高中试卷答案网大同市阳高四中2023学年下学期高二年级期末测试
英语试卷
本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1、答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上
一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)
A
In a small Italian town, hundreds of years ago, a small business owner owed a large sum of money to a loan-shark. The loan-shark was a very old, unattractive looking guy that just so happened to fancy the business owner’s daughter.
He decided to offer the businessman a deal that would completely wipe out the debt he owed him. However, the trap was that he would only wipe out the debt if he could marry the businessman’s daughter, heedless to say, this proposal was met with a look of disgust.
The loan-shark said that he would place two pebbles into a bag, one white and one black. The daughter would then have to reach into the bag and pick out a pebble. If it was black, the debt would be wiped, but the loan-shark would then marry her. If it was white, the debt would also be wiped, but the daughter wouldn’t have to many the loan-shark.
Standing on a pebble-strewn path in the businessman’s garden, the loan-shark bent over and picked up two pebbles. While he was picking them up, the daughter noticed that he’d picked up two black pebbles and placed them both into the bag. He then asked the daughter to reach into the bag and pick one.
She drew out a pebble from the bag, and before checking, it ‘accidentally’ dropped into the midst of the other pebbles. She said to the loan-shark, “Oh，how clumsy (笨拙的) of me. Never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.” The pebble left in the bag is obviously black, and not wanting to be exposed, the loan-shark had to play along as if the pebble the daughter dropped was white, and clear her father’s debt.
1. What is the businessman and his daughter’s attitude towards the proposal
A. Supportive. B. Disapproved. C. Neutral. D. Skeptical.
2. Why did the pebble drop
A. Because the daughter pretended it
B. Because the pebble was too slip to hold.
C. Because the daughter was too clumsy to hold it.
D. Because the businessman was angry and rejected the game.
3. What did the daughter choose to do at last
A. She refused to pick a pebble from the bag.
B. She took both pebbles out of the bag and expose the cheat.
C. She chose not to expose the loan-shark while winning the bet with a trick.
D. She picked the black pebble from the bag and decided to sacrifice herself.
B
In March, I traveled to Kakuma, Kenya with UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会), to learn what it was like for refugees (难民) to live there and go to their schools. Most of my time, however, was spent with kids in schools.
Head teacher of Mogadishu Primary School, Pascal Lukosi, greeted me in the office. The school had 2,815 students who sat shoulder to shoulder in the classroom. I quickly did the math: one teacher for every 134 students. Crammed classrooms are common in Kakuma’s schools. And many kids don’t go to school at the proper age.
Motorbikes, called boda-bodas, are the main means of transportation on Kakuma’s roads. There are no buses, and most of the kids walk to school. For some, the trip takes more than an hour each way. I asked what they usually did after school, “I bring back water and wash clothes,” said Njema Nadai Ben, a 12-year-old boy. There is a severe shortage of running water here, so refugees have to walk to one of the camp’s wells to get water.
What about homework “We don’t have lights to read at night,” explained Rachel Akol Dau aged 17. Homes there also lack electricity. In spite of the conditions, Rachel and other students find their way to study. “I light firewood. That gives me light,” She told me, “I want to change the future of my family.”
At Morneau Shepell Secondary School for Girls, students wake at 4.30, eat breakfast at 6:00, and start the class at 7:30. “The school is there to give the girls a safe place,” said Mohamud Hure, a UN officer in Kakuma. In one classroom, students announced to visitors what they wanted to do in life. Most of them dreamed of becoming doctors, lawyers and engineers.
When I left, I took a picture of Rose, the girl I met on my first day. She dreams of a career as a doctor. This year, she’ll graduate from primary school. “It’s education that brings me faith in changing my life,” said Rose.
4. What does the underlined word “Crammed” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Large. B. Clean. C. Overcrowded. D. Damaged.
5. What do we know about the kids in Kakuma
A. They lead a very tough life.
B. They begin to study at an early age.
C. They always go to school by boda-boda.
D. They have a busy and stressful school life.
6. Which of the following can best describe Rachel
A. Creative and generous. B. Caring and far sighted.
C. Confident and cautious. D. Modest and determined.
7. What do the kids think of education
A. It is valueless. B. It is out of reach.
C. It rids them of unfairness. D. It gives them hope.
C
New research has found that people with mild cognitive impairment (认知损坏) may not necessarily develop dementia (痴呆) and, in fact, having higher education and advanced language skills more than doubles their chances of returning to normal.
