高中试卷答案网上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年度第一学期
高一英语期中考试试卷
(满分150分，答案一律写在答题纸上)
第Ⅰ卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Attending to an emergency case. B. Having a health check-up.
C. Being interviewed about heart disease. D. Preparing for a heart surgery.
2. A. The man can change his room later. B. She’s busy with her business right now.
C. She has no spare room for a change. D. She has no spare room later.
3. A. Only five people have sent in their applications.
B. The 20 applicants will be called for interview.
C. They expect more applications will come.
D. The want ad has met with a good response.
4. A. Mosquitoes keep annoying him. B. He’s been bitten by mosquitoes in the face.
C. There are mosquitoes on his face. D. He feels pain with mosquito bites.
5. A. Selecting records. B. Attending a concert.
C. Conducting an orchestra. D. Planning a concert programmer.
6. A. The damage to the car isn’t too serious
B. The back of the car is badly damaged.
C. The other driver was responsible for the car accident.
D. She didn’t think the man could still drive the car.
7. A. At a snack bar. B. At a chemist’s. C. At a butcher’s. D. At a buffet.
8. A. To change for a bus of the Maple Avenue line.
B. To have a free transfer to Maple Avenue.
C. To find out the route of the Maple Avenue line.
D. To get off at the stop before Maple Avenue.
9. A. She will think before expressing her opinion.
B. She will think find out how people respond to the proposal.
C. She will find out how people respond to the proposal.
D. She will support the man’s curriculum proposal.
10. A. Reviews of the comedy are negative.
B. The reaction of the comedy is varied.
C. The review of the newspaper is one-sided.
D. Media are prejudiced against the comedy.
Section B
Directions: In section B, you will hear several short passages and longer conversations, and you will be asked some questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The lists of hurricane names that had ever been used.
B. Stewart’s story about the system of naming hurricanes.
C. Reporting hurricanes with the navy alphabet code.
D. Naming hurricanes after girls in alphabetical order.
12. A. There were not enough girls’ names for hurricanes.
B. There was no universally recognized reporting system.
C. Confusion occurred when hurricanes came at the same time.
D. People got mixed-up when tagging hurricanes with letters.
13. A. By giving each hurricane a name of its own alphabetically.
B. By naming hurricanes with the army alphabetical code.
C. By giving names to hurricanes in George Stewart’s way.
D. By naming hurricanes with the code for radio messages.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To arm more teachers with guns in schools.
B. To repair the building damaged in the shooting.
C. To prevent future violence on school campus.
D. To give the school resource officers a pay rise.
15. A. $98. B. $69. C. $67. D. $25.
16. A. Police can disarm people seen as mentally unfit to carry guns.
B. Guns that can fire fast are banned on school campus.
C. More armed school resource officers will be hired.
D. Teachers are trained to carry guns on school campus.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Native American recreational dances.
B. An Indian classic dance and a religious dance.
C. American community dances.
D. An Indian war dance and a grass dance.
18. A. All their dances are performed by the India dancers.
B. The details of their dances are approved by the elder Indians.
C. All their dances are specially chosen by the native Indians.
D. Their dances’ every detail is agreed on in the Indian communities.
19. A. To show that the Indian dances are just entertainment.
B. To show that the Indian dances are for a theatrical event.
C. To show that in the Indian culture dances are ceremonial.
D. To show that they reproduce the ancient Indian scenes.
20. A. The American ceremonial cultures. B. The American Indian dances.
C. The Indian religious ceremonies. D. The Indian traditional dance styles.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (33’+10’+10’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she has spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她说她永远不会忘记她在我们公司做秘书的那段时间。分析句子结构可知，此处应为定语从句，从句中缺少spent的宾语，所以使用关系代词，先行词the time指的是事物，所以使用关系代词which或者that。故选A项。
2. The modern history of the U.S. dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.
A. when B. if C. since D. until
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：美国的现代史可以追溯到1860年，在那年美国统一了。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1860，应用关系副词when引导，在从句中作时间状语。其他选项均不引导定语从句。故选A项。
3. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ______ consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A. which B. whose C. that D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：啤酒是男性饮酒者中最受欢迎的饮料，男性喝啤酒的总消费量明显高于女性。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为male drinkers，在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。
4. In our video-first age, children and adults watch the same things on television, ______ was never true for books.
A. as B. since C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我们这个以视频为主的时代，儿童和成人在电视上看的东西是一样的，而在书本上看的东西则完全不同。分析句子可知，“ was never true for books.”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，句中“儿童和成人看的东西是一样的”这一情况在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D项。
5. Mr. White, who I ______ to the south of France, still lives in London.
A. think to have moved B. think had moved
C. thought had moved D. thought have moved
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：怀特先生，我以为他已经搬到了法国南部，现在仍然住在伦敦。根据句意可知，I后应用一般过去时，think的过去式thought，表示“原以为”，动词move发生在thought之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选C项。
6. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television ______ the newspaper.
A. replaced B. will be replaced by C. replaces D. will replace
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：虽然人们可能会在电视上看到最新的新闻，但电视不太可能取代报纸。根据句意可知，unlikely后的从句表示将来不太可能实现的事情，应用一般将来时；动词replace和主语之间是主动关系，排除B。故选D项。
7. Then the unthinkable happened. A cardiovascular (心血管的) accident sent him into a deep coma (昏迷), ______ he emerged 20 days later in a hospital on the north-east coast of France.
A. where B. from which C. which D. from where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然后不可思议的事情发生了。一场心血管事故使他陷入深度昏迷，20天后在法国东北海岸的一家医院苏醒过来。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句。先行词 a deep coma，在从句中作emerge from后面宾语，所以应用which，emerge from表“脱离”，为固定短语，且把from提前放置关系代词后面，从而构成B选项答案。故选B项。
8. We are living in an age ______ many books and magazines can be read online.
A. when B. that C. whose D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个许多书籍和杂志都可以在网上阅读的时代。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词age，意为“时代”，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表示“在这个时代”，应使用关系副词when引导该从句。故选A项。
9. — Has Mark come back from Greece
— Yes, he came home months ago, but ______ there for three years.
A. has been stayed B. stayed C. had stayed D. stays
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——马克从希腊回来了吗？——是的，他几个月前回家了，但在那里呆了三年。根据句意可知，马克已经回到家了，所以待在希腊是过去的事情，因此时态用一般过去时，故选B。
10. ______ that snowmen were often spotted on the mountainside above 7,000 meters by the local inhabitants.
A. It was used to be saying B. It used to be said
C. It used to say D. It was used to saying
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：以前人们常说，经常在7000米以上的山腰上看到雪人。It be said that...是固定句型，意为“据说……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导真正的主语，是主语从句；used to do...是特殊情态动词，意为“过去常常”，其后跟动词原形；It used to be said是两种结构的结合，意为“以前人们常说……”。故选B项。
11. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in the climate zone ______ mosquitoes transmit malaria.
A. that B. whose C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：世界上大约45%的人口生活在蚊子传播疟疾的气候区。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为the climate zone ，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故选D项。
12. The professor and her achievement ______ you told me about are admired by us all.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你告诉我的那位教授和她的成就受到我们大家的钦佩。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词中既有人也有事物，应用关系代词that引导，在从句中作宾语。故选C项。
13. Government should bear a greater responsibility ______ funding and setting up a monitoring mechanism to support the education reform.
A. on account of B. regardless of C. on behalf of D. in terms of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：就资助和建立监督机制而言，政府应该承担更大的责任，以支持教育改革。A. on account of因为；B. regardless of 不管；C. on behalf of 代表；D. in terms of在……方面，就……而言。根据句意和常识可知，就资助和建立监督机制这两个方面而言，政府应该承担更大的责任，故使用固定短语in terms of。故选D。
14. A similar mechanism may perhaps ______ the fact that some group-living animals drive sick or injured individuals out of the group.
