力，因为您在抵达时可以欣赏到长城的壮丽景色，并且大部分是下坡的车程。)”可以见到长城壮丽的景象，根据Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分中的“This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history.(这个公园是北京骑手最接近游览大运河的地方。通州大运河是中国真正的奇迹，也是历史上最伟大的土木工程之一。)”可知，这条线路可以看到大运河，由此可知，这两条路线都可以看到历史遗迹。故选D项。
B
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
4. How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan
A. Puzzled. B. Scared. C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.
5. What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2
A. He had a knowledge of China.
B. He was a western journalist.
C. He came to China several times.
D. He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.
6. What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul
A. They built bonds with people.
B. They satisfied the locals’ curiosity.
C. They set off in high spirits.
D. They honored the ancestors.
7. What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text
A. To suggest a new way of travel.
B. To share and reflect on a journey.
C. To advocate protection of biodiversity.
D. To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.(我不得不承认，当我第一次听说保罗·萨洛佩克要用自己的两只脚走完整个地球时，我惊呆了。我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人)”可知，作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.(他告诉我这是他第一次来中国。他非常兴奋地和我谈论我所在地区的历史、移民和发现。他谈到了蜀道-盐都道(南方丝绸之路)、17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行、茶马古道和20世纪初美国植物学家约瑟夫·洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为他们中的许多人是英雄，在某种意义上是中国慢新闻的先驱)”可知Paul Salopek和作者谈论所在地区的历史、移民和发现，可推知，Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.(我们在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围观着我们观察我们；有些人给了我们指引；有些人邀请我们到他们家休息；有些人谈论着他们家乡的魅力。我们遇到了许多美丽的灵魂，朴实的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我们在用心走路)”据此可推知，作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek,于是决定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此推知，作者写作的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选B项。
C
One key element of human language is semantics (语义). Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, renecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information. But over the last four decades, numerous studies have shown that various animals have distinct calls with specific meanings.
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.
Two recent studies suggest that the order of some birds’ vocalizations may impact their meaning. Though the idea is still controversial, this could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic “dog bites man” vs. “man bites dog” example.
Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds. Most animal communication research has focused on describing signals and behavior, which on the surface can look a lot like human behavior. Determining if the underlying cognitive (认知的) processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another
8. What was scientists’ long-held belief about animal vocalizations
A. They conveyed no emotion. B. They were semantically related.
C. They varied greatly with species. D. They expressed no intended meaning.
9. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C By providing definition. D. By making comparisons.
10. What does the underlined word ”this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. What birds’ vocalizations mean. B. How rules govern human language.
C. What the two recent studies indicate. D. How bird’s vocalizations are combined.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. Shared aspects of human and birds’ languages.
B. Focus of most animal communication research.
C. Underlying, cognitive processes of birds’ vocalizations.
D Insufficient knowledge about birds’ communication intentionality.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在过去的四十年里，大量的研究表明，各种动物都有不同的叫声，具有特定的含义，其中人们对鸟类的叫声倾注了大量关注和研究。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, renecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information.(长期以来，科学家们一直认为，与我们的语言不同，动物的发声是不由自主的，它再现了动物的情绪状态，而不传达任何其他信息。)”可知，科学家们长期以来对动物发声的看法是它们没有表达任何有意的意思。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Many bird species use different alarm calls.(许多鸟类使用不同的警报信号。)”，第二句“Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely.(在树洞筑巢的日本山雀，有一种叫声能让它们的幼鸟下来，以免被乌鸦拉出巢外，另一种叫声能让它们完全跳出巢外。)”和第三句“Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.(西伯利亚松鸦根据敌人是在寻找食物还是在主动攻击而改变它们的叫声，而每一种叫声都会从附近的其他鸟类那里得到不同的回应。)”可知，第二段是通过举例来论证观点。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Two recent studies suggest that the order of some birds’ vocalizations may impact their meaning.(最近的两项研究表明，一些鸟类发声的顺序可能会影响它们的意义。)”和第二句中的“could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic “dog bites man” vs. “man bites dog” example(可能代表了一种基本形式的规则，即控制人类语言中单词和元素的顺序和组合，即语法，如经典的“狗咬人”和“人咬狗”的例子所示)”可知，this指代的是鸟的叫声的组合方式。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds.(即使一些鸟类分享人类语言的基本方面，我们仍然对它们的思想知之甚少。)”和最后一句“Determining if the underlying cognitive (认知的)processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another (确定驱动行为的潜在认知过程是否相似则更具挑战性，因为这个问题的核心是意向性；动物仅仅是对环境做出反应，还是它们有意向彼此传递信息？)”可知，最后一段主要是讲对鸟类的交流意向认识的不足。故选D。
D
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase. The burden of making sure games are played according to the rules and that the officiating (裁判) is accurate is now being taken out of human hands and falling more and more into the lap of technology. It’s called the video replay.
The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference (传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you’ve been watching the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.
