Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to(重点语法提升练)
定语从句和关系代词
定语从句概念:
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。
定语从句的构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句
如:I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.
↓ ↓ ↓
先行词 引导词 从句(定语从句)
【难点突破1】
关系词的选用:
关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句
which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.
that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle. The girl that has long hair is his sister.
who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.
whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.
whose 人的、物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
注意:关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略,作主语时不能省略
如:The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
一、单项选择
1.(2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题)Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story ________ I have ever read.
A.who B.where C.that
2.(2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题)A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A.who B.whom C.which D.whose
3.(2023·西藏·统考中考真题)Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present.
A.which B.who C.what D.where
4.(2023·浙江·模拟预测)This is the most beautiful picture ________ I have seen.
A.that B.which C.whose D.what
5.(2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)Beijing is a city ________ many people want to visit. In the city, you can see past and future, dream and passion(激情).
A.that B.what C.where
6.(2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测)A graduation ceremony is a custom ________ usually takes place in June.
A.what B.where C.who D.which
7.(2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测)I will always remember the teachers ________ teach me in my junior high.
A.who B.which C.what D.whose
8.(2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测)Mr. Lee is a man ________ I can depend on. I trust him.
A.which B.when C.who D.what
9.(2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模)The students ________ don’t work hard will not pass the exam.
A.whom B.which C.who
10.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测)—Have you ever heard the popular chant (儿歌) , We Dig Dig a Hole (挖呀挖).
—Yes, it has the funniest lyrics ________ I can sing along with.
A.that B.which C.who
11.(2023·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测)I know those volunteers ________ are helping the poor children.
A.who B.whom C.which
12.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模)—Of all the good study habits ________ you can develop, asking questions is the key because you can always learn from each other in this way.
—You’re right.
A.that B.what C.who
13.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考模拟预测)—Chris, the West Lake is so attractive!
—Yeah, the West Lake is the most beautiful place ________ I have ever visited.
A.who B.which C.that
14.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)A mother’s love is like a circle ________ has no beginning and no ending. It has cheered up and guided us right. So we should express our deep love to our dear mother.
A.what B.which C.who
15.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)—Do you know Abing
—Of course. He is a folk musician with lots of talent ________ was born in the city of Wuxi in 1893.
A.which B.what C.who
16.(2023·吉林·统考模拟预测)The Wandering Earth 2 is a movie ________ tells a story about how people tried to save the earth.
A.who B.whose C.which
17.(2023·吉林长春·统考模拟预测)Miss Zhang gave a speech ________ was very interesting.
A.who B.where C.what D.which
18.(2023·吉林·模拟预测)This is the book ________ is interesting.
A.which B.where C.who
19.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测)Zhang Guimei is the greatest teacher ________ we have known.
A.who B.what C.that
20.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—What are they doing
—They are talking about the teachers and schools ________ they visited yesterday.
A.which B.who C.that
21.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)Zhu Yangzhu is the spaceflight engineer for Shenzhou XVI ________ has loved the blue sky and flying since he was a boy.
A.what B.which C.who
22.(2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测)Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well.
A.which B.who C.where
23.(2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测)As the saying goes, he ________ laughs last laughs best.
A.who B.whom C.which
24.(2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测)Lionel Messi is a great football star ________ talent in sports surprises me a lot.
A.who B.that C.whose
25.(2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测)I really like the girl ________ hair is blond.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.that
26.(2023·湖北武汉·武汉西藏中学校联考一模)My teacher asks me to write a report about a book ________ name is Christmas Carol.
A.which B.whose C.who D.what
27.(2023·湖南湘西·统考一模)We must call the woman _________ bag is left in the dining hall.
A.who B.which C.whose
28.(2023·山东滨州·统考一模)—Nearly everyone likes to live in the house ________ windows face south.
—You are right.
A.that B.whose C.which D.where
29.(2023·福建龙岩·统考一模)China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A.what B.who C.that
30.(2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测)At the graduation ceremony, we talked about the teachers and the things ______ we remember.
A.which B.that C.who
31.(2023上·吉林长春·九年级统考期中)Lily likes museums ________ can provide visitors with free Wi-Fi.
A.that B.who C.what D.when
32.(2023上·河北保定·九年级统考期中)She is one of the best students ________ I’ve ever taught.
A.where B.that C.who D.whom
33.(2023上·天津河北·九年级天津十四中校考期末)The hotel ________ we stayed in was right on the beach. It was perfect.
A.what B.whom C.whose D.that
34.(2023上·天津北辰·九年级统考期末)This is one of the most amazing novels ________ I have seen.
A.that B.where C.who D.what
35.(2023上·吉林长春·九年级长春外国语学校校考开学考试)It is the funniest game show ________ I have ever seen.