A. result from B. bring out C. account for D. approve of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：类似的机制也许可以解释一些群居动物将生病或受伤的个体赶出群体的事实。A. result from由……造成；B. bring out生产，出版；C. account for解释，说明；D. approve of赞成。结合句意可知，此处指“类似的机制也许可以说明这一事实的原因”，用动词短语account for。故选C。
15. When I am about to go ______ a plane to go ______, I often think of a funny joke told by my dad.
A. abroad, broad B. board, broad C. aboard, board D. aboard, abroad
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词与副词等辨析。句意：当我准备登机出国时，我经常想起爸爸讲的一个有趣的笑话。aboard可用作介词（或副词），意为“在（船、飞机等）上”，go aboard a plane表示“登机”；abroad用作副词，go abroad意为“到国外，出国”；broad是形容词“宽阔的”；board是名词“板”，也可作动词，意为“上飞机等”。空1处需用介词aboard，空2处需用副词abroad。故选D项。
16. In an economy depression, it ______ severely for two or more years.
A. expands B. extends C. contracts D. stretches
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在经济萧条时期，它会严重收缩两年或更长时间。A. expands扩展；B. extends延伸；C. contracts收缩；D. stretches伸展肢体。由“economy depression和severely”可知，句子表示“在经济萧条时期，它会严重收缩两年或更长时间”，空格处意为“收缩”。故选C。
17. The upcoming film festival will ______ several documentaries from Asian countries.
A. overlook B. view C. feature D. dismiss
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即将到来的电影节将放映几部来自亚洲国家的纪录片。A. overlook忽视，俯瞰；B. view观看；C. feature以……为特色，以……为主要组成部分；D. dismiss消除，不予考虑。根据句意可知，电影节以几部纪录片为组成部分。故选C项。
18. Given the breadth of her research, her ______ knowledge on the topic is evident in every chapter of her book.
A. superficial B. intensive C. explosive D. extensive
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】形容词词义辨析。句意：鉴于她的研究范围之广，她对这一主题的广泛了解在她的书的每一章中都很明显。A. superficial肤浅的；B. intensive密集的；C. explosive易爆炸的，爆发（性）的；D. extensive广泛的。根据前文“Given the breadth of her research”可知，她对这一主题有广泛了解。故选D项。
19. This theory may provide a ______ explanation for the origins of the universe.
A. promising B. convincing C. rewarding D. demanding
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一理论可能为宇宙的起源提供一个令人信服的解释。A. promising有希望的；B. convincing令人信服的；C. rewarding值得做的；D. demanding要求高的。根据空后的“the origins of the universe (宇宙的起源)”可知，此处是在讲述“这一理论可能为宇宙的起源提供一个令人信服的解释”，故填convincing。故选B。
20. I was ______ away with the music of the musical The Phantom of the Opera.
A. taken B. buried C. put D. carried
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我被音乐剧《歌剧魅影》的音乐迷住了。A. be taken away被带走；B. be buried away被埋葬；C. be put away被放好；D. be carried away被迷住。根据后文“with the music of the musical The Phantom of the Opera.”此处指被音乐剧《歌剧魅影》的音乐迷住了。故选D。
21. These communities are now turning to recycling as a cheaper ______ to landfills.
A. agreement B. approach C. appeal D. alternative
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些社区现正开始用回收这种较为廉价的方法替代废物填埋法。A. agreement协议；B. approach方法；C. appeal呼吁；D. alternative供替代的选择，可供选择的事物。根据句意可知，回收利用替代废物填埋，是更廉价的方法。故选D项。
22. The newly-published book of the famous economist is really ______. Few of us can understand it.
A. attractive B. accessible C. abstract D. absolute
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位著名经济学家新近出版的那本书真的很抽象。我们中很少有人能理解。A. attractive有吸引力的；B. accessible可接近的；C. abstract抽象的；D. absolute绝对的，完全的。根据后文“Few of us can understand it.”可知，很少有人理解，说明那本书很抽象。故选C项。
Sections B
(A)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. collectively B. engine C. convinced D. contribute E. distribute F. envisioned G. address H. increasingly I. seemingly J. engagement K. initiative
Ocean plastic has become a defining problem of our time, and a challenge to the world’s brightest thinkers and innovators. With a significant portion of plastic waste entering through rivers, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste is supporting the work of Renew Ocean to ___23___ the lack of waste infrastructure in developing regions.
Research published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2017 shows that rivers ___24___ dump anywhere from a half to three million tons of plastic into the seas every year. According to the data, ten rivers alone carry 93 percent of the river-borne plastics that end up in the ocean. To help prevent this plastic waste from reaching the ocean, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste will sponsor Renew Oceans, a localized ___25___ and investment project focused on high-leakage rivers. As a Founding Global Oceans Sponsor, the Alliance will ___26___ its materials and logistics (物流) capabilities. The National Geographic Society has also supported the Renew Oceans ___27___.
Renew Oceans is part of the Renewology partnership, a brainchild of Priyanka Bakaya. Growing up in Australia, Bakaya became fascinated by science, chemistry, and the environment. Trips to India as a child ___28___ her of the need to do something positive for an environment ___29___ strained by plastic waste. At Stanford University, she became aware of social entrepreneurship and continued developing her ideas for ending plastic waste in business school at MIT.
How does Renew Oceans plan to tackle a(n) ___30___ insurmountable (难以克服的) problem First, using proprietary (专利的) “biofence” technology designed by Renewology, plastic waste is collected as it flows down rivers and branches. ReFences divert the plastic and thus keep it from accumulating and entering the ocean. As ___31___, the program has major side benefits. The plastic collected across the developing world will be converted into fuel, while waste pickers will receive compensation directly tied to the fuel generated from the plastic they collect. Renewology can become a powerful ____32____ for empowering local communities while cleaning up the world’s trash and providing necessary fuel.
【答案】23. G 24. A
25 J 26. D
27. K 28. C
29. H 30. I
31. F 32. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章阐述了治理海洋塑料污染的计划。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：由于有很大一部分塑料废物通过河流进入，结束塑料废物联盟正在支持更新海洋的工作，以解决发展中地区的废物基础设施短缺的问题。分析句子可知，不定式作目的状语，根据上文可知，有大量塑料废物进入海洋，因此推断要address“解决”废物基础设施短缺的问题，故选G。
【24题详解】
考查副词。句意：2017年发表在《环境科学技术》上的研究显示，河流每年总共向海洋倾倒500万到300万吨的塑料。根据下文的“from a half to three million tons of plastic”可知，此处说的是塑料总共可以达到50万到300万吨，修饰动词dump用副词作状语，collectively“总共地”，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了帮助防止这些塑料废物进入海洋，结束塑料废物联盟将赞助更新海洋，这是一个专注于高泄漏河流的本地化参与和投资项目。and连接并列成分，由下文的“investment”可推断，用名词，结合句意，engagement “参与”符合语境，故选J。
【26题详解】
考查动词：句意：作为全球海洋的创始赞助商，该联盟将贡献其材料和物流能力。分析句子可知，will后接动词原形，根据语境可知，此处表示联盟做出贡献，contribute“贡献”符合语境，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：国家地理学会也支持了更新海洋的倡议。分析句子可知，此处选用名词作宾语，根据上文“To help prevent this plastic waste from reaching the ocean, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste will sponsor Renew Oceans”可知，这是结束塑料废物联盟提出的倡议，initiative“倡议”符合语境，故选K。
【28题详解】
考查动词，句意：小时候去印度的旅行使她相信，有必要为一个因塑料废物而日益紧张的环境做一些积极的事情。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，由下文的“有必要为一个环境做一些积极的事情”说明小时候去印度的旅行使她相信这一点，convince“使信服”符合语境，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。分析句子可知，修饰非谓语动词“strained”用副词作状语，根据句意，increasingly“日益增长地”符合语境，故选H。
【30题详解】
考查副词。句意：更新海洋计划如何解决一个看似不可逾越的问题？分析句子可知，修饰形容词用副词作状语，根据句意，seemingly“看上去地”。故选I。
【31题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如前所设想，该项目有主要的附带好处。分析句子可知，此处是状语从句的省略，要选用非谓语动词，根据语境，envision“设想；想象”，符合句意，as envisioned表示如同前面设想的，故选F。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：更新可以成为为当地社区供电的强大引擎，同时清理世界垃圾和提供必要的燃料。分析句子可知，形容词修饰名词，选用名词作表语，根据句意，engine“引擎”符合语境，故用B。
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. defensively B. exited C. initiatively D. landscape E. respond F. thought G. towered H. unaffected I. uninhabited J. welcoming K. winding
Danger in the desert
That day we were deep in Chile’s Atacama Desert. There the ____33____ could often be compared to Mars. Our team of four female microbiologists watched as a car full of curious men pulled up beside us. Because we were strangers in a(n) ____34____ place, our minds immediately jumped to ways we could protect ourselves. So, ____35____ , our Chilean fellow guide lifted the strong tool she’d been using to dig up plant roots. The rest of us tried to look braver than we felt.
We had come to this desert to conduct DNA studies on giant horsetails that somehow grow well in one of Earth’s driest places. We were searching for plants in the most remote locations, where they would be ____36____ by human activities such as mining and agriculture.
We’d been warned that the trip could be dangerous. Because we were traveling so far from fuel sources, we were told to take along a can of gas. Our destination was at the end of a(n) ____37____ single-lane dirt road lined with burned-out vehicles that had not successfully negotiated the steep downslope. Our sample site was near a village, and the people might not, we were told, ____38____ positively to us. We were instructed to report our travel plans at the nearest police station so that search parties would know where to look for us if we disappeared.