However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it’s not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport. But don’t you want to see the proper application of the rules throughout the games I know I do. Yes, it can slow the game down, but I feel it is worth it. If technological advancements allow fans watching from home to spot mistakes instantly, those same views need to be available to the officiating crews. Another example occurred in the most recent National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and the New Orleans Saints. When obvious pass interference was committed by the Los Angeles Rams player Nickell Robey-Coleman, with just 109 seconds to play, no flag was raised on the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.
There are no easy answers regarding replay technology and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But for me, keeping the officiating honest and on task is the right step in limiting controversy.
12. What trend in sports can be observed in paragraph 2
A. The video replay has been widely used.
B. League games have become competitive.
C. Rules of professional games are becoming stricter.
D. People are showing more interest in sports than before.
13. What does the underlined word “tainting” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Tricking. B. Promoting. C. Damaging. D. Restoring.
14. What might the New Orleans Saints think of the referees in the NFC Championship Game
A. They relied a lot on the video replay.
B. They cared too much about details.
C. They were definitely stressed out.
D. They were terribly disqualified.
15. What would be the best title for the text
A. Video replays: high-end technology in sports
B. Is technology like VAR a blessing in sports
C. Officiating: a duty that requires honesty
D. What do qualified referees really mean
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着运动员变得更加强壮和快速，比赛的节奏也越来越快，在确保比赛遵循规则和裁判准确性方面，越来越多地依靠于视频回放技术，以及在体育比赛中采用视频回放技术的优势和争议。文章提出使用视频回放技术可以让裁判更加公正和准确，并强调了保持裁判员诚实和任务的重要性。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference (传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you’ve been watching the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.(在即将到来的赛季中，美国国家橄榄球联盟将扩大其回放系统，将传球干扰纳入其中。美国职业棒球大联盟现在依靠它来进行安全出局和本垒打。如果你一直在看世界杯，你可能已经注意到视频助理裁判(VAR)在几乎每场比赛中都发挥着关键作用。在肯塔基赛马比赛中，一匹马因撞到另一匹马而被取消资格。没有人知道为什么，直到视频回放证实了这一判罚，争议才得以避免。)”可知，美国国家橄榄球联盟、美国职业棒球大联盟，FIFA世界杯以及肯塔基赛马中都在依靠视频回放作出裁决，由此推知，视频回放在体育赛事中已被广泛使用。故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it’s not the way the game was invented(然而，许多纯粹主义者——那些希望人们认真遵守规则，以传统方式做事的人——尤其是在足球领域，认为这不是这项运动的发明方式)”可知，许多纯粹主义者即以传统做事的人，在足球领域中认为这不是这项运动的发明方式，由此可知，许多纯粹主义者对视频回放持否定态度，他们认为视频回放玷污了这项运动。因此，画线词与C项“Damaging.(损坏)”为同义词。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.(它削弱了新奥尔良圣徒队的士气。洛杉矶公羊队在加时赛中以26比23获胜。这一否决深深激怒了公众。录像回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个最明显的传球干扰判罚。)”可知，视频回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个十分明显的传球干扰判罚，而这削弱了新奥尔良圣徒队的士气。由此推知，新奥尔良圣徒队会认为这些裁判是不称职的。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了随着运动员变得更加强壮和快速，比赛的节奏也越来越快，在确保比赛遵循规则和裁判准确性方面，越来越多地依靠于视频回放技术，以及在体育比赛中采用视频回放技术的优势和争议。文章提出使用视频回放技术可以让裁判更加公正和准确，并强调了保持裁判员诚实和任务的重要性。B选项“Is technology like VAR a blessing in sports (像VAR这样的技术是体育界的福音吗？)”符合文章标题。故选B。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nutritional advice comes from every corner of our world. ___16___ Moreover, we are encouraged to take a multivitamin to fill in any gaps in our diet.
The subject of popping a pill to get the recommended daily allowance (定量) of the various vitamins essential to overall good health may be somewhat controversial. After all, different nutrients may be absorbed at different rates by our bodies. Surely we shouldn’t expect one small pill to cover it all. ___17___
One vitamin that is vital for good health in so many ways but is too often taken for granted is vitamin D. ___18___ So it can be easy to get into the misconception (误解) that Mother Nature is taking care of this aspect of our balanced nutrition.
While sunlight exposure is beneficial, not everyone benefits from the sun at the same level. Sun exposure near the equator (赤道) is far different from that an Eskimo might receive at the North Pole. ___19___ Even in sun-rich areas of the world, people tend to spend much more time indoors to escape the uncomfortable heat produced in sunnier climates.
___20___ You can get it from your diet, like fish, orange juice and beef liver. But when you doubt whether your diet can meet your needs, a good multivitamin may be a good first step in supplying additional vitamins and minerals.