A.that B.what C.who D.where
36.(2023下·福建龙岩·九年级校考期中)Mike is thankful to Miss Yang because she is the first teacher ________ understands him well.
A.that B.which C.whose
37.(2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·九年级哈尔滨风华中学校考期中)China is getting better at making hi-tech products ________ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A.which B.who C.what
38.(2023上·河北张家口·九年级统考期末)Look! That thin man is the hero ________ dove into the river to save the child yesterday.
A.what B.who C.which D.why
39.(2023上·天津河北·九年级统考期末)A dictionary is a book ________ tells you the meaning of the word.
A.who B.which C.whom D.what
40.(2023上·福建厦门·九年级统考期末)Teachers often tell us that challenges bring us chances ________ can make us better and wiser.
A.which B.when C.where
二、完成句子
41.(2023·贵州遵义·统考三模)我更喜欢能随之起舞的音乐,它能使我放松。
I music I can dance to, it can help me relax.
42.(2023·贵州贵阳·统考三模)我们应该对那些帮助过和支持过我们的人心存感激。
We should be thankful for the people and supported us.
43.(2023·广东广州·执信中学校考三模)后来,他的同学教了他一些非常实用的技巧。
Then, his classmates taught him some skills .
44.(2023·贵州铜仁·统考三模)犯过错误的人能够从中学到更多。
The person mistakes can learn more from them.
45.(2023·广东广州·校考二模)对此活动感兴趣的师生都可以参加。
Teachers and students the activity can join in.
46.(2023·贵州铜仁·统考模拟预测)他是一个获得了诺贝尔文学奖的优秀作家。
He is a great writer the Nobel Prize in Literature.
47.(2023·山东枣庄·枣庄市第十五中学校考一模)Dance of the Golden Snake be a piece of music suits the festivities.
《金蛇狂舞》一定是一首适合庆祝活动的乐曲。
48.(2023·贵州·统考中考真题)中国科学家屠呦呦发现了一种治疗疟疾的有效药物。
Tu Youyou is the Chinese scientist an effective drug against malaria.
49.(2023上·广东揭阳·九年级统考期末)他是住在隔壁的那个人。
He is the man in the next door.
50.(2021·广东广州·广州市第一中学校考二模)我是那些上课不迟到的学生之一。
I am one of the students never school.
参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:《愚公移山》是我读过的最好的故事。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是story,关系词在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选C。
2.A
【详解】句意:一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选A。
3.B
【详解】句意:苏炳添是目前中国跑得最快的运动员。
考查定语从句。根据语境,题干设空后是一个定语从句,先行词指人,空处作主语,因此应用who作关系词。故选B。
4.A
【详解】句意:这是我见过的最漂亮的照片。
考查定语从句。that先行词指物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语;which先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose作定语修饰名词;what不可引导定语从句。先行词由最高级the most beautiful修饰,关系词用that,故选A。
5.A
【详解】句意:北京是许多人想去的城市。在城市里,你可以看到过去和未来,梦想和激情。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句, 先行词是city,关系词在从句中作visit的宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选A。
6.D
【详解】句意:毕业典礼是一种习俗,通常在六月举行。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作主语,可用which引导定语从句。故选D。
7.A
【详解】句意:我将永远记住在我的初中教我的老师。
考查定语从句。who先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;which先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;whose后接名词。先行词teachers是指人,在从句作主语,故选A。
8.C
【详解】句意:李先生是我可以信赖的人,我信任他。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是man,关系词在从句中作宾语,用who引导定语从句。故选C。
9.C
【详解】句意:不努力的学生将不会通过考试。
考查定语从句的关系代词。whom关系代词,在从句中作宾语,指人;which关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,指物;who关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,指人。先行词为students,指人,关系词在从句作主语,因此用who。故选C。
10.A
【详解】句意:——你听过流行的儿歌《挖呀挖呀挖》吗?——是的,它有着最有趣的歌词,我能跟着这首歌一起唱。
考查定语从句的连接词。that和which都可以连接先行词是物的定语从句,但是先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,连接词只能用that,而不能用which。故选A。
11.A
【详解】句意:我认识那些正在帮助贫困儿童的志愿者。
考查定语从句的引导词。who谁,关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom谁,who的宾格形式,关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语;which哪个,关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据“I know those volunteers...are helping the poor children”可知,此处定语从句的引导词指人,在定语从句中作主语,所以用who。故选A。