We had found the amazing plants and their bright green stocks ____39____ over our heads. They aroused the ____40____ of ancient wetland plants. The men approached as we finished collecting our samples. We waited tensely as a man ____41____ the car and walked toward us. To our surprise and relief, he politely invited us to visit their village—they wanted to show us a lovely church of which they were proud. That day, we learned about more than the microbiomes that help desert plants grow well. We also met a(n) _____42_____ community who had likewise beautifully adapted to their challenging home.
【答案】33. D 34. I
35. A 36. H
37. K 38. E
39. G 40. F
41. B 42. J
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我们深入到智利的阿塔卡马沙漠深处指导巨型马尾植物的基因研究并且拜访了当地村庄的故事。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：那里的风景通常被比喻成火星。根据前面的冠词the可知，空格处应填名词，landscape“风景”为不可数名词，符合句意。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因为在这个无人居住的地方我们都是陌生人，我们在头脑中立刻想到了保护自我的方法。根据空后的place，可知空处需要填形容词，uninhabited“无人居住的”符合句意。故选I项。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：所以，作为防御，我们的智利导游举起了她一直用来挖植物根茎的结实工具。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词defensively“防御地”，修饰句子作状语，符合句意。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们在最偏远的地方寻找植物，在那里它们不受人类活动比如采矿和农业的影响。结合be和by可知，空处填过去分词，构成被动语态，unaffected“不受影响”符合句意。故选H项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们的目的地在一条蜿蜒的单车道的土路上，那里并排着很多因为未能顺利通过陡峭的下坡而被烧毁的车辆。根据后文“single-lane dirt road”可知，空格处需要填形容词作定语，winding“蜿蜒的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
38题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们的抽样地点在一个村庄的附近，我们被告知那里的人们有可能不会积极地回应我们。根据前文“might not”可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，respond“回应”为动词，且情态动词后填动词原形。故选E项。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们已经发现了神奇的植物并且它们明亮绿色的根茎高过我们的头顶。分析句子可知，空格处填谓语动词，根据句意空格处需要填一般过去时，towered“高出”为动词的过去式，符合句意。故选G项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：它们让我们想起了古代的湿地植物。根据前面的冠词the和后文“of ancient wetland plants.”可知，空格处应填名词单数，thought“想法”为名词单数，符合句意。故选F项。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们紧张地等待着，这时一个男人下了汽车走向我们时。根据后文“and walked”可知，空格处应填动词和walked并列，exited“退出”为动词过去式，符合句意。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们也遇到了一个受人欢迎的群体他们可能完美地适应了他们充满挑战的家园。根据后文名词“community”可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，welcoming“受欢迎的”为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Great PowerPoint Panic of 2003.
Sixteen minutes before touchdown on the morning of February 1, 2003, the space shuttle Columbia (“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机)___43___ into the cloudless East Texas sky. All seven astronauts aboard were killed. As the shattered shuttle flew toward Earth in pieces, it looked to its live TV viewers like a swarm of shooting stars.
The immediate ___44___ of the disaster, a report from a NASA Accident Investigation Board determined that August, was a piece of insulating foam (绝缘泡沫胶) that had broken loose and damaged the shuttle’s left wing soon after liftoff. But the report also ___45___ out a less direct, more surprising cause. Engineers had known about - and inappropriately___46___ - the wing damage long before Columbia’s attempted reentry, but the flaws in their analysis were ___47___ in a series of overstuffed computer-presentation slides that were shown to NASA officials.
By the start of 2003, the phrase “death by PowerPoint” had well and truly entered the ___48___ vocabulary. Edward Tufte was the first to have taken it literally: That spring, the Yale statistician published a booklet entitled The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint, whose core argument was that the medium of communication influences the substance of communication. While PowerPoint, as a medium, did not ___49___ create unclear, lazy presentations, it certainly ___50___ and sometimes even masked them — with potentially deadly consequences. This is exactly what Tufte saw in the Columbia engineers’ slides.
Wired ran an excerpt (节选) from Tufte’s booklet in September 2003 under the headline “PowerPoint Is Evil.” A few months later, The New York Times Magazine included his assessment — summarized as “PowerPoint Makes You Dumb” — in its ___51___ of the year’s most important ideas. “Perhaps PowerPoint is uniquely suited to our modern age of confusion,” the entry read.
Despite the backlash it inspired in the ___52___, the presentation giant rolls on. The program has more monthly users than ever before, well into the hundreds of millions. During lockdown, people ___53___ PowerPoint parties on Zoom. Kids now make PowerPoint presentations for their parents when they want to get a puppy. If PowerPoint is evil, then evil ___54___ the world.
On its face at least, the idea that PowerPoint makes us stupid looks like a textbook case of misguided technological doomsaying. Today’s concerns about social media somehow resemble the PowerPoint critique. Both boil down to a worry that new media technologies ___55___ form over substance, that they are designed to hold our attention rather than to convey truth, and that they make us stupid.
___56___, concerns about new media rarely seem to make a difference. If the innovation did change the way we think, we are measuring its effects with an altered mind. Either the critical remarks were wrong, or they were so right that we can no longer tell the ___57___.
43.
A. disappeared B. disintegrated C. distributed D. disappointed
44.
A. side B. cause C. feature D. issue
45.
A. collected B. unified C. dropped D. single
46.
A. discounted B. viewed C. accessed D. founded
47.
A. muted B. absorbed C. buried D. sunk
48.
A. technical B. popular C. negative D. special
49.
A. possibly B. reasonably C. ordinarily D. necessarily
50.
A. accommodated B. combined C. distinguished D. enhanced
51.
A. abstract B. repetition C. review D. brief
52.
A. press B. publication C. media D. criticism
53.
A. opened B. created C. threw D. jumped
54.
A. rules B. harmonizes C. impacts D. roars
55.
A. feature B. encourage C. value D. defend
56.
A. Therefore B. However C. Certainly D. Surprisingly
57.
A. difference B. truth C. time D. concern
【答案】43. B 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. B 57. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章讨论了幻灯片带来的恐慌。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2003年2月1日早晨，在着陆前16分钟，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在德克萨斯州东部万里无云的天空中解体。A. disappeared消失；B. disintegrated崩溃，瓦解；C. distributed打扰；D. disappointed使失望。由下文“As the shattered shuttle flew toward Earth in pieces, it looked to its live TV viewers like a swarm of shooting stars.”可知，哥伦比亚号航天飞机的碎片飞向地球，这说明它解体了，故选B。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国国家航空航天局事故调查委员会的一份报告确定，造成这场灾难的直接原因是一块绝缘泡沫在升空后不久就破裂并损坏了航天飞机的左翼。A. side一边；B. cause原因；C. feature特征；D. issue问题。下文“was a piece of insulating foam (绝缘泡沫胶) that had broken loose and damaged the shuttle’s left wing soon after liftoff. ”解释了造成这场灾难的原因，即一块绝缘泡沫在升空后不久就破裂并损坏了航天飞机的左翼。下文“But the report also ______ out a less direct, more surprising cause. ”中的cause也是提示，故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但该报告也指出了一个不那么直接、更令人惊讶的原因。A. collected收集；B. unified统一，联合；C. dropped掉落；D. single挑选。由下文“out a less direct, more surprising cause”可知，报告还单独指出一个不那么直接、更令人惊讶的原因，single out固定搭配，意为“单独挑选出”，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在哥伦比亚号试图重返大气层之前，工程师们就已经知道机翼损坏的情况，并且不恰当地低估了这件事，但是他们所分析的这些缺陷被掩盖在一系列塞得满满的计算机演示幻灯片中，这些幻灯片被展示给了 NASA 官员。A. discounted打折，低估；B. viewed看待；C. accessed进入；D. founded建立。由下文“the wing damage long before Columbia’s attempted reentry”可知，工程师们低估了机翼损坏的情况，这也是导致哥伦比亚号失事的一个原因，故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在哥伦比亚号试图重返大气层之前，工程师们就已经知道机翼损坏的情况，并并且不恰当地低估了这件事，但是他们所分析的这些缺陷被掩盖在一系列塞得满满的计算机演示幻灯片中，这些幻灯片被展示给了 NASA 官员。