A. It is often associated with exposure to sunlight.
B. Darker skin also absorbs less vitamin D than paler skin.
C. We get many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu.
D. Often attention to our nutritional balance can improve the situation.
E. It is essential for strong, healthy bones and a well-functioning brain.
F. Still, it pays to understand the role many vitamins play in staying fit.
G. There are many sources of dietary vitamin D besides Mother Nature.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了关于维生素摄入的一些争议和问题，尤其是关于维生素D的重要性和摄入方式的问题。提出了晒太阳可能无法完全满足人体对维生素D的需求，并强调了饮食和补充维生素的重要性。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Nutritional advice comes from every corner of our world.(营养建议来自世界的各个角落。)”可知，此处指出营养建议来自于世界各个角落。C选项“We get many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu.(我们得到了很多关于如何在日常菜单中添加营养的建议。)”承接前文，指出我们得到了很多在日常菜单中关于添加营养的建议，此处的tips与前文的advice形成呼应。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“ Surely we shouldn’t expect one small pill to cover it all.(当然，我们不应该指望一粒小药丸就能解决所有问题。)”可知，此处强调我们不应该指望一粒小药丸就能包治百病。F选项“Still, it pays to understand the role many vitamins play in staying fit.(尽管如此，了解多种维生素在保持健康中的作用还是值得的。)”与前一句存在让步转折关系。指出我们不能指望一小片药就能包治百病。尽管如此，了解多种维生素在保持健康方面的作用还是值得的，符合语境。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据后文“So it can be easy to get into the misconception (误解) that Mother Nature is taking care of this aspect of our balanced nutrition.(因此，我们很容易产生这样的误解，认为大自然母亲正在照顾我们均衡营养的这一方面。)”可知，我们很容易产生误解即大自然在照顾我们均衡营养的这一方面。A选项“It is often associated with exposure to sunlight.(它通常与暴露在阳光下有关。)”与后一句存在因果关系。它往往与暴露在阳光下有关。因此，我们很容易陷入一种误解，认为大自然正在照顾我们平衡营养的这一方面。同时A项中的It指代空前的vitamin D。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据前文“While sunlight exposure is beneficial, not everyone benefits from the sun at the same level. Sun exposure near the equator (赤道) is far different from that an Eskimo might receive at the North Pole.(虽然阳光照射是有益的，但并不是每个人都能从相同程度的阳光中受益。赤道附近的阳光照射与爱斯基摩人在北极可能受到的阳光照射大不相同。)”可知，此处强调并不是每个人都能从相同程度的阳光中受益。B选项“Darker skin also absorbs less vitamin D than paler skin.(深色皮肤吸收的维生素D也比浅色皮肤少。)”承接前文，具体指出肤色不同的人对维生素D吸收的程度不同，符合语境。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据后文“You can get it from your diet, like fish, orange juice and beef liver. (你可以从饮食中摄取，比如鱼、橙汁和牛肝。)”可知，此处强调获取维生素D的其他来源。G选项“There are many sources of dietary vitamin D besides Mother Nature.(除了大自然之外，膳食维生素D还有很多来源。)”引起下文，指出获取维生素D还有其他的来源即比如鱼、橙汁和牛肝等。该选项符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
When Marion Sheppard was unable to see in her 40s, she cried. Wasn’t it ___21___ that she’d been partly deaf since childhood That struggle and the ___22___ that usually came with it didn’t defeat her, but made her ___23___.
Sheppard had always been an enthusiastic dancer since childhood, but now she was so scared that she ___24___ left her apartment. She worried about the way she would ___25___ to the world. Hard as it was, Sheppard later ___26___ herself to go out.
At 61, Sheppard attended a camp organized by Visions for blind people, where she taught her first dancing class. She ___27___ to teach her class there after that. But she was ___28___. She soon convinced Visions to let her teach on a ___29___ basis. About four years later, her classes won so much ____30____ that Visions hired her to be on staff. Sheppard’s students were mostly seniors whose eyesight had ____31____ as adults. With confidence-building praise, Sheppard also ____32____ dignity and independence into them.
As a way to combine movements with her faith, Sheppard ____33____ a group called The Blind Sisterhood. What is her ____34____ for maintaining both physical and mental health despite ____35____ life throws at her “Keep it moving!”