12.A
【详解】句意:——在你可以养成的所有好的学习习惯中,提问是关键,因为这样你们就可以互相学习。——你是对的。
考查定语从句。that那个,修饰人或物,引导定语从句;what什么,引导名词性从句;who谁,引导定语从句,修饰人。此处是定语从句,先行词habits表示事物,因此用that引导定语从句,故选A。
13.C
【详解】句意:——克里斯,西湖太迷人了!——是的,西湖是我去过的最美丽的地方。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“the most beautiful place ... I have ever visited”可知先行词place指物,且在从句中作宾语,先行词有形容词最高级修饰,用that引导定语从句。故选C。
14.B
【详解】句意:母爱就像一个没有开始也没有结束的圆圈。它鼓舞着我们,指引着我们前进。因此我们应该向我们亲爱的母亲表达我们深深的爱。
考查which引导的定语从句。what不引导定语从句;which引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子,此处引导定语从句,先行词为a circle,指物,因此应用which引导定语从句。故选B。
15.C
【详解】句意:——你知道阿炳吗?——当然。他是一位才华横溢的民间音乐家,1893年出生于无锡市。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,可用who引导。故选C。
16.C
【详解】句意:《流浪地球2》是一部讲述人们如何努力拯救地球的电影。
考查定语从句。分析空处前后可知,这是定语从句,先行词movie指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导,故选C。
17.D
【详解】句意:张小姐做了一个非常有趣的演讲。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;where关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语;what什么,引导宾语从句,不能引导定语从句;which关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。本句先行词是“speech”,在定语从句中作主语,指物。故选D。
18.A
【详解】句意:这是一本有趣的书。
考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词,先行词为事物;where关系副词,先行词为表示地点的名词;who关系代词,先行词为人。 根据“This is the book...is interesting.”可知,句子为定语从句,先行词为book,是物品,先行词为物品,关系词在从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选A。
19.C
【详解】句意:张桂梅是我们所认识的最伟大的老师。
考查定语从句。who引导定语从句先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句;that引导定语从句先行词为人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为teacher,表示人,但因为先行词前有最高级修饰,所以多用that引导定语从句,故选C。
20.C
【详解】句意:——他们正在做什么?——他们正在谈论昨天去拜访的老师和学校。
考查定语从句的关系词。which关系代词,指物;who,关系代词,指人;that关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 指物或指人。由题可知,空格处为定语从句引导词,从句先行词是the teachers and schools,既有人又有物,从句缺宾语,故that符合题意。故选C。
21.C
【详解】句意:朱扬柱是神舟十六号的航天工程师,从小就热爱蓝天和飞行。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是spaceflight engineer,关系词在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选C。
22.B
【详解】句意:大多数学生喜欢能很好理解他们的老师。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词“teachers”指人,且关系代词在句中作主语,因此关系代词用who。故选B。
23.A
【详解】句意:俗话说,笑到最后的人笑得最好。
考查定语从句。who先行词表示人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom先行词表示人,在定语从句中作宾语;which先行词表示物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子,此处引导定语从句,先行词为he,表示人,在从句中作主语,故选A。
24.C
【详解】句意:莱昂内尔·梅西是一位伟大的足球明星,他的体育天赋让我大吃一惊。
考查定语从句。who先行词指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;that先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语;whose先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语。本句先行词指人,且连接词在从句中作定语修饰talent,故用whose。故选C。
25.C
【详解】句意:我真的很喜欢那个金发女孩。
考查定语从句引导词。who谁;whom谁,宾格;whose谁的;that那。根据“I really like the girl…hair is blond.”可知此处是定语从句,空处指的是女孩的头发 ,应填whose作定语。故选C。
26.B
【详解】句意:我的老师让我写一篇关于一本书的报告,这本书的名字是《圣诞颂歌》。
考查定语从句。根据“My teacher asks me to write a report about a book ... name is Christmas Carol.”可知,本句是定语从句,先行词是book,且在从句中作定语,修饰name,因此引导词用whose。故选B。
27.C
【详解】句意:我们必须打电话给把包丢在食堂的那位女士。
考查定语从句。who的先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;which的先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose的先行词为人或物,在从句中作定语。根据“the woman....bag”可知此处是作定语,相当于“女士的包”,应用whose,故选C。
28.B
【详解】句意:——几乎每个人都喜欢住在窗户朝南的房子里。——你是对的。
考查定语从句引导词。句子是定语从句,先行词是house,关系词在从句中作定语,应用whose引导。故选B。
29.C
【详解】句意:中国是第一个将嫦娥四号发射到月球背面的国家。
考查关系代词。what不是关系代词;who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;;that关系代词,先行词指物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语。句子先行词是nation,在句中作主语,且先行词被序数词修饰,此处关系代词用that,故选C。
30.B
【详解】句意:在毕业典礼上,我们谈论了我们记忆中的老师和事情。