The study, led by researchers at the University of Waterloo, may reassure those with mild cognitive impairment as it contradicts a common assumption that the condition is simply an early stage of dementia. People with mild cognitive impairment show signs of cognitive decline, but not enough to prevent them from performing typical daily tasks. They have been considered at higher risk of progressing to the more severe cognitive decline seen in dementia.
“Possessing high cognitive reserve, based on education, high academic grades, and written language skills, may predict what happens years after someone receives a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment,” said Suzanne Tyas, a professor in the School of Public Health Sciences at Waterloo and lead author. “Even after considering age, genetics and established risk factors for dementia, we found that higher levels of education more than doubled the chances that people with mild cognitive impairment would return to normal cognition instead of progressing to dementia.”
The study’s findings have meanings for treatment and research in people with mild cognitive impairment.
“If individuals with higher cognitive reserve are more likely to improve even without treatment, then this needs to be taken into consideration when recruiting participants for clinical trials of prospective treatments and when interpreting the results of these trials,” Tyas said, adding there’s no cure for most causes of dementia, so prevention is key.
8. About mild cognitive impairment which is consistent with the study
A. It surely results in dementia. B. It is an early stage of dementia.
C. It will stop people's daily action. D. It doesn’t surely lead to dementia.
9. How is one’s cognitive reserve assessed
A. Through personal income. B. Through social frequency.
C. Through his education. D. Through personal relationship.
10. What is the most significant to do with dementia
A. Early prevention. B. Medical care.
C. Proper cure. D. Specific medicine.
11. What is the main idea of the text
A. People with cognitive impairment show cognitive decline.
B. Age and genetics are established risk factors for dementia.
C. A study focuses on the consequence of cognitive impairment.
D. Higher education and language skills may help stop dementia.
D
Box jellyfish (箱型水母) are the most poisonous marine animals known to man. They measure 3 meters long and weigh up to 2 kilograms. They are pale blue and transparent in color, and get their name from the cube-like shape of their body. Box jellyfish have 6 eyes on all 4 sides of their body, although it is uncertain how they process what they see as they do not have a central nervous system. They also have up to 15 tentacles (触须) growing from each corner of their body that have about 5,000 stinging (带刺的) cells each.
Box jellyfish can be found primarily in the coastal waters off Northern Australia as well as throughout the Indo-Pacific. They prefer to live at river mouths. They do not have any organs to breathe, and will sleep on the ocean floor from 3 p.m. to dawn. Unlike other jellyfish that merely move along with the current, box jellyfish have developed a way to travel wherever they want to go. They will shoot themselves in a jet-like fashion, reaching speeds of up to 7.4 kilometers per hour.
The diet of box jellyfish consists of thing like fish, small animals, and even other jellyfish. They use their venom, a chemical which causes heart, skin, and breath failure, to kill their prey. Since box jellyfish have eyes, some scientists believe that they actively hunt their prey, holding the belief that box jellyfish have developed a special set of eyes similar to humans that help them skillfully avoid obstacles in the ocean, while others insist that they are just passive opportunists that will wait and catch anything that wanders into their tentacles.
Box jellyfish are responsible for more human deaths in Australia than snakes sharks, and salt-water crocodiles combined. It is best to avoid them as most stings will result in death. Hopefully, humans and box jellyfish can find a way to live with one another while keeping conflicts to a bare minimum. After all, such a unique species of jellyfish deserves to live and grow just as humans do.
12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about box jellyfish from the first paragraph
A. Its size. B. Its poisonousness. C. Its color. D. Its hardness.
13. What can we infer about box jellyfish from the passage
A. They live in the deep sea in groups.
B. They can breathe on the ocean floor.
C They can decide the direction in which they move.
D. They usually move along with the current.
14. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A box jellyfish B. scientists
C. box jellyfish’s prey D. box jellyfish’s tentacles
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some poisonous animals.
B To describe a kind of animal under the sea.
C. To illustrate scientists’ research into box jellyfish.
D. To show the relationship between humans and jellyfish.
二、七选五(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)
Tips of Healthy Lifestyle
There’s no secret - the simplest things are often the best, says nutritionist Dr. John Briffa, if we want to feel good all year round.
Eat mindfully.
In our fast-paced world, there can be a tendency to eat while distracted and shovel in more food than we need and, at the same time, miss out on culinary pleasure. ___16___ So some things to think about here are avoiding eating when distracted, eating more slowly, and taking time to taste food properly. ___17___
Get plenty of sunlight in the summer.