21. A. enough B. desperate C. sorrowful D. abnormal
22. A. comment B. separation C. prejudice D. sympathy
23. A. different B. tough C. gentle D. sensitive
24. A. willingly B. rarely C. constantly D. occasionally
25. A. sound B. relate C. appear D. reply
26. A. educated B. permitted C. reminded D. forced
27. A. guaranteed B. prepared C. plotted D. applied
28. A. interrupted B. evaluated C. declined D. abandoned
29. A. temporary B. regular C. weekly D. voluntary
30. A. popularity B. encouragement C. assistance D. advantage
31. A. recovered B. worsened C. improved D. adjusted
32. A. drilled B. pressed C. swept D. made
33. A. set up B. opened up C. took on D. put on
34. A. purpose B. wish C. recipe D. effort
35. A. rewards B. blessings C. surprises D. barriers
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是失明的Marion Sheppard教视力受损的老人舞蹈，给他们灌输自尊和自立的思想，鼓励他们勇敢面对生活的挫折。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她从小就有部分耳聋，这还不够吗？A. enough足够的；B. desperate绝望的；C. sorrowful悲伤的；D. abnormal不正常的。根据前文“When Marion Sheppard was unable to see in her 40s, she cried.”以及后文“she’d been partly deaf since childhood.”可知，Sheppard在40多岁失明时哭了，后文提到她从小部分失聪，因此此处表示“难道她从小部分失聪还不够吗”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场挣扎以及随之而来的偏见并没有打败她，反而让她变得坚强。A. comment评论；B. separation分离；C. prejudice偏见；D. sympathy同情。根据后文“didn’t defeat her”可知，应该是失明后遇到的偏见并没有打败她。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这场挣扎以及随之而来的偏见并没有打败她，反而让她变得坚强。A. different不同的；B. tough艰难的，坚强的；C. gentle温柔的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据后文的“but”可知，此处构成转折关系，前句强调失明并没有打败她，因此此处表示“而是让她更坚强”。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Sheppard从小就是一个热情的舞者，但现在她非常害怕，以至于很少离开她的公寓。A. willingly愿意地；B. rarely几乎不，罕见地；C. constantly持续地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据前文的“scared”可知，Sheppard失明后，非常害怕所以她很少离开公寓。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她担心自己在世人面前的形象。A. sound听起来；B. relate相关；C. appear出现，露面；D. reply回复。根据下文“to the world”可知，此处表示她担心自己出现在世人面前的形象，表示“出现”用appear。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管很艰难，Sheppard后来还是强迫自己出去了。A. educated教育；B. permitted允许；C. reminded提醒；D. forced强迫。根据前文“She worried about the way she would ___5___ to the world.”以及后文“go out”可知，她极不情愿出门，但是后来迫使自己出去。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，她申请在那里教书。A. guaranteed保证；B. prepared准备；C. plotted密谋；D. applied应用，申请。根据前文“At 61, Sheppard attended a camp organized by Visions for blind people, where she taught her first dancing class.(61岁时，Sheppard参加了Visions为盲人组织的一个营地，在那里她教了她的第一堂舞蹈课)”可知，因为在营地教课的经历，她申请在营地教学。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她被拒绝了。A. interrupted打断；B. evaluated评价；C. declined拒绝；D. abandoned抛弃。根据下文“About four years later”和“that Visions hired her to be on staff”可知，她刚开始是被拒绝了，四年后才被聘请为员工，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很快说服Visions，可以让她自愿在那教书。A. temporary临时的；B. regular定期的，常规的；C. weekly每周的；D. voluntary自愿的。根据前文“But she was ___8___ .”可知，她申请在那教学，被拒绝之后她说服Visions让她在那里自愿地授课。故选D。
30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约四年后，她的课程大受欢迎，Visions聘请她为员工。A. popularity欢迎；B. encouragement鼓励；C. assistance协助；D. advantage优势。根据后文“that Visions hired her to be on staff.”可知，她教学非常受欢迎，才会被Visions聘请为员工。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sheppard的学生大多是老年人，他们成年后视力就恶化了。A. recovered恢复；B. worsened恶化；C. improved提升；D. adjusted调整。根据前文“Sheppard’s students were mostly seniors whose eyesight”可知，失明的Sheppard的学生大多是老年人，这些学生们成年后视力就恶化了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sheppard在对他们的赞扬中建立了信心，同时也向他们灌输尊严和独立。A. drilled钻研；B. pressed挤；C. swept清扫；D. made制作。根据下文“dignity and independence into them”可知，此处表示“向学员们灌输尊严和独立”，drill sth. into sb.为固定短语，意为“向某人灌输……”，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了将运动与她的信仰结合起来，Sheppard成立了一个名为The Blind Sisterhood的组织。A. set up建立；B. opened up打开；C. took on呈现；D. put on穿上。根据后文的“The Blind Sisterhood”可知，Sheppard成立了一个名为The Blind Sisterhood的组织。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对生活中的种种障碍，她保持身心健康的诀窍是什么？A. purpose目的；B. wish希望，祝福；C. recipe食谱，诀窍；D. effort努力。根据后文““Keep it moving!””可知，面对生活的种种障碍，她保持身心健康的诀窍是保持前进。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对生活中的种种障碍，她保持身心健康的诀窍是什么？A. rewards奖励；B. blessings祝福；C. surprises惊喜；D. barriers障碍。根据第一段“When Marion Sheppard was unable to see in her 40s”可知，Sheppard失明，即生活中即使有种种阻碍，但是她依旧保持身心健康。故选D。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has scaled up policy to protect and restore the environment around the Yangtze River, putting ___36___ place measures to treat industrial and agricultural pollutants and protect grasslands and wetlands.
A policy document ___37___(joint) released by 17 central government departments promises to prioritize effort and adopt a ___38___(comprehension) way of conserving the Yangtze River Basin area. The policy document follows a 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the government in 2020 in response to ___39___(decline) biodiversity.