A. muted消音，减弱；B. absorbed吸收；C. buried埋葬；D. sunk下沉，掩盖，消失，无音信。but前后是转折关系，由下文“in a series of overstuffed computer-presentation slides that were shown to NASA officials.”和上文提到工程师低估了机翼受损这件事，所关于机翼受损的分析被淹没在一些列的幻灯片中，故选D。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到2003年初，“死于PowerPoint”这个短语已经真正进入了负面词汇的行列。A. technical技术的；B. popular有名的；C. negative消极的；D. special特别的。由下文“sometimes even masked them — with potentially deadly consequences.”可知，幻灯片会造成致命的后果，所以说这个短语进入了负面词汇的行列，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管 PPT 作为一种媒介，通常不会制作含糊不清、懒散的演示文稿，但它肯定会对这些演示文稿有所区分，有时甚至会掩盖这些演示文稿——可能造成致命的后果。A. possibly可能地；B. reasonably合理地；C. ordinarily通常；D. necessarily有必要地。由下文“create unclear, lazy presentations”可知，PPT 作为一种媒介，通常不会制作含糊不清、懒散的演示文稿，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管 PPT 作为一种媒介，通常不会制作含糊不清、懒散的演示文稿，但它肯定会对这些演示文稿有所区分，有时甚至会掩盖这些演示文稿——可能造成致命的后果。A. accommodated适应；B. combined结合；C. distinguished使有区别，区分；D. enhanced提高。由下文“and sometimes even masked them — with potentially deadly consequences.”中的even可知，前后是程度的加深，即区分这些演示文稿，甚至掩盖，这样可能会造成致命的后果，故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，《纽约时报杂志》(New York Times Magazine)将他的评估——总结为“PPT 让你哑口无言”——纳入了今年最重要的创意摘要。A. abstract摘要；B. repetition重复；C. review评论；D. brief概要，摘要。由上文“summarized as “PowerPoint Makes You Dumb”可知，此处指在今年的创意摘要中进行总结，abstract侧重于论文等的摘要，brief表示简短的摘要，故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管它在媒体上激起了强烈的反弹，这个演示巨人还是继续前行。A. press新闻工作者，新闻报道；B. publication出版，发行，出版物；C. media媒体；D. criticism批评。由下文“The program has more monthly users than ever before, well into the hundreds of millions.”中的the program可知，这个节目属于新闻媒体方面，故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：封锁期间，人们在Zoom上举办 PPT 派对。A. opened打开；B. created制作；C. threw扔，举行；D. jumped跳跃。throw a party固定搭配，意为“举行聚会”，由下文“parties”可知，此处指举行聚会，故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果幻灯片是邪恶的，那么邪恶使世界和谐。A. rules统治；B. harmonizes使和谐；C. impacts影响；D. roars吼叫。由上文提到的“Kids now make PowerPoint presentations for their parents when they want to get a puppy.”孩子想要小狗回给父母做PPT来展示，这使父母与孩子之间的关系和谐，由此可知，如果幻灯片是邪恶的，那么邪恶使世界和谐，故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两者都归结为一种担忧，即新媒体技术重视形式胜过重视实质，它们的设计目的是吸引我们的注意力，而不是传达真相，它们让我们变得愚蠢。A. feature以……特征；B. encourage鼓励；C. value重视；D. defend打败。由下文“that they are designed to hold our attention rather than to convey truth, and that they make us stupid.”可知，新媒体技术的设计目的是吸引我们的注意力，而不是传达真相，这说明新媒体技术重视形式而非实质，故选C。
【56题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对新媒体的担忧似乎很少起到作用。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Certainly无疑；D. Surprisingly惊人地，出乎意料地。上文“Both boil down to a worry that new media technologies________form over substance, that they are designed to hold our attention rather than to convey truth, and that they make us stupid.”提到新媒体技术重视形式胜过重视实质，这使人们担忧，下文提到人们的担忧并没有用，前后是转折关系，应用however，故选B。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：要么这些批评是错误的，要么批评是如此正确以至于我们再也分辨不出区别了。A. difference差别；B. truth事实；C. time时间；D. concern关心。由上文“Either the critical remarks were wrong, or they were so right that we can no longer tell the”可知，这些批判如此正确以至于我们都分辨不出来，故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.
The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them What makes them ache What do they long for
It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass (罗盘) that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.
I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others based on my unique knowledge and experience.
If this resonates with (与……共鸣) you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it — not just personally, but also collectively.
58. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE
A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.
B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.
C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.
D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.
59. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean
A. be relatively similar to B. cause something to be stronger than
C. make something less important D. block off light from something
60. What of the following might the author agree with
A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.
B. One should draw on wider knowledge in order to judge others objectively.
C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.
D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.
61. Why does the author write the article
A. To promote harmonious living. B. To ask people not to judge others.
C. To call on readers to learn his values. D. To share his values of understanding the world.
【答案】58. B 59. C 60. B 61. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章中分享了他理解世界的价值观。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“People generally see themselves through achievements.(人们通常通过成就来看待自己)”及第二段第一句“The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure.(这样做的问题在于，它会鼓励自己和他人根据一些相对不重要的标准来判断自己的价值)”可知，人们通常根据别人的成就来判断他们的价值。故选B。
【59题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned.(这样做的问题在于，它会鼓励自己和他人根据一些相对不重要的标准来判断自己的价值。例如，有一天，他们的教育文凭可能会_______他们真正学到的东西)”可知，作者认为，问题在于人们可能会通过一些相对不重要的东西来判断自己的价值。例子中的educational diploma就是相对不重要的东西。由此推知，此处表达的意思就是“文凭可能会掩盖他们实际学到的东西”。故可猜测出划线词overshadow意为“掩盖，使某物没那么重要”，也就是使真正学习到的东西没那么重要。故选C。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments.(我能做的最善良、最真诚的事情，就是在做出判断之前，去看看、认识和理解另一个人)”可推知，作者认为为了客观地评价别人，一个人应该广博一些知识。故选B。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values.(正是本着这种精神，我想公开分享我的价值观)”以及最后一段中“If this resonates with (与……共鸣) you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world.(如果这与你产生共鸣，我邀请你加入我理解和联系这个复杂世界的旅程)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享他理解世界的价值观。故选D。
(B)
“Changing the world” might seem like an unrealistic goal. When faced with huge problems such as air pollution or energy shortages, where do you start Gogoro believes you start with a scooter.
Proof of concept In 2015, Gogoro broke onto the scene by releasing an electric scooter called the Smart-scooter. Unlike most electric scooters. This one wouldn’t need to plugged in to recharge. Instead, users would stop by GoStations to exchange drained batteries for fully charged ones. Gogoro was taking a risk. If people were not happy with the system of changing batteries the whole project could fail. They didn’t need to worry, though. Only one year later Gogoro sold their 10,000th Smart-scooter!
Setting the bar Fast forward to 2019 and the release of the Series 3 Smart-scooter. Gogoro scooters are as popular and revolutionary as ever. Their bright colors are chosen by Beatrice Santiccioli, a famous color designer who helped shape major brands like Apple, Nike and Swatch. In addition to the scooters’ bright colors, plenty of cool accessories (配件) are available so you can make your scooter your own. But most important of all, Gogoro continues to pave the way toward a future of responsible energy consumption.
Looking forward Multiple cities and countries have committed to making their transportation all-electric in the coming years, and Gogoro is helping make the possible. Ordered a package Companies like DHL and Taiwan Post now have fleets of Smart-scooters to make deliveries. Need a ride Unlock a Gogoro in Berlin, Paris or Madrid, thanks to scooter sharing services. The Smart-scooters is definitely ingenious, but there’s more. “At Gogoro, I think the essential thing is that we want to change how people use energy. And the Smart-scooters is only the beginning.” says Horace Luke, Gogoro co-founder and CEO. This is where the GoStation comes in.