Sunlight, as well as the vitamin D that can be made in the skin, is associated with a wide spectrum of benefits for the body. In general, vitamin D is made when our shadow is shorter than our body length, ie when the sun is high in the sky. ___18___
Get enough sleep.
Sleep has the ability to optimize mental and physical energy, and optimal levels of sleep (about eight hours a night) are linked with reduced risk of chronic disease (慢性病) and improved longevity. ___19___ Getting into bed by 10 pm or 10:30 pm is a potentially useful investment in terms of your short-and long-term health and well-being.
___20___
Modern-day living tends to be ambitious and we can easily find ourselves chasing an ever-growing list of goals, many of which can be material. Some of us could do with spending more time focusing not on what we don't have, but on what we do. Our mood can be lifted by giving thanks for anything from our friends and family to a beautiful landscape or sunset.
A. Practise the art of appreciation
B. Don't be ambitious and get what you can get.
C. While burning is to be avoided, get as much sunlight exposure as possible for ideal health.
D. One simple strategy that can help ensure you get optimal amounts of sleep is to go to bed earlier.
E. One particular thing to focus on is chewing your food thoroughly.
F. Lack of sleep will keep you in a good condition.
G. Many of us will benefit from eating mindfully.
三、完形填空(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods. The group ___21___ volunteering during Hurricane Katrina. During that storm alone, they ___22___ more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops!Since then, they have saved more ___23___ around the US!The Cajun Navy has gone to save during many of the worst ___24___ that hit the US, such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence.
Using their ___25___ , they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters. They bring their small boats and great skills to find those who are ___26___ and then they ___27___ them to safety. How strong and ___28___ they are in struggling with floodwaters!
Many of the volunteers are fishermen and ___29___ boat pilots. They, who come from the southeast United States, are expert in ___30___ through a series of swamps(沼泽)and narrow waterways. The skills they have help them find the way around ___31___ floodwaters.
A reporter ___32___ his feelings and meanwhile ___33___ their deeds after the Cajun Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana. ”The ___34___ were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no ___35___ medals awarded to them for acts of bravery. It was a ___36___ heart, not a commanding officer, that called them into risky ___37___ to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground,” he said.
The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action. They do also ___38___ others’ enthusiasm to get involved. And more and more volunteers join the group. They often put themselves in danger to ___39___ others. And they do not do it for money or attention, but ___40___ because they can help and they want to help.
21. A. improved B. started C. delayed D. survived
22. A. missed B. met C. rescued D. struck
23. A. lives B. officers C. food D. money
24. A. rainfalls B. windstorms C. sandstorms D. raindrops
25. A. cars B. trucks C. bikes D. boats
26. A. in danger B. in place C. out of work D. out of order
27. A. force B. transport C. invite D. persuade
28. A. courageous B. modest C. secure D. straightforward
29. A. honest B. trapped C. skilled D. greedy
30. A. flying B. looking C. sailing D. driving
31. A. peaceful B. mixed C. limited D. powerful
32. A. conveyed B. discovered C. valued D. ignored
33. A. celebrated B. beat C. taught D. asked
34. A. witnesses B. passers-by C. heroes D. victims
35. A. athletic B. military C. ecological D. economic
36. A. weak B. icy C. thoughtless D. selfless
37. A. companies B. currents C. funds D. flights
38. A. acknowledge B. adopt C. investigate D. stimulate
39. A. abandon B. consult C. assist D. guide
40. A. cruelly B. delicately C. merely D. hardly
四、语法填空(共10题;每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sydney ____41____(consider) to be one of the most expensive cities in the world. But it is possible for international students living on a budget____42____(find) lots of things to do. For students who enjoy physical activities and nature, there are many places to walk, hike and explore.
The Blue Mountains, located in the ____43____(centre) areas of the Sydney Basin, offers ____44____ number of hiking trails for people of all athletic abilities to take all-day hikes, or camping adventures. Students ____45____(draw) more to beaches can do the Bondi Beach to Coogee Beach walk. This walk takes you a little under four miles along the coastline, providing you ____46____ a view of various beautiful beaches and parks. You can also walk through the Royal Botanical Gardens, ____47____ is located along the Sydney Harbour, ____48____(feature) public art and sculptures scattered throughout the gardens. Students will also want to walk across the Sydney Harbour Bridge, which is the ____49____(large) steel-arch bridge in the world. The bridge was built on March 19, 1932, and walking it is a popular choice for both locals and tourists. Walking the bridge gives you a unique view of the bridge _____50_____(it), the city and the harbor.