Despite improvements to the Yangtze’s water quality, the rise of non-point source pollution ___40___(emerge) as a major problem in recent years. The document stresses the need for a systemic approach, ___41___ will require the establishment of long-term mechanisms to prevent the return of polluted water bodies.
The treatment of pollution is another priority, as the government looks to install tighter controls over pollutants discharged by chemical factories and promote ___42___(high) efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
___43___(restore) the diversity of aquatic life in the Yangtze, the document says that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make ___44___ action plan to save them and that more work ____45____(do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers.
【答案】36. in 37. jointly
prehensive
39. declining
40. has emerged
41. which 42. higher
43. To restore
44. an 45. will be done
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国加大了保护和修复长江流域环境的政策力度，采取措施治理工农业污染物，保护草地和湿地。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国加大了保护和恢复长江周边环境的政策力度，采取了一系列措施来治理工农业污染物，保护草原和湿地。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定短语put sth in place = put in place sth实施，实现，把……放到合适的位置，故填in。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：由17个中央政府部门联合发布的一份政策文件承诺优先努力，并采取保护长江流域地区的综合方式。分析句子可知，空格后released为非谓语动词作定语，应使用副词修饰released，故填jointly。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处应使用形容词修饰名词way。comprehensive综合的，全面的，故填comprehensive。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该政策文件遵循了政府在2020年颁布的10年长江捕鱼禁令，以应对生物多样性的下降。分析句子可知，空格处作定语修饰biodiversity，形容词declining越来越少的、不断下降的，形容词作定语，declining biodiversity不断下降的生物多样性，故填declining。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：尽管长江水质有所改善，但近年来非点源污染的增加仍是一个主要问题。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语部分，根据时间状语in recent years应使用现在完成时，主语是the rise，是单数形式，故填has emerged。
【41题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意：该文件强调需要一个系统的方法，这将需要建立长期机制来防止被污染水体的回归。分析句子可知，空格处是非限定性定语从句引导词，先行词是a systemic approach，非限定性定语从句缺少主语，故填which。
【42题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：污染治理是另一个优先事项，因为政府希望对化工厂排放的污染物进行更严格的控制，并提倡化肥和农药的更高的使用效率。根据上文tighter，可知此处空格应填形容词比较级，故填higher。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了恢复长江水生生物的多样性，该文件说，国家将建立一个濒危动物的监测系统，并制定拯救它们的行动计划，还需要做更多的工作来加强河流的连通性。分析句子可知，空格处应填不定式表示目的。“为了恢复长江水生生物多样性”，位于句首首字母大写，故填To restore。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词泛指“一个行动计划”，action开头发音是元音，构成固定短语make an action plan制定行动计划。故填an。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意同第8题。分析句子可知，that more work __10___(do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers为says的第二个宾语从句。work与do之间是被动关系，根据第一个宾语从句that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make an action plan to save them的时态，第二个宾语从句也应用将来时，此处应使用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be done。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，正在组织题为“My Career, My Life”的生涯规划研讨会。得知你校外教 David 有相关工作经验，想邀请他来做一个主题讲座。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 讲座时间和地点；
2. 讲座目的和内容。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
3. 参考词汇：研讨会 seminar
Dear David,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David,
We have decided to organize a seminar on career planning for students with the theme of “My Career, My Life”. Knowing you are an experienced school adviser, I sincerely invite you to deliver a lecture.
As scheduled, the event will take place in the lecture hall from 2pm to 4pm next Friday. To offer guidance on career planning, you are expected to share practical advice and typical examples that will help students do self-analysis, set realistic goals and decide on possible paths to achieve their aspirations.
Could you please make it to come Your earliest reply will be appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，正在组织题为“My Career, My Life”的生涯规划研讨会。得知你校外教 David 有相关工作经验，想邀请他来做一个主题讲座。请你给他写一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
主题：theme→topic
演讲：lecture→speech
熟练的：experienced→skillful
实际的：realistic→practical
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We have decided to organize a seminar on career planning for students with the theme of “My Career, My Life”.
拓展句：We have decided to organize a seminar on career planning for students, whose theme is “My Career, My Life”.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing you are an experienced school adviser, I sincerely invite you to deliver a lecture. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] To offer guidance on career planning, you are expected to share practical advice and typical examples that will help students do self-analysis, set realistic goals and decide on possible paths to achieve their aspirations. (运用了that引导定语从句)
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was an extremely shy girl in primary school and couldn’t make friends easily. My teacher, Mr. Doocy, called my mother and explained that I hadn’t spoken a single word in class. And we were more than half way through the school year. Even as a little girl, I knew this was unusual. I watched the free and happy interaction of my classmates with envy.
Mom tried to excuse my behavior as something that I would outgrow. But Mr. Doocy was still quite concerned about me. He asked Mom if I had something at home that I liked. He said he would arrange a show-and-tell activity for the class if I brought it to school. My mom told him about my cat who had given birth to several baby cats about three weeks earlier. I was crazy about those baby cats.