62. Compared with other electric scooters, the Smart-scooter ______.
A. can recharge itself in Gostations in mega-cities
B. only needs to change batteries in Gostations
C. wouldn’t need to be recharged at all in life
D. can be recharged by its users in Gostations
63. Gogoro scooters are popular and revolutionary mainly because ______.
A. their colors are chosen by a famous color designer
B. their colors are different from those of others
C. it is a good way for people to consume energy
D. it can help us solve the problem of energy short
64. What can we conclude from the passage
A. The more mega-cities there are, the more GoStations may appear.
B. GoStations will soon entirely take the place of traditional stations.
C. People need not go to GoStations especially during peak hours.
D. More mega-cities will appear throughout the world in the future.
【答案】62. B 63. C 64. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Gogoro公司及其电动滑板车Smart-scooter的相关信息。Gogoro公司致力于改变人们使用能源的方式，其电动滑板车Smart-scooter具有更换电池的优点，同时也有许多酷炫的配件可供选择。多个城市和国家已经承诺在未来几年内实现所有交通工具的电动化，而Gogoro公司正在为实现这一目标做出贡献。
62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike most electric scooters. This one wouldn’t need to plugged in to recharge. Instead, users would stop by GoStations to exchange drained batteries for fully charged ones.(不像大多数电动滑板车。这一款不需要插电充电。取而代之的是，用户可以在GoStations停车将耗尽的电池换成充满电的电池。)”可知，与其他电动滑板车相比，Smart-scooter只需只需要在Gostations换电池。故选B。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Fast forward to 2019 and the release of the Series 3 Smart-scooter. Gogoro scooters are as popular and revolutionary as ever. Their bright colors are chosen by Beatrice Santiccioli, a famous color designer who helped shape major brands like Apple, Nike and Swatch. In addition to the scooters’ bright colors, plenty of cool accessories (配件) are available so you can make your scooter your own. But most important of all, Gogoro continues to pave the way toward a future of responsible energy consumption.(时间快进到2019年，3系列智能滑板车发布。Gogoro滑板车一如既往地流行和革命性。它们明亮的色彩是由著名色彩设计师Beatrice Santiccioli选择的，她帮助塑造了苹果、耐克和斯沃琪等主要品牌。除了滑板车鲜艳的颜色，还有很多很酷的配件可供选择，所以你可以让你的滑板车成为你自己的。但最重要的是，Gogoro继续为未来负责任的能源消费铺平道路。)”可知，Gogoro滑板车之所以流行和具有革命性，与它“明亮的色彩”、“很酷的配件”和“为未来负责任的能源消费奠定了基础”有关。结合选项可知，Gogoro滑板车流行和具有革命性是因为“它是人们使用能源的好方法”是正确表述。故选C。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Multiple cities and countries have committed to making their transportation all-electric in the coming years, and Gogoro is helping make the possible.(许多城市和国家已经承诺在未来几年内实现全电动交通，而Gogoro正在帮助实现这一目标。)”和最后一段“The Smart-scooters is definitely ingenious, but there’s more. “At Gogoro, I think the essential thing is that we want to change how people use energy. And the Smart-scooters is only the beginning.” says Horace Luke, Gogoro co-founder and CEO. This is where the GoStation comes in.(智能滑板车确实很有创意，但还会有更多。“在Gogoro，我认为最重要的是我们想要改变人们使用能源的方式。而智能滑板车仅仅是个开始。”Gogoro联合创始人兼首席执行官霍勒斯 卢克表示。这就是GoStation的作用。)”可知，越来越多的城市会加入到电动交通的行列，人们使用能源的方式会得到改变，而GoStation会在其中扮演了重要角色。由此推知，大城市越多，GoStation就会越多。故选A。
(C)
One of the most famous works of art in the world is Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. Nearly everyone who goes to see the original will already be familiar with it from reproductions, but they accept that fine art is more rewardingly viewed in its original form.
Despite an implicit recognition that the spread of good reproductions can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors.
One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. As repositories of unique historical objects, art museums are often called ‘treasure houses’. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards, attendants, ropes and display cases to keep us away from the exhibits. In many cases, the architectural style of the building further reinforces that notion. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, each with dozens of works, any one of which is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative ‘worthlessness’ in such an environment.
Furthermore, consideration of the ‘value’ of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that, since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge monetary value by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is deterred from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of reading which would originally have met the work.
The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such diverse paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This ‘displacement effect’ is further heightened by the sheer volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months.
This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. By contrast, the audience encounters an opera or a play over a specific time, which is the duration of the performance. Similarly, novels and poems are read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of de tail and labour that is involved.
Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialised academic approach devoted to ‘discovering the meaning’ of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in perfect harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving ‘authentic’, ‘original’ readings of the exhibits.
65. The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate .
A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art.
B. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values.
C. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinions of themselves.
D. the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes.
66. The writer says that today, viewers may be unwilling to criticise a work because .
A. they lack the knowledge needed to support an opinion.
B. they fear it may have financial implications.
C. they have no real concept of the work’s value.
D. they feel their personal reaction is of no significance.
67. According to the writer, the “displacement effect” on the visitor is caused by .
A. the variety of works on display and the way they are arranged.
B. the impossibility of viewing particular works of art over a long period.
C. the similar nature of the paintings and the lack of great works.
D. the inappropriate nature of the individual works selected for exhibition.
68. The writer says that unlike other forms of art, a painting does not .
A. involve direct contact with an audience.
B. require a specific location for a performance.
C. need the involvement of other professionals.
D. have a specific beginning or end.
【答案】65. C 66. D 67. A 68. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了博物馆过分强调原创作品的特殊价值，反而严重限制了游客的体验，令游客对自己产生负面的评价，不愿尝试自主的评价，被作品的错位置换所震动。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, each with dozens of works, any one of which is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative ‘worthlessness’ in such an environment.(此外，像伦敦国家美术馆这样的大型藏品被安置在许多房间里，每个房间里都有几十件作品，其中任何一件作品的价值都可能超过普通游客的全部藏品。在一个以物质价值来判断个人地位的社会中，在这样的环境中，一个人很难不被自己相对的“毫无价值”所打动)”可知，伦敦国家美术馆的大型藏品会让游客意识到自己相对来说“毫无价值”。因此，作者提到伦敦国家美术馆是为了说明博物馆对游客自我评价的负面影响。故选C。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is deterred from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of reading which would originally have met the work.(显然，观众对作品的任何想法都不会改变其价值，因此，今天的观众不再试图扩展那种自发的、即时的、自力更生的阅读，而这种阅读本来是与作品相符合的)”可知，今天的观众可能不愿意批评一件作品的原因是他们觉得自己的个人反应没有意义。故选D。
【67题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such diverse paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This ‘displacement effect’ is further heightened by the sheer volume of exhibits.(然后，参观者可能会被看到这些不同的绘画、素描和雕塑在一个原本不是为它们而创造的环境中聚集在一起的陌生感所震撼。这种“置换效应”因展品的庞大数量而进一步加剧)”可知，作者认为，对访问者的“置换效应”是由展出作品的种类和排列方式造成的。故选A。
【68题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Similarly, novels and poems are read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish.(同样，小说和诗歌的阅读是按照规定的时间顺序进行的，而一幅画没有明确的起点，也没有明确的终点)”可知，不同于其他艺术形式，欣赏一幅画作不需要特定的起点或终点。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
(D)
Israeli Company Develops 3D Printed Beef
If there were an award for the funniest company name of 2022, then the 3D printed meat company “Steakholder” would win that award.
Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd. has introduced its new product, Omakase Beef Morsels, which are bioprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef, famous for its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is also very expensive.
The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US. ____69____
Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks. ____70____ A bite can be made juicier, chewier, and the taste can also be altered.
The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells. ____71____
“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO of Steakholder Foods. “It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”
____72____ Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists. “We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food, technology and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”
So there you have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.
A. The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.
B. Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef, chicken and even fish.
C. The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.
D. Additionally, producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.
E. The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific 3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.
F. In the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat, ready to be processed into the final product, whether it’s a burger, steak, or even a meatloaf.
【答案】69. B 70. C 71. F 72. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍以色列的一家公司研发了3D打印牛排。
【69题详解】
根据上文“The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US.”(该公司成立于2019年，在以色列和比利时设有办事处，目前正在将业务扩展至美国。)可知，接下来要描述公司将业务扩展至美国的目的。选项B“其目标是创造可持续的肉类产品，以取代牛肉、鸡肉甚至鱼等肉类。”和上文意思一致。故选B。
【70题详解】
根据上文“Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.”(利益相关者使用牛的干细胞生产其印刷牛肉，并且肌肉组织和脂肪由两种不同的生物墨水印刷。)可知，这里主要讲述印刷牛肉的成分构成。选项C“肉和脂肪的层次可以以不同的比例重新组合，以创造不同的风味体验。”和上文意思一致。故选C。
【71题详解】
根据上文“The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.”(这个过程首先选择动物来提取干细胞。这些细胞选自能够提供最佳肉类和产量的动物。下一步是增殖，将细胞放入营养丰富的反应器中增殖。当细胞达到适当的数量时，干细胞会变成肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞。)可知，这一段主要介绍印刷牛肉的制作过程。选项F“在最后的步骤中，肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞被转化为肉，准备加工成最终产品，无论是汉堡、牛排，甚至是肉饼。”和上文意思一致。故选F。
【72题详解】
根据下文“Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists.”(其3D生物打印技术的专利是其3D打印工程师和细胞生物学家密切合作的结果。)可知，这一段主要介绍公司取得的成绩。选项A“该公司自成立以来已经取得了几个里程碑。”和下文意思一致。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷
*Section A (4’)
Directions: Fill in the blank with the proper from of the word in brackets.