五、短文改错(共15分)
51. 假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When it comes to music, here is how I want to say: Music is one of the important part in my life. The beautiful classical music not only helps us deal with stress, but bring me pleasure. Although some songs contain rock-and-roll beats, but they still can make me feel calm and comfortable. I believe music is able to passing on all kinds of emotions. While prepared for the coming day, I love listening to music as my regularly morning routine. Also, I am planning to learn to play piano. Without songs and harmonies, my life will be completely empty.
六、书面表达(共25分)
52. 请你以学生会的名义，以“We Should Take the Family Responsibilities”为主题写一份倡议书，向全校同学发起倡议，内容包括：
1. 承担责任的必要性；
2. 如何承担家庭责任；
3. 发起倡议。
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students Union大同市阳高四中2023学年下学期高二年级期末测试
英语试卷
本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1、答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上
一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)
A
In a small Italian town, hundreds of years ago, a small business owner owed a large sum of money to a loan-shark. The loan-shark was a very old, unattractive looking guy that just so happened to fancy the business owner’s daughter.
He decided to offer the businessman a deal that would completely wipe out the debt he owed him. However, the trap was that he would only wipe out the debt if he could marry the businessman’s daughter, heedless to say, this proposal was met with a look of disgust.
The loan-shark said that he would place two pebbles into a bag, one white and one black. The daughter would then have to reach into the bag and pick out a pebble. If it was black, the debt would be wiped, but the loan-shark would then marry her. If it was white, the debt would also be wiped, but the daughter wouldn’t have to many the loan-shark.
Standing on a pebble-strewn path in the businessman’s garden, the loan-shark bent over and picked up two pebbles. While he was picking them up, the daughter noticed that he’d picked up two black pebbles and placed them both into the bag. He then asked the daughter to reach into the bag and pick one.
She drew out a pebble from the bag, and before checking, it ‘accidentally’ dropped into the midst of the other pebbles. She said to the loan-shark, “Oh，how clumsy (笨拙的) of me. Never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.” The pebble left in the bag is obviously black, and not wanting to be exposed, the loan-shark had to play along as if the pebble the daughter dropped was white, and clear her father’s debt.
1. What is the businessman and his daughter’s attitude towards the proposal
A. Supportive. B. Disapproved. C. Neutral. D. Skeptical.
2. Why did the pebble drop
A. Because the daughter pretended it
B. Because the pebble was too slip to hold.
C. Because the daughter was too clumsy to hold it.
D. Because the businessman was angry and rejected the game.
3. What did the daughter choose to do at last
A. She refused to pick a pebble from the bag.
B. She took both pebbles out of the bag and expose the cheat.
C. She chose not to expose the loan-shark while winning the bet with a trick.
D. She picked the black pebble from the bag and decided to sacrifice herself.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个放高利贷的人想要利用诡计娶一个商人的女儿，商人的女儿利用自己的聪明成功脱险。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“However, the trap was that he would only wipe out the debt if he could marry the businessman’s daughter, heedless to say, this proposal was met with a look of disgust.(然而，他设下的陷阱是，只有娶了商人的女儿，他才会还清债务。不用说，这个提议遭到了厌恶的表情。)”可知，他设下的陷阱遭到了厌恶，所以商人和女儿的态度是反对的。选项A“Supportive (支持)”；选项B“Disapproved (反对)”；选项C“Neutral (中立)”；选项D“Skeptical (怀疑)”。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“While he was picking them up, the daughter noticed that he’d picked up two black pebbles and placed them both into the bag.(当他捡起它们的时候，女儿注意到他捡起了两颗黑色的鹅卵石，并把它们都放进了袋子里。)”可知，女儿发现了放高利贷的人的诡计；再根据第五段“She drew out a pebble from the bag, and before checking, it ‘accidentally’ dropped into the midst of the other pebbles. She said to the loan-shark, “Oh，how clumsy (笨拙的）of me. Never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.”(她从袋子里掏出一颗鹅卵石，还没检查，它就“不小心”掉到其他鹅卵石中间了。她对放高利贷的人说:“哦，我真笨拙的。没关系，如果你看看袋子里剩下的那颗卵石，你就能知道我捡的是哪颗了。”)”可知，女儿是故意为之，所以她是假装掉落了鹅卵石。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“She said to the loan-shark, “Oh，how clumsy (笨拙的）of me. Never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.” The pebble left in the bag is obviously black, and not wanting to be exposed, the loan-shark had to play along as if the pebble the daughter dropped was white, and clear her father’s debt.(她对放高利贷的人说：“哦，我真笨拙的。没关系，如果你看看袋子里剩下的那颗卵石，你就能知道我捡的是哪颗了。”袋子里留下的卵石显然是黑色的，而放高利贷的人又不想暴露，只好假装女儿丢的卵石是白色的，帮父亲还清了债务。)”可推断，女儿利用自己的聪明，既不用揭露放高利贷的人的诡计，同时又免除了父亲的债务。故选C。
B
In March, I traveled to Kakuma, Kenya with UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会), to learn what it was like for refugees (难民) to live there and go to their schools. Most of my time, however, was spent with kids in schools.