考查关系代词。根据“we talked about the teachers and the things...we remember.”可知,此句是定语从句,且先行词是the teachers and the things,既有人又有物,关系代词用that。故选B。
31.A
【详解】句意:莉莉喜欢可以为游客提供免费无线网络的博物馆。
考查定语从句。根据“Lily likes museums...can provide visitors with free Wi-Fi”可知,句子为定语从句,空格处为定语从句关系词,定从先行词为museums,从句缺主语,故应用关系代词that或which。故选A。
32.B
【详解】句意:她是我曾经教过的最好的学生之一。
考查定语从句。where哪里;that那个;who谁;whom谁,宾格。根据“She is one of the best students ... I’ve ever taught.”可知,此处考查定语从句的关系词,此处先行词是人,且用形容词最高级修饰,只能用that。故选B。
33.D
【详解】句意:我们住的旅馆就在海滩上。太完美了。
考查that引导的定语从句。what什么;whom谁;whose谁的;that……的那个。根据“The hotel…we stayed in”可知名词hotel作先行词,指物,后接定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,应用which或that来引导该定语从句。故选D。
34.A
【详解】句意:这是我看过的最精彩的小说之一。
考查定语从句。分析题干可知,空后是定语从句,先行词为物,且关系词作seen的宾语,应用that引导定语从句,故选A。
35.A
【详解】句意:这是我看过的最有趣的游戏节目。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词game show,指物,且前是最高级修饰,关系词用that,故选A。
36.A
【详解】句意:迈克很感谢杨老师,因为她是第一位理解他的老师。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构,这是一个定语从句,先行词teacher是指人,关系词用that,故选A。
37.A
【详解】句意:中国在制造世界各地都能买到的高科技产品方面做得越来越好。
考查which引导的定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是“hi-tech products”,指物,引导词在从句中作主语,故选A。
38.B
【详解】句意:看!那个瘦男子就是昨天跳入河里救孩子的英雄。
考查定语从句。what不引导定语从句;先行词是人,用who或that引导;先行词是物,用which或that引导;先行词表原因,用why引导。根据“That thin man is the hero... dove into the river”可知,先行词为“the hero”,指的是人,需要用关系代词who作主语,引导定语从句。故选B。
39.B
【详解】句意:字典是一本告诉你单词含义的书。
考查定语从句。who引导定语从句,先行词是人;which引导定语从句,先行词是物;whom引导定语从句,先行词是人;what不引导定语从句。根据题干可知,本句为定语从句,先行词book指物,应用which。故选B。
40.A
【详解】句意:老师经常告诉我们,挑战给我们带来机会,使我们变得更好,更聪明。
考查定语从句关系词。which引导定语从句,在句中作主语/宾语,先行词是物;when引导定语从句,在句中作时间状语;where引导定语从句,在句中作地点状语。设空处在句中作主语,先行词chances指物,关系代词用which。故选A。
41. prefer that/which
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,prefer“更喜欢”。本句是一般现在时,主语是第一人称,谓语动词用其原形。分析句子可知,第二空缺少连接词引导定语从句,先行词指物,故用that或which引导。故填prefer;that/which。
42. who/that helped
【详解】people后是定语从句,先行词是people,关系词作主语,应用who/that;help“帮助”,动词,结合“supported”可知应用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填who/that;helped。
43. which/that were very useful
【详解】根据语境及汉语含义可知,此处为定语从句。先行词skills“技巧,技能”指物,且在从句中作主语,关系词用which/that;从句为系表结构“be动词+形容词”表示“技巧实用”,且时态为一般过去时,先行词为复数,所以是were useful;very“非常”,副词修饰形容词useful。故填which/that;were;very;useful。
44. who/that made
【详解】由“The person…mistakes can learn more from them.”可知,句子是一个含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是the person,关系词在从句中作主语,关系词用who或that;犯错误:make mistakes,固定搭配,应用其过去式made,表之前犯的错误。故填who/that;made。
45. who/that are interested in
【详解】根据句意可知用一般现在时,此处要表示“对此活动感兴趣的师生”,主语后用定语从句,“对……感兴趣”be interested in,先行词指人,在从句中作主语,用who或that引导定语从句,结合“Teachers and students”可知从句中be动词用are。故填who/that;are;interested;in。
46. who/that won
【详解】根据题干可知,应用定语从句,获得:win,是动词,此处表示过去发生的事情,应用过去式;先行词a great writer是人,在从句中作主语,用who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that;won。
47. must which/that
【详解】must“一定”,是情态动词;分析第二空的前后可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是a piece of music,指物,从句缺主语,所以应用which或that引导定语从句。故填must;which/that。
48. who/that discovered
【详解】此处含定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,用who/that引导定语从句;discover“发现”,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故填who/that;discovered。
49. who/that lives
【详解】分析句子结构可知,此处是一个定语从句,先行词man指人,在从句中作主语,关系词用who或that;此句是一般现在时,先行词man是单数形式,动词用三单,live“居住”,故填who/that;lives。
50. who/that are late for
【详解】此处可用定语从句修饰the students,指人,引导词在从句中作主语,用who/that引导;be late for“迟到”,时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填who/that;are;late;for。
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