73. The Pompidou center in Paris is showing its respect and ______ for the artist. (admire)(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】admiration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：巴黎 Pompidou中心对这位艺术家表示尊敬和钦佩。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，admiration表“钦佩”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填admiration。
74. Whoever formulated the theory of the ______ of the universe, it is just hypothetical and needs proving. (originally) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】origin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：无论谁提出了宇宙起源的理论，它都只是一个假设，需要证明。结合定冠词the分析句子知，提示词在句中作宾语，用名词origin，意为“起源”，the origin of……的起源，故填origin。
75. I forgot to have the milk and yogurt ______ (deliver) stopped, and as a result, they all went spoiled. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】delivery
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我忘了停止送牛奶和酸奶，结果它们都变质了。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，delivery表“运送”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填delivery。
76. Less well known is that his company even offers a flexible ______ (package) service for the food industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】packaging
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：鲜为人知的是，他的公司甚至为食品行业提供灵活的包装服务。动词package意为“打包”，分析句子结构可知，本空填不可数名词packaging“包装”，作定语，修饰service。故填packaging。
*Section B Phrase Translation (8’)
汉译英
77. 丝绸之路的起点
78. 最受欢迎的旅游目的地
79. 离市中心大概42公里
80. 更仔细地看这些地名
81. 开始他著名的旅行
82. 引人深思的事
83. 碳足迹和食物里程
84. 中国古诗的极盛时期
【答案】77. the starting point of the Silk Road
78. the most popular tourist destination
79. about 42 kilometers from the city center
80. look at these place names more carefully
81. begin his famous journey
82. thought-provoking matter
83. carbon footprint and food miles
84. the heyday of ancient Chinese poetry
【解析】
77题详解】
考查名词和介词短语。“起点”用the starting point表示，“丝绸之路的”作后置定语，用介词短语of the Silk Road表示。故译为the starting point of the Silk Road。
【78题详解】
考查形容词最高级和名词短语。“最受欢迎的”用形容词最高级the most popular表示，作定语，“旅游目的地”用名词词组tourist destination表示。故译为the most popular tourist destination。
【79题详解】
考查介词短语。“大概42公里”用介词短语about 42 kilometers表示，“离市中心”用介词短语from the city center表示，作后置定语，修饰名词kilometers。故译为about 42 kilometers from the city center。
【80题详解】
考查动词短语和副词。“看这些地名”用动词短语look at these place names表示，“更仔细地”用副词比较级more carefully表示。故译为look at these place names more carefully。
【81题详解】
考查动词和形容词。“开始”用动词begin表示，“他著名的旅行”用his famous journey表示。故译为begin his famous journey。
【82题详解】
考查形容词和名词。“引人深思的”用形容词thought-provoking表示，作定语，“事”用名词matter。故译为thought-provoking matter。
【83题详解】
考查名词词组。“碳足迹”用名词词组carbon footprint，“食物里程”用food miles表示，两个词组间用并列连词and连接。故译为carbon footprint and food miles。
【84题详解】
考查名词和介词短语。“极盛时期”用名词the heyday表示，“中国古诗的”用介词短语of ancient Chinese poetry表示，作后置定语。故译为the heyday of ancient Chinese poetry。
Section A (3’+3’+4’+5’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given.
85. 天然食品是指在有机物质丰富的土壤里种植出来的蔬菜，水果和谷物。(grow)(汉译英)
【答案】Natural foods are vegetables, fruits and grains grown in soil rich in organic matter.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构和动词。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。用主系表句型表示“天然食品是指蔬菜，水果和谷物”为natural foods are vegetables, fruits and grains，主谓一致；表示“种植出来的”用动词grow，和名词vegetables, fruits and grains之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语；“在有机物质丰富的土壤里”为介词短语in soil rich in organic matter，rich in“富含”是固定搭配。句首字母大写，故翻译为Natural foods are vegetables, fruits and grains grown in soil rich in organic matter.
86. 运动会的时候，操场上到处都是同学们的加油呐喊和欢声笑语，增强了我们的归属感。(alive) (汉译英)
【答案】The playground was alive with the students’ cheers and laughter when the sports meeting was on, which enhanced our sense of belonging.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。主语为playground；表示“到处都是”短语为be alive with；表示“同学们的加油呐喊和欢声笑语”应用the students’ cheers and laughter，作宾语；表示“运动会的时候”翻译为when引导的时间状语从句when the sports meeting was on；表示“增强了我们的归属感”翻译为which引导的非限制性定语从句，翻译为which enhanced our sense of belonging。为一般过去时。故翻译为The playground was alive with the students’ cheers and laughter when the sports meeting was on, which enhanced our sense of belonging.
87. 一位英国前任首相说，毫无疑问，文艺复兴时期的伟人为艺术、文化和科技的发展做出了巨大的贡献。(doubt) (汉译英)
【答案】A former British Prime Minister once said, without a doubt, the great figures of the Renaissance contributed greatly to the development of art, culture, and technology.##A former British Prime Minister once said, there was no doubt that the great figures of the Renaissance contributed greatly to the development of art, culture, and technology.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、一般过去时态、名词、动词。“一位英国前任首相”可译为a former British Prime Minister，位于句首作主语，“说”为一般过去时态，译为said，“毫无疑问”为固定表达，可译为without a doubt或there is no doubt that，“文艺复兴时期”译为the Renaissance，“伟人”不止一个，为复数，可译为the great figures，“做出了巨大贡献”为一般过去时，译为contributed greatly to，“……的发展”译为the development of，“艺术、文化和科技”译为art, culture, and technology，故翻译为A former British Prime Minister once said, without a doubt, the great figures of the Renaissance contributed greatly to the development of art, culture, and technology.或A former British Prime Minister once said, there was no doubt that the great figures of the Renaissance contributed greatly to the development of art, culture, and technology.
88. 在这个日新月异的时代中，“一带一路倡议”联通古今，成为了世界合作的纽带。(connect) (汉译英)
【答案】In this ever-changing era, the Belt and Road Initiative connects ancient and modern times and becomes a bond of global cooperation.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词，名词和形容词。表示“日新月异的”应用名词短语ever-changing era；表示“一带一路倡议”为the Belt and Road Initiative ；表示“纽带”应用a bond of ；表示“世界的”应用形容词global；表示“合作”应用名词cooperation；表示“联通”应用动词connect。此处陈述的是一般事实，应该用一般现在时， the Belt and Road Initiative作为主语，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数，故答案为：In this ever-changing era, the Belt and Road Initiative connects ancient and modern times and becomes a bond of global cooperation.上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年度第一学期
高一英语期中考试试卷
(满分150分，答案一律写在答题纸上)
第Ⅰ卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Attending to an emergency case. B. Having a health check-up.
C. Being interviewed about heart disease. D. Preparing for a heart surgery.
2. A. The man can change his room later. B. She’s busy with her business right now.
C. She has no spare room for a change. D. She has no spare room later.
3. A. Only five people have sent in their applications.
B. The 20 applicants will be called for interview.
C. They expect more applications will come.
D. The want ad has met with a good response.
4. A. Mosquitoes keep annoying him. B. He’s been bitten by mosquitoes in the face.
C. There are mosquitoes on his face. D. He feels pain with mosquito bites.
5. A. Selecting records. B. Attending a concert.
C. Conducting an orchestra. D. Planning a concert programmer.
6. A. The damage to the car isn’t too serious
B. The back of the car is badly damaged.
C. The other driver was responsible for the car accident.
D. She didn’t think the man could still drive the car.
7. A. At a snack bar. B. At a chemist’s. C. At a butcher’s. D. At a buffet.
8. A. To change for a bus of the Maple Avenue line.
B. To have a free transfer to Maple Avenue.
C. To find out the route of the Maple Avenue line.
D. To get off at the stop before Maple Avenue.
9. A. She will think before expressing her opinion.
B. She will think find out how people respond to the proposal.
C. She will find out how people respond to the proposal.
D She will support the man’s curriculum proposal.
10. A. Reviews of the comedy are negative.
B. The reaction of the comedy is varied.
C. The review of the newspaper is one-sided.
D. Media are prejudiced against the comedy.
Section B
Directions: In section B, you will hear several short passages and longer conversations, and you will be asked some questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The lists of hurricane names that had ever been used.
B. Stewart’s story about the system of naming hurricanes.
C. Reporting hurricanes with the navy alphabet code.
D Naming hurricanes after girls in alphabetical order.
12. A. There were not enough girls’ names for hurricanes.
B. There was no universally recognized reporting system.
C. Confusion occurred when hurricanes came at the same time.
D. People got mixed-up when tagging hurricanes with letters.
13. A. By giving each hurricane a name of its own alphabetically.
B. By naming hurricanes with the army alphabetical code.
C. By giving names to hurricanes in George Stewart’s way.
D. By naming hurricanes with the code for radio messages.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To arm more teachers with guns in schools.