Head teacher of Mogadishu Primary School, Pascal Lukosi, greeted me in the office. The school had 2,815 students who sat shoulder to shoulder in the classroom. I quickly did the math: one teacher for every 134 students. Crammed classrooms are common in Kakuma’s schools. And many kids don’t go to school at the proper age.
Motorbikes, called boda-bodas, are the main means of transportation on Kakuma’s roads. There are no buses, and most of the kids walk to school. For some, the trip takes more than an hour each way. I asked what they usually did after school, “I bring back water and wash clothes,” said Njema Nadai Ben, a 12-year-old boy. There is a severe shortage of running water here, so refugees have to walk to one of the camp’s wells to get water.
What about homework “We don’t have lights to read at night,” explained Rachel Akol Dau aged 17. Homes there also lack electricity. In spite of the conditions, Rachel and other students find their way to study. “I light firewood. That gives me light,” She told me, “I want to change the future of my family.”
At Morneau Shepell Secondary School for Girls, students wake at 4.30, eat breakfast at 6:00, and start the class at 7:30. “The school is there to give the girls a safe place,” said Mohamud Hure, a UN officer in Kakuma. In one classroom, students announced to visitors what they wanted to do in life. Most of them dreamed of becoming doctors, lawyers and engineers.
When I left, I took a picture of Rose, the girl I met on my first day. She dreams of a career as a doctor. This year, she’ll graduate from primary school. “It’s education that brings me faith in changing my life,” said Rose.
4. What does the underlined word “Crammed” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Large. B. Clean. C. Overcrowded. D. Damaged.
5. What do we know about the kids in Kakuma
A. They lead a very tough life.
B. They begin to study at an early age.
C. They always go to school by boda-boda.
D. They have a busy and stressful school life.
6. Which of the following can best describe Rachel
A. Creative and generous. B. Caring and far sighted.
C. Confident and cautious. D. Modest and determined.
7. What do the kids think of education
A. It is valueless. B. It is out of reach.
C. It rids them of unfairness. D. It gives them hope.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了肯尼亚Kakuma的难民孩子上学的情况。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。第二段划线词句前文“The school had 2,815 students who sat shoulder to shoulder in the classroom. I quickly did the math: one teacher for every 134 students. (该校共有2815名学生肩并肩坐在教室里。我很快算了一下：每134名学生对应一名老师。)”说明学校的学生多，老师少，教室内非常拥挤，从而推知划线词句“Crammed classrooms are common in Kakuma’s schools. (Crammed的教室在Kakuma的学校里很常见。)”其中划线词汇应为“拥挤的”的意思，选项C“过度拥挤的”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The school had 2,815 students who sat shoulder to shoulder in the classroom. (该校共有2815名学生肩并肩坐在教室里。)”、第三段中“There are no buses, and most of the kids walk to school. (没有公共汽车，大多数孩子步行上学。)”和“There is a severe shortage of running water here, so refugees have to walk to one of the camp’s wells to get water. (这里的自来水严重短缺，所以难民们不得不步行到营地的水井去取水。)”、及第四段中“Homes there also lack electricity. (那里的家庭也缺乏电力。)”可知，在Kakuma，教室里非常拥挤，孩子们步行上学，水电短缺。从而推知，那里的孩子过着非常艰苦的生活。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Rachel所说“I want to change the future of my family. (我想改变我家庭的未来。)”可知，Rachel有爱心、有远见。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Most of them dreamed of becoming doctors, lawyers and engineers. (他们中的大多数人梦想成为医生、律师和工程师。)”和最后一段中Rose所说“It’s education that brings me faith in changing my life.(是教育给了我改变人生的信心。)”可知，孩子们认为教育给了他们带来希望。故选D项。
C
New research has found that people with mild cognitive impairment (认知损坏) may not necessarily develop dementia (痴呆) and, in fact, having higher education and advanced language skills more than doubles their chances of returning to normal.