Then Mr. Doocy suggested I bring the baby cats to school the next day and introduce them to my classmates. It seemed that Mom didn’t think this show-and-tell activity would help me and hoped to discourage Mr. Doocy. She explained that I would have to bring the mother cat along with the six baby cats because they were too young to be separated from their mother. She probably thought this would put an end to the plan. But Mr. Doocy said that was fine.
I normally walked to school, but my mother drove me the next morning along with a big brown cardboard box. I struggled to walk toward the classroom with the heavy load. In no time, the group of baby cats caught the attention of my classmates. Their eyes lit up in wonder when they caught sight of my tiny treasures. My heart beat quickly against my chest as pride swelled within me. I had never felt so important in my entire nine years of life!
Mr. Doocy instructed me to sit on the steps outside the classroom so everyone could get a good look inside the container. “Can I hold one ” a little girl asked aloud with excitement. Then all the other children chimed in like a choir, begging to hold one of the baby cats.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I nodded and said, “Yes.”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everyone sitting in the classroom, Mr. Doocy invited me to say something about my cats.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
I nodded and said, “Yes.” Then I, with great caution, handed the baby cats one by one to my expectant and excited classmates. They gently held kittens in turn cautiously, as if they were holding the most delicate find art in the world, petting them gently and observing them. Soon, the school bell rang. But all of us turned a deaf ear to it and no one moved or wanted to enter the classroom, even Mr. Doocy! He allowed us to sit there until each student had a turn holding the cats. Then, he walked me to the front of the classroom and waited for the students to come in and sit down. Still excited, my classmates like chirping birds were exchanging ideas about the lovely kittens until Mr. Doocy hushed them.
With everyone sitting in the classroom, Mr. Doocy invited me to say something about my cats. Standing in front of the class, I really had butterflies in my stomach, palms sweaty, no knowing where to start. Mr. Doocy began to ask some questions and I began to tell how the mother cat loved and looked after her babies, what kind of “home” I designed for them, etc. My classmates were all staring at me and listening attentively, dancing in their eyes were the admiration that I had never expected. A surge of pride and confidence rose inside me, I raised my voice. After that class, I proudly sat among my classmates with a new sense of achievement. And my interaction with other kids increased. How much I appreciated the help of Mr. Doocy and my lovely cats! But for them, I would probably still be that inordinately shy girl I used to be.
【解析】
【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了作者在小学的时候非常害羞，不容易交朋友。学年已经过去一半多了，但是作者在课堂上没有说过话，于是Doocy老师打电话给作者的妈妈，想要解决这个问题。他建议作者把自己非常喜欢的小猫带到学校，把它们介绍给同学，虽然作者的妈妈并不看好这个计划，但是Doocy老师觉得可行。第二天作者用大纸板箱把小猫们带到了学校，立刻引起了同学们的注意，作者因为被重视而激动不已，这时一个小女孩提出想要抱小猫，其他孩子也附和起来。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我点点头说，‘可以。’”可知，第一段可描写孩子们轮流抱小猫，以及抱完小猫后热烈地讨论。
②由第二段首句内容“每个人都坐在教室里，Doocy老师邀请我说一些关于我的猫的事情。”可知，第二段可描写作者克服紧张讲述猫的事情，以及逐渐开始和同学们交流。
2. 续写线索：点头同意——轮流抱猫——热烈讨论——邀请作者谈谈猫的事情——讲述猫的事情——增加交流
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①进入：enter/walk into
②交流：exchange/swap
③开始：start/begin/commence
④照顾：look after/take care of
⑤盯着看：stare at/look at/direct one’s gaze towards
⑥预料：expect/anticipate
情绪类
①兴奋的：excited/thrilled
②钦佩：admiration/appreciation
【点睛】[高分句型1] They gently held kittens in turn cautiously, as if they were holding the most delicate find art in the world, petting them gently and observing them. (运用as if引导方式状语从句)
[高分句型2] Mr. Doocy began to ask some questions and I began to tell how the mother cat loved and looked after her babies, what kind of “home” I designed for them, etc. (how引导名词性从句作tell的宾语)
[高分句型3] My classmates were all staring at me and listening attentively, dancing in their eyes were the admiration that I had never expected. (that引导限制性定语从句)2023－2024学年第一学期高三四校联考（三）
英语试卷
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You’ve probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it’s time to level up your rides, so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.
Death Valley
Approximate distance:100 km loop(环线)
It may sound terrifying, but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed. In reality, it’s the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
This Team Time Trial is very popular among the Beijing cycling community as an early morning ride before work. While it’s not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you’d like to ride with a group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday or Thursday mornings at 5 am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance: 120km loop
It passes a cafe with good (although expensive) food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It’s a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance: 70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back hundreds of years BC. It will be a fun ride here.