B. To repair the building damaged in the shooting.
C. To prevent future violence on school campus.
D. To give the school resource officers a pay rise.
15. A. $98. B. $69. C. $67. D. $25.
16. A. Police can disarm people seen as mentally unfit to carry guns.
B. Guns that can fire fast are banned on school campus.
C. More armed school resource officers will be hired.
D. Teachers are trained to carry guns on school campus.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Native American recreational dances.
B. An Indian classic dance and a religious dance.
C. American community dances.
D. An Indian war dance and a grass dance.
18. A. All their dances are performed by the India dancers.
B. The details of their dances are approved by the elder Indians.
C All their dances are specially chosen by the native Indians.
D. Their dances’ every detail is agreed on in the Indian communities.
19. A. To show that the Indian dances are just entertainment.
B. To show that the Indian dances are for a theatrical event.
C. To show that in the Indian culture dances are ceremonial.
D. To show that they reproduce the ancient Indian scenes.
20. A. The American ceremonial cultures. B. The American Indian dances.
C. The Indian religious ceremonies. D. The Indian traditional dance styles.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (33’+10’+10’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she has spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
2. The modern history of the U.S. dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.
A. when B. if C. since D. until
3. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ______ consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A. which B. whose C. that D. what
4. In our video-first age, children and adults watch the same things on television, ______ was never true for books.
A. as B. since C. what D. which
5. Mr. White, who I ______ to the south of France, still lives in London.
A. think to have moved B. think had moved
C. thought had moved D. thought have moved
6. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television ______ the newspaper.
A. replaced B. will be replaced by C. replaces D. will replace
7. Then the unthinkable happened. A cardiovascular (心血管的) accident sent him into a deep coma (昏迷), ______ he emerged 20 days later in a hospital on the north-east coast of France.
A. where B. from which C. which D. from where
8. We are living in an age ______ many books and magazines can be read online.
A. when B. that C. whose D. which
9. — Has Mark come back from Greece
— Yes, he came home months ago, but ______ there for three years.
A. has been stayed B. stayed C. had stayed D. stays
10. ______ that snowmen were often spotted on the mountainside above 7,000 meters by the local inhabitants.
A. It was used to be saying B. It used to be said
C. It used to say D. It was used to saying
11. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in the climate zone ______ mosquitoes transmit malaria.
A. that B. whose C. which D. where
12. The professor and her achievement ______ you told me about are admired by us all.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
13. Government should bear a greater responsibility ______ funding and setting up a monitoring mechanism to support the education reform.
A. on account of B. regardless of C. on behalf of D. in terms of
14. A similar mechanism may perhaps ______ the fact that some group-living animals drive sick or injured individuals out of the group.
A. result from B. bring out C. account for D. approve of
15. When I am about to go ______ a plane to go ______, I often think of a funny joke told by my dad.
A. abroad, broad B. board, broad C. aboard, board D. aboard, abroad
16. In an economy depression, it ______ severely for two or more years.
A. expands B. extends C. contracts D. stretches
17. The upcoming film festival will ______ several documentaries from Asian countries.
A. overlook B. view C. feature D. dismiss
18. Given the breadth of her research, her ______ knowledge on the topic is evident in every chapter of her book.
A. superficial B. intensive C. explosive D. extensive
19. This theory may provide a ______ explanation for the origins of the universe.
A promising B. convincing C. rewarding D. demanding
20. I was ______ away with the music of the musical The Phantom of the Opera.
A. taken B. buried C. put D. carried
21. These communities are now turning to recycling as a cheaper ______ to landfills.
A. agreement B. approach C. appeal D. alternative
22. The newly-published book of the famous economist is really ______. Few of us can understand it.
A. attractive B. accessible C. abstract D. absolute
Sections B
(A)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. collectively B. engine C. convinced D. contribute E. distribute F. envisioned G. address H. increasingly I. seemingly J. engagement K. initiative
Ocean plastic has become a defining problem of our time, and a challenge to the world’s brightest thinkers and innovators. With a significant portion of plastic waste entering through rivers, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste is supporting the work of Renew Ocean to ___23___ the lack of waste infrastructure in developing regions.
Research published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2017 shows that rivers ___24___ dump anywhere from a half to three million tons of plastic into the seas every year. According to the data, ten rivers alone carry 93 percent of the river-borne plastics that end up in the ocean. To help prevent this plastic waste from reaching the ocean, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste will sponsor Renew Oceans, a localized ___25___ and investment project focused on high-leakage rivers. As a Founding Global Oceans Sponsor, the Alliance will ___26___ its materials and logistics (物流) capabilities. The National Geographic Society has also supported the Renew Oceans ___27___.
Renew Oceans is part of the Renewology partnership, a brainchild of Priyanka Bakaya. Growing up in Australia, Bakaya became fascinated by science, chemistry, and the environment. Trips to India as a child ___28___ her of the need to do something positive for an environment ___29___ strained by plastic waste. At Stanford University, she became aware of social entrepreneurship and continued developing her ideas for ending plastic waste in business school at MIT.
How does Renew Oceans plan to tackle a(n) ___30___ insurmountable (难以克服的) problem First, using proprietary (专利的) “biofence” technology designed by Renewology, plastic waste is collected as it flows down rivers and branches. ReFences divert the plastic and thus keep it from accumulating and entering the ocean. As ___31___, the program has major side benefits. The plastic collected across the developing world will be converted into fuel, while waste pickers will receive compensation directly tied to the fuel generated from the plastic they collect. Renewology can become a powerful ____32____ for empowering local communities while cleaning up the world’s trash and providing necessary fuel.
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. defensively B. exited C. initiatively D. landscape E. respond F. thought G. towered H. unaffected I. uninhabited J. welcoming K. winding
Danger in the desert
That day we were deep in Chile’s Atacama Desert. There the ____33____ could often be compared to Mars. Our team of four female microbiologists watched as a car full of curious men pulled up beside us. Because we were strangers in a(n) ____34____ place, our minds immediately jumped to ways we could protect ourselves. So, ____35____ , our Chilean fellow guide lifted the strong tool she’d been using to dig up plant roots. The rest of us tried to look braver than we felt.
We had come to this desert to conduct DNA studies on giant horsetails that somehow grow well in one of Earth’s driest places. We were searching for plants in the most remote locations, where they would be ____36____ by human activities such as mining and agriculture.
We’d been warned that the trip could be dangerous. Because we were traveling so far from fuel sources, we were told to take along a can of gas. Our destination was at the end of a(n) ____37____ single-lane dirt road lined with burned-out vehicles that had not successfully negotiated the steep downslope. Our sample site was near a village, and the people might not, we were told, ____38____ positively to us. We were instructed to report our travel plans at the nearest police station so that search parties would know where to look for us if we disappeared.
We had found the amazing plants and their bright green stocks ____39____ over our heads. They aroused the ____40____ of ancient wetland plants. The men approached as we finished collecting our samples. We waited tensely as a man ____41____ the car and walked toward us. To our surprise and relief, he politely invited us to visit their village—they wanted to show us a lovely church of which they were proud. That day, we learned about more than the microbiomes that help desert plants grow well. We also met a(n) _____42_____ community who had likewise beautifully adapted to their challenging home.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Great PowerPoint Panic of 2003.
Sixteen minutes before touchdown on the morning of February 1, 2003, the space shuttle Columbia (“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机)___43___ into the cloudless East Texas sky. All seven astronauts aboard were killed. As the shattered shuttle flew toward Earth in pieces, it looked to its live TV viewers like a swarm of shooting stars.
The immediate ___44___ of the disaster, a report from a NASA Accident Investigation Board determined that August, was a piece of insulating foam (绝缘泡沫胶) that had broken loose and damaged the shuttle’s left wing soon after liftoff. But the report also ___45___ out a less direct, more surprising cause. Engineers had known about - and inappropriately___46___ - the wing damage long before Columbia’s attempted reentry, but the flaws in their analysis were ___47___ in a series of overstuffed computer-presentation slides that were shown to NASA officials.
By the start of 2003, the phrase “death by PowerPoint” had well and truly entered the ___48___ vocabulary. Edward Tufte was the first to have taken it literally: That spring, the Yale statistician published a booklet entitled The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint, whose core argument was that the medium of communication influences the substance of communication. While PowerPoint, as a medium, did not ___49___ create unclear, lazy presentations, it certainly ___50___ and sometimes even masked them — with potentially deadly consequences. This is exactly what Tufte saw in the Columbia engineers’ slides.
Wired ran an excerpt (节选) from Tufte’s booklet in September 2003 under the headline “PowerPoint Is Evil.” A few months later, The New York Times Magazine included his assessment — summarized as “PowerPoint Makes You Dumb” — in its ___51___ of the year’s most important ideas. “Perhaps PowerPoint is uniquely suited to our modern age of confusion,” the entry read.