The study, led by researchers at the University of Waterloo, may reassure those with mild cognitive impairment as it contradicts a common assumption that the condition is simply an early stage of dementia. People with mild cognitive impairment show signs of cognitive decline, but not enough to prevent them from performing typical daily tasks. They have been considered at higher risk of progressing to the more severe cognitive decline seen in dementia.
“Possessing high cognitive reserve, based on education, high academic grades, and written language skills, may predict what happens years after someone receives a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment,” said Suzanne Tyas, a professor in the School of Public Health Sciences at Waterloo and lead author. “Even after considering age, genetics and established risk factors for dementia, we found that higher levels of education more than doubled the chances that people with mild cognitive impairment would return to normal cognition instead of progressing to dementia.”
The study’s findings have meanings for treatment and research in people with mild cognitive impairment.
“If individuals with higher cognitive reserve are more likely to improve even without treatment, then this needs to be taken into consideration when recruiting participants for clinical trials of prospective treatments and when interpreting the results of these trials,” Tyas said, adding there’s no cure for most causes of dementia, so prevention is key.
8. About mild cognitive impairment, which is consistent with the study
A. It surely results in dementia. B. It is an early stage of dementia.
C. It will stop people's daily action. D. It doesn’t surely lead to dementia.
9. How is one’s cognitive reserve assessed
A. Through personal income. B. Through social frequency.
C. Through his education. D. Through personal relationship.
10. What is the most significant to do with dementia
A. Early prevention. B. Medical care.
C. Proper cure. D. Specific medicine.
11. What is the main idea of the text
A. People with cognitive impairment show cognitive decline.
B. Age and genetics are established risk factors for dementia.
C. A study focuses on the consequence of cognitive impairment.
D. Higher education and language skills may help stop dementia.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究，研究发现受过高等教育和拥有高级语言技能会使痴呆症患者恢复正常的机会增加一倍以上，可能有助于阻止痴呆症。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“New research has found that people with mild cognitive impairment (认知损坏) may not necessarily develop dementia (痴呆) and, in fact, having higher education and advanced language skills more than doubles their chances of returning to normal. (新的研究发现，轻度认知受损的人不一定患痴呆症，事实上，受过高等教育和拥有高级语言技能会使他们恢复正常的机会增加一倍以上。)”可知，新的研究发现，轻度认知受损的人不一定患痴呆症。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““Possessing high cognitive reserve, based on education, high academic grades, and written language skills, may predict what happens years after someone receives a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment,” said Suzanne Tyas, a professor in the School of Public Health Sciences at Waterloo and lead author. (滑铁卢公共卫生科学学院教授，第一作者Suzanne Tyas说：“拥有高认知储备是基于教育、高学术成绩和书面语言技能，它可以预测某人被诊断为轻度认知障碍多年后会发生什么。”)”可知，高认知储备是基于教育、高学术成绩和书面语言技能。所以可以通过教育、高学术成绩和书面语言技能评估人的认知储备。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““If individuals with higher cognitive reserve are more likely to improve even without treatment, then this needs to be taken into consideration when recruiting participants for clinical trials of prospective treatments and when interpreting the results of these trials,” Tyas said, adding there’s no cure for most causes of dementia, so prevention is key. (Tyas说：“如果认知储备较高的个体即使没有治疗也更有可能改善，那么在招募参与者进行前瞻性治疗的临床试验以及解释这些试验的结果时，需要考虑这一点”，Tyas并补充说，大多数痴呆症病因都无法治愈，因此预防是关键。)”可知，预防是痴呆症的关键。所以对于解决痴呆问题最重要的是：预防痴呆症。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research has found that people with mild cognitive impairment (认知损坏) may not necessarily develop dementia (痴呆) and, in fact, having higher education and advanced language skills more than doubles their chances of returning to normal. (新研究发现，轻度认知受损的人不一定患痴呆症，事实上，受过高等教育和拥有高级语言技能会使他们恢复正常的机会增加一倍以上。)”及第三段““Even after considering age, genetics and established risk factors for dementia, we found that higher levels of education more than doubled the chances that people with mild cognitive impairment would return to normal cognition instead of progressing to dementia.” (“即使在考虑了年龄，遗传学和痴呆症的既定风险因素之后，我们发现，较高的教育水平使轻度认知障碍患者恢复正常认知而不是发展为痴呆症的机会增加了一倍多。)”可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究，研究发现受过高等教育和拥有高级语言技能会使痴呆症患者恢复正常的机会增加一倍以上。故推知高等教育和语言技能可能有助于阻止痴呆症，并让患者恢复正常。故选D。
D
Box jellyfish (箱型水母) are the most poisonous marine animals known to man. They measure 3 meters long and weigh up to 2 kilograms. They are pale blue and transparent in color, and get their name from the cube-like shape of their body. Box jellyfish have 6 eyes on all 4 sides of their body, although it is uncertain how they process what they see as they do not have a central nervous system. They also have up to 15 tentacles (触须) growing from each corner of their body that have about 5,000 stinging (带刺的) cells each.