1. Why is the northern route named “Death Valley”
A. It has deadly loops for cars.
B. It is located in a distant place.
C. There is a large tomb on the route.
D. Many accidents have happened along the road.
2. Which of the following covers the shortest distance
A. Death Valley. B. Tuesday/Thursday TTT.
C. The Verse D. Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
3. What do the last two routes have in common
A. They both offer a downhill ride. B. They both have adequate bike lanes.
C. They both pass a second-to-none cafe. D. They both offer a view of historical sites.
B
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
4. How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan
A. Puzzled. B. Scared. C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.
5. What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2
A. He had a knowledge of China.
B. He was a western journalist.
C. He came to China several times.
D. He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.
6. What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul
A. They built bonds with people.
B. They satisfied the locals’ curiosity.
C. They set off in high spirits.
D. They honored the ancestors.
7. What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text
A. To suggest a new way of travel.
B. To share and reflect on a journey.
C. To advocate protection of biodiversity.
D. To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
C
One key element of human language is semantics (语义). Scientists had long thought that unlike our words, animal vocalizations (发声) were involuntary, renecting the emotional state of the animal without conveying any other information. But over the last four decades, numerous studies have shown that various animals have distinct calls with specific meanings.
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.
Two recent studies suggest that the order of some birds’ vocalizations may impact their meaning. Though the idea is still controversial, this could represent a basic form of the rules governing the order and combination of words and elements in human language known as syntax (句法), as illustrated by the classic “dog bites man” vs. “man bites dog” example.
Even if some birds share basic aspects of human language, we still know very little about what’s actually going on in their minds. Most animal communication research has focused on describing signals and behavior, which on the surface can look a lot like human behavior. Determining if the underlying cognitive (认知的) processes driving the behavior are also similar is much more challenging, as at the heart of this question is intentionality: Are animals merely reacting to their environment, or do they intend to convey information to one another
8. What was scientists’ long-held belief about animal vocalizations
A. They conveyed no emotion. B. They were semantically related.
C. They varied greatly with species. D. They expressed no intended meaning.
9. How does the author develop paragraph 2
A. By listing data. B. By giving examples.
C. By providing definition. D. By making comparisons.
10. What does the underlined word ”this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. What birds’ vocalizations mean. B. How rules govern human language.
C. What the two recent studies indicate. D. How bird’s vocalizations are combined.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. Shared aspects of human and birds’ languages.
B. Focus of most animal communication research.
C. Underlying, cognitive processes of birds’ vocalizations.
D. Insufficient knowledge about birds’ communication intentionality.
D
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase. The burden of making sure games are played according to the rules and that the officiating (裁判) is accurate is now being taken out of human hands and falling more and more into the lap of technology. It’s called the video replay.
The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference (传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you’ve been watching the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.
However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it’s not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport. But don’t you want to see the proper application of the rules throughout the games I know I do. Yes, it can slow the game down, but I feel it is worth it. If technological advancements allow fans watching from home to spot mistakes instantly, those same views need to be available to the officiating crews. Another example occurred in the most recent National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and the New Orleans Saints. When obvious pass interference was committed by the Los Angeles Rams player Nickell Robey-Coleman, with just 109 seconds to play, no flag was raised on the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.
There are no easy answers regarding replay technology and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But for me, keeping the officiating honest and on task is the right step in limiting controversy.
12. What trend in sports can be observed in paragraph 2
A. The video replay has been widely used.
B. League games have become competitive.
C. Rules of professional games are becoming stricter.
D. People are showing more interest in sports than before.
13. What does the underlined word “tainting” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Tricking. B. Promoting. C. Damaging. D. Restoring.
14 What might the New Orleans Saints think of the referees in the NFC Championship Game
A They relied a lot on the video replay.
B. They cared too much about details.
C. They were definitely stressed out.
D. They were terribly disqualified.
15. What would be the best title for the text
A. Video replays: high-end technology in sports
B. Is technology like VAR a blessing in sports
C. Officiating: a duty that requires honesty
D. What do qualified referees really mean
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nutritional advice comes from every corner of our world. ___16___ Moreover, we are encouraged to take a multivitamin to fill in any gaps in our diet.
The subject of popping a pill to get the recommended daily allowance (定量) of the various vitamins essential to overall good health may be somewhat controversial. After all, different nutrients may be absorbed at different rates by our bodies. Surely we shouldn’t expect one small pill to cover it all. ___17___
One vitamin that is vital for good health in so many ways but is too often taken for granted is vitamin D. ___18___ So it can be easy to get into the misconception (误解) that Mother Nature is taking care of this aspect of our balanced nutrition.
While sunlight exposure is beneficial, not everyone benefits from the sun at the same level. Sun exposure near the equator (赤道) is far different from that an Eskimo might receive at the North Pole. ___19___ Even in sun-rich areas of the world, people tend to spend much more time indoors to escape the uncomfortable heat produced in sunnier climates.
___20___ You can get it from your diet, like fish, orange juice and beef liver. But when you doubt whether your diet can meet your needs, a good multivitamin may be a good first step in supplying additional vitamins and minerals.