Despite the backlash it inspired in the ___52___, the presentation giant rolls on. The program has more monthly users than ever before, well into the hundreds of millions. During lockdown, people ___53___ PowerPoint parties on Zoom. Kids now make PowerPoint presentations for their parents when they want to get a puppy. If PowerPoint is evil, then evil ___54___ the world.
On its face at least, the idea that PowerPoint makes us stupid looks like a textbook case of misguided technological doomsaying. Today’s concerns about social media somehow resemble the PowerPoint critique. Both boil down to a worry that new media technologies ___55___ form over substance, that they are designed to hold our attention rather than to convey truth, and that they make us stupid.
___56___, concerns about new media rarely seem to make a difference. If the innovation did change the way we think, we are measuring its effects with an altered mind. Either the critical remarks were wrong, or they were so right that we can no longer tell the ___57___.
43.
A. disappeared B. disintegrated C. distributed D. disappointed
44.
A. side B. cause C. feature D. issue
45.
A. collected B. unified C. dropped D. single
46.
A. discounted B. viewed C. accessed D. founded
47.
A. muted B. absorbed C. buried D. sunk
48.
A. technical B. popular C. negative D. special
49.
A. possibly B. reasonably C. ordinarily D. necessarily
50.
A. accommodated B. combined C. distinguished D. enhanced
51.
A. abstract B. repetition C. review D. brief
52.
A. press B. publication C. media D. criticism
53.
A. opened B. created C. threw D. jumped
54.
A. rules B. harmonizes C. impacts D. roars
55.
A. feature B. encourage C. value D. defend
56.
A. Therefore B. However C. Certainly D. Surprisingly
57.
A. difference B. truth C. time D. concern
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.
The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them What makes them ache What do they long for
It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass (罗盘) that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.
I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others based on my unique knowledge and experience.
If this resonates with (与……共鸣) you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it — not just personally, but also collectively.
58. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE
A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.
B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.
C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.
D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.
59. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean
A. be relatively similar to B. cause something to be stronger than
C. make something less important D. block off light from something
60. What of the following might the author agree with
A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.
B. One should draw on wider knowledge in order to judge others objectively.
C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.
D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.
61. Why does the author write the article
A. To promote harmonious living. B. To ask people not to judge others.
C. To call on readers to learn his values. D. To share his values of understanding the world.
(B)
“Changing the world” might seem like an unrealistic goal. When faced with huge problems such as air pollution or energy shortages, where do you start Gogoro believes you start with a scooter.
Proof of concept In 2015, Gogoro broke onto the scene by releasing an electric scooter called the Smart-scooter. Unlike most electric scooters. This one wouldn’t need to plugged in to recharge. Instead, users would stop by GoStations to exchange drained batteries for fully charged ones. Gogoro was taking a risk. If people were not happy with the system of changing batteries the whole project could fail. They didn’t need to worry, though. Only one year later Gogoro sold their 10,000th Smart-scooter!
Setting the bar Fast forward to 2019 and the release of the Series 3 Smart-scooter. Gogoro scooters are as popular and revolutionary as ever. Their bright colors are chosen by Beatrice Santiccioli, a famous color designer who helped shape major brands like Apple, Nike and Swatch. In addition to the scooters’ bright colors, plenty of cool accessories (配件) are available so you can make your scooter your own. But most important of all, Gogoro continues to pave the way toward a future of responsible energy consumption.
Looking forward Multiple cities and countries have committed to making their transportation all-electric in the coming years, and Gogoro is helping make the possible. Ordered a package Companies like DHL and Taiwan Post now have fleets of Smart-scooters to make deliveries. Need a ride Unlock a Gogoro in Berlin, Paris or Madrid, thanks to scooter sharing services. The Smart-scooters is definitely ingenious, but there’s more. “At Gogoro, I think the essential thing is that we want to change how people use energy. And the Smart-scooters is only the beginning.” says Horace Luke, Gogoro co-founder and CEO. This is where the GoStation comes in.
62. Compared with other electric scooters, the Smart-scooter ______.
A. can recharge itself in Gostations in mega-cities
B. only needs to change batteries in Gostations
C. wouldn’t need to be recharged at all in life
D. can be recharged by its users in Gostations
63. Gogoro scooters are popular and revolutionary mainly because ______.
A. their colors are chosen by a famous color designer
B. their colors are different from those of others
C. it is a good way for people to consume energy
D. it can help us solve the problem of energy short
64. What can we conclude from the passage
A. The more mega-cities there are, the more GoStations may appear.
B. GoStations will soon entirely take the place of traditional stations.
C. People need not go to GoStations especially during peak hours.
D. More mega-cities will appear throughout the world in the future.
(C)
One of the most famous works of art in the world is Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. Nearly everyone who goes to see the original will already be familiar with it from reproductions, but they accept that fine art is more rewardingly viewed in its original form.
Despite an implicit recognition that the spread of good reproductions can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors.
One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. As repositories of unique historical objects, art museums are often called ‘treasure houses’. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards, attendants, ropes and display cases to keep us away from the exhibits. In many cases, the architectural style of the building further reinforces that notion. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, each with dozens of works, any one of which is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative ‘worthlessness’ in such an environment.
Furthermore, consideration of the ‘value’ of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that, since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge monetary value by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is deterred from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of reading which would originally have met the work.
The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such diverse paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This ‘displacement effect’ is further heightened by the sheer volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months.
This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. By contrast, the audience encounters an opera or a play over a specific time, which is the duration of the performance. Similarly, novels and poems are read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of de tail and labour that is involved.
Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialised academic approach devoted to ‘discovering the meaning’ of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in perfect harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving ‘authentic’, ‘original’ readings of the exhibits.
65. The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate .
A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art.
B. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values.
C. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinions of themselves.
D. the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes.
66. The writer says that today, viewers may be unwilling to criticise a work because .
A. they lack the knowledge needed to support an opinion.
B. they fear it may have financial implications.
C. they have no real concept of the work’s value.
D. they feel their personal reaction is of no significance.
67. According to the writer, the “displacement effect” on the visitor is caused by .
A. the variety of works on display and the way they are arranged.
B. the impossibility of viewing particular works of art over a long period.
C. the similar nature of the paintings and the lack of great works.
D. the inappropriate nature of the individual works selected for exhibition.
68. The writer says that unlike other forms of art, a painting does not .
A. involve direct contact with an audience.
B. require a specific location for a performance.
C. need the involvement of other professionals.
D. have a specific beginning or end.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
(D)
Israeli Company Develops 3D Printed Beef
If there were an award for the funniest company name of 2022, then the 3D printed meat company “Steakholder” would win that award.
Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd. has introduced its new product, Omakase Beef Morsels, which are bioprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef, famous for its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is also very expensive.
The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US. ____69____
Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks. ____70____ A bite can be made juicier, chewier, and the taste can also be altered.
The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells. ____71____
“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO of Steakholder Foods. “It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”
____72____ Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists. “We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food, technology and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”
So there you have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.
A. The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.
B. Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef, chicken and even fish.
C. The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.
D. Additionally, producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.
E. The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific 3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.
F. In the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat, ready to be processed into the final product, whether it’s a burger, steak, or even a meatloaf.
第Ⅱ卷
*Section A (4’)
Directions: Fill in the blank with the proper from of the word in brackets.
73. The Pompidou center in Paris is showing its respect and ______ for the artist. (admire)(所给词的适当形式填空)
74. Whoever formulated the theory of the ______ of the universe, it is just hypothetical and needs proving. (originally) (所给词的适当形式填空)
75. I forgot to have the milk and yogurt ______ (deliver) stopped, and as a result, they all went spoiled. (所给词的适当形式填空)
76. Less well known is that his company even offers a flexible ______ (package) service for the food industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
*Section B Phrase Translation (8’)
汉译英
77. 丝绸之路的起点
78. 最受欢迎的旅游目的地
79. 离市中心大概42公里
80. 更仔细地看这些地名
81. 开始他著名的旅行
82. 引人深思的事
83. 碳足迹和食物里程
84. 中国古诗的极盛时期
Section A (3’+3’+4’+5’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given.
85. 天然食品是指在有机物质丰富的土壤里种植出来的蔬菜，水果和谷物。(grow)(汉译英)
86. 运动会的时候，操场上到处都是同学们的加油呐喊和欢声笑语，增强了我们的归属感。(alive) (汉译英)
87. 一位英国前任首相说，毫无疑问，文艺复兴时期的伟人为艺术、文化和科技的发展做出了巨大的贡献。(doubt) (汉译英)
88. 在这个日新月异的时代中，“一带一路倡议”联通古今，成为了世界合作的纽带。(connect) (汉译英)