Box jellyfish can be found primarily in the coastal waters off Northern Australia as well as throughout the Indo-Pacific. They prefer to live at river mouths. They do not have any organs to breathe, and will sleep on the ocean floor from 3 p.m. to dawn. Unlike other jellyfish that merely move along with the current, box jellyfish have developed a way to travel wherever they want to go. They will shoot themselves in a jet-like fashion, reaching speeds of up to 7.4 kilometers per hour.
The diet of box jellyfish consists of thing like fish, small animals, and even other jellyfish. They use their venom, a chemical which causes heart, skin, and breath failure, to kill their prey. Since box jellyfish have eyes, some scientists believe that they actively hunt their prey, holding the belief that box jellyfish have developed a special set of eyes similar to humans that help them skillfully avoid obstacles in the ocean, while others insist that they are just passive opportunists that will wait and catch anything that wanders into their tentacles.
Box jellyfish are responsible for more human deaths in Australia than snakes, sharks, and salt-water crocodiles combined. It is best to avoid them as most stings will result in death. Hopefully, humans and box jellyfish can find a way to live with one another while keeping conflicts to a bare minimum. After all, such a unique species of jellyfish deserves to live and grow just as humans do.
12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about box jellyfish from the first paragraph
A. Its size. B. Its poisonousness. C. Its color. D. Its hardness.
13. What can we infer about box jellyfish from the passage
A. They live in the deep sea in groups.
B. They can breathe on the ocean floor.
C. They can decide the direction in which they move.
D. They usually move along with the current.
14. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. box jellyfish B. scientists
C. box jellyfish’s prey D. box jellyfish’s tentacles
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some poisonous animals.
B. To describe a kind of animal under the sea.
C To illustrate scientists’ research into box jellyfish.
D. To show the relationship between humans and jellyfish.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是箱型水母这种海洋动物。
12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Box jellyfish are the most poisonous marine animals known to man. They measure 3 meters long and weigh up to 2 kilograms. They are pale blue and transparent in color, and get their name from the cube-like shape of their body.(箱型水母是人类已知的最毒的海洋动物。它们身长3米，体重可达2公斤。它们呈淡蓝色，颜色透明，因身体呈立方体状而得名。)”可知，第一段中没有提到它的硬度。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Unlike other jellyfish that merely move along with the current, box jellyfish have developed a way to travel wherever they want to go. They will shoot themselves in a jet-like fashion, reaching speeds of up to 7.4 kilometers per hour.(不同于其他水母只是随着水流移动，箱型水母已经发展出一种想去哪里就去哪里的方式。它们将以喷气式飞机的形式射击自己，速度可达每小时7.4公里。)”可知，箱型水母可以决定移动的方向。故选C。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Unlike other jellyfish that merely move along with the current, box jellyfish have developed a way to travel wherever they want to go.(不同于其他水母只是随着水流移动，箱型水母已经发展出一种想去哪里就去哪里的方式。)”可知，第三段的they指的是箱型水母。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Box jellyfish (箱型水母) are the most poisonous marine animals known to man. They measure 3 meters long and weigh up to 2 kilograms. They are pale blue and transparent in color, and get their name from the cube-like shape of their body. Box jellyfish have 6 eyes on all 4 sides of their body, although it is uncertain how they process what they see as they do not have a central nervous system. They also have up to 15 tentacles (触须) growing from each corner of their body that have about 5,000 stinging (带刺的) cells each.(箱型水母是人类已知的最毒的海洋动物。它们身长3米，体重可达2公斤。它们呈淡蓝色，颜色透明，因身体呈立方体状而得名。箱型水母身体的四面各有6只眼睛，因为它们没有中枢神经系统，所以我们不确定它们是如何处理它们看到的东西的。它们身体的每个角落都长出多达15条触手，每条触手上大约有5000个刺细胞。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是箱型水母这种海洋动物，因此本文作者的目的是描述海底的一种动物。故选B。
二、七选五(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)
Tips of Healthy Lifestyle
There’s no secret - the simplest things are often the best, says nutritionist Dr. John Briffa, if we want to feel good all year round.