A. It is often associated with exposure to sunlight.
B. Darker skin also absorbs less vitamin D than paler skin.
C. We get many tips on how to add nutrients to our everyday menu.
D. Often attention to our nutritional balance can improve the situation.
E. It is essential for strong, healthy bones and a well-functioning brain.
F. Still, it pays to understand the role many vitamins play in staying fit.
G. There are many sources of dietary vitamin D besides Mother Nature.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
When Marion Sheppard was unable to see in her 40s, she cried. Wasn’t it ___21___ that she’d been partly deaf since childhood That struggle and the ___22___ that usually came with it didn’t defeat her, but made her ___23___.
Sheppard had always been an enthusiastic dancer since childhood, but now she was so scared that she ___24___ left her apartment. She worried about the way she would ___25___ to the world. Hard as it was, Sheppard later ___26___ herself to go out.
At 61, Sheppard attended a camp organized by Visions for blind people, where she taught her first dancing class. She ___27___ to teach her class there after that. But she was ___28___. She soon convinced Visions to let her teach on a ___29___ basis. About four years later, her classes won so much ____30____ that Visions hired her to be on staff. Sheppard’s students were mostly seniors whose eyesight had ____31____ as adults. With confidence-building praise, Sheppard also ____32____ dignity and independence into them.
As a way to combine movements with her faith, Sheppard ____33____ a group called The Blind Sisterhood. What is her ____34____ for maintaining both physical and mental health despite ____35____ life throws at her “Keep it moving!”
21. A. enough B. desperate C. sorrowful D. abnormal
22. A. comment B. separation C. prejudice D. sympathy
23. A. different B. tough C. gentle D. sensitive
24. A. willingly B. rarely C. constantly D. occasionally
25. A. sound B. relate C. appear D. reply
26. A. educated B. permitted C. reminded D. forced
27. A. guaranteed B. prepared C. plotted D. applied
28. A. interrupted B. evaluated C. declined D. abandoned
29. A. temporary B. regular C. weekly D. voluntary
30. A. popularity B. encouragement C. assistance D. advantage
31. A. recovered B. worsened C. improved D. adjusted
32. A. drilled B. pressed C. swept D. made
33 A. set up B. opened up C. took on D. put on
34. A. purpose B. wish C. recipe D. effort
35. A. rewards B. blessings C. surprises D. barriers
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has scaled up policy to protect and restore the environment around the Yangtze River, putting ___36___ place measures to treat industrial and agricultural pollutants and protect grasslands and wetlands.
A policy document ___37___(joint) released by 17 central government departments promises to prioritize effort and adopt a ___38___(comprehension) way of conserving the Yangtze River Basin area. The policy document follows a 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the government in 2020 in response to ___39___(decline) biodiversity.
Despite improvements to the Yangtze’s water quality, the rise of non-point source pollution ___40___(emerge) as a major problem in recent years. The document stresses the need for a systemic approach, ___41___ will require the establishment of long-term mechanisms to prevent the return of polluted water bodies.
The treatment of pollution is another priority, as the government looks to install tighter controls over pollutants discharged by chemical factories and promote ___42___(high) efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
___43___(restore) the diversity of aquatic life in the Yangtze, the document says that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make ___44___ action plan to save them and that more work ____45____(do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，正在组织题为“My Career, My Life”的生涯规划研讨会。得知你校外教 David 有相关工作经验，想邀请他来做一个主题讲座。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 讲座时间和地点；
2. 讲座目的和内容。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
3. 参考词汇：研讨会 seminar
Dear David,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was an extremely shy girl in primary school and couldn’t make friends easily. My teacher, Mr. Doocy, called my mother and explained that I hadn’t spoken a single word in class. And we were more than half way through the school year. Even as a little girl, I knew this was unusual. I watched the free and happy interaction of my classmates with envy.
Mom tried to excuse my behavior as something that I would outgrow. But Mr. Doocy was still quite concerned about me. He asked Mom if I had something at home that I liked. He said he would arrange a show-and-tell activity for the class if I brought it to school. My mom told him about my cat who had given birth to several baby cats about three weeks earlier. I was crazy about those baby cats.
Then Mr. Doocy suggested I bring the baby cats to school the next day and introduce them to my classmates. It seemed that Mom didn’t think this show-and-tell activity would help me and hoped to discourage Mr. Doocy. She explained that I would have to bring the mother cat along with the six baby cats because they were too young to be separated from their mother. She probably thought this would put an end to the plan. But Mr. Doocy said that was fine.
I normally walked to school, but my mother drove me the next morning along with a big brown cardboard box. I struggled to walk toward the classroom with the heavy load. In no time, the group of baby cats caught the attention of my classmates. Their eyes lit up in wonder when they caught sight of my tiny treasures. My heart beat quickly against my chest as pride swelled within me. I had never felt so important in my entire nine years of life!
Mr. Doocy instructed me to sit on the steps outside the classroom so everyone could get a good look inside the container. “Can I hold one ” a little girl asked aloud with excitement. Then all the other children chimed in like a choir, begging to hold one of the baby cats.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
I nodded and said, “Yes.”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everyone sitting in the classroom, Mr. Doocy invited me to say something about my cats.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________