Eat mindfully.
In our fast-paced world, there can be a tendency to eat while distracted and shovel in more food than we need and, at the same time, miss out on culinary pleasure. ___16___ So some things to think about here are avoiding eating when distracted, eating more slowly, and taking time to taste food properly. ___17___
Get plenty of sunlight in the summer.
Sunlight, as well as the vitamin D that can be made in the skin, is associated with a wide spectrum of benefits for the body. In general, vitamin D is made when our shadow is shorter than our body length, ie when the sun is high in the sky. ___18___
Get enough sleep.
Sleep has the ability to optimize mental and physical energy, and optimal levels of sleep (about eight hours a night) are linked with reduced risk of chronic disease (慢性病) and improved longevity. ___19___ Getting into bed by 10 pm or 10:30 pm is a potentially useful investment in terms of your short-and long-term health and well-being.
___20___
Modern-day living tends to be ambitious and we can easily find ourselves chasing an ever-growing list of goals, many of which can be material. Some of us could do with spending more time focusing not on what we don't have, but on what we do. Our mood can be lifted by giving thanks for anything from our friends and family to a beautiful landscape or sunset.
A. Practise the art of appreciation
B. Don't be ambitious and get what you can get.
C. While burning is to be avoided, get as much sunlight exposure as possible for ideal health.
D. One simple strategy that can help ensure you get optimal amounts of sleep is to go to bed earlier.
E. One particular thing to focus on is chewing your food thoroughly.
F. Lack of sleep will keep you in a good condition.
G. Many of us will benefit from eating mindfully.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. C 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了几个健康生活小贴士。
【16题详解】
根据上文“In our fast-paced world, there can be a tendency to eat while distracted and shovel in more food than we need and, at the same time, miss out on culinary pleasure.(在我们这个快节奏的世界里，人们往往会一边分心一边吃东西，吃得比我们需要的更多，与此同时，也错过了烹饪的乐趣。)”可知，现在很多人吃东西的时候会分心。而根据空后“So some things to think about here are avoiding eating when distracted, eating more slowly, and taking time to taste food properly.(所以在这里需要考虑的事情是避免分心时吃饭，吃得慢一些，花时间适当地品尝食物。)”中的“so”可知，空处应该和不分心吃饭的好处有关。选项G“Many of us will benefit from eating mindfully.(很多人都能从用心进食中受益。)”承上启下，引出下文。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“So some things to think about here are avoiding eating when distracted, eating more slowly, and taking time to taste food properly.(所以在这里需要考虑的事情是避免分心时吃饭，吃得慢一些，花时间适当地品尝食物。)”可知，这里主要是告诉读者吃饭时应该怎样做。选项E“One particular thing to focus on is chewing your food thoroughly.(特别要注意的一件事是彻底咀嚼你的食物。)”同样是介绍的如何吃饭，与上文内容一致。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Sunlight, as well as the vitamin D that can be made in the skin, is associated with a wide spectrum of benefits for the body. In general, vitamin D is made when our shadow is shorter than our body length, ie when the sun is high in the sky.(阳光，以及可以在皮肤中产生的维生素D，对身体有广泛的好处。一般来说，当我们的影子比身体短的时候，也就是太阳高悬的时候，就会产生维生素D。)”可知，上文讲述的是要阳光对身体的好处。选项C“While burning is to be avoided, get as much sunlight exposure as possible for ideal health.(在避免晒伤的同时，尽可能多地晒太阳以保持健康。)”与上文内容一致，鼓励读者多晒太阳。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Getting into bed by 10pm or 10:30pm is a potentially useful investment in terms of your short-and long-term health and well-being.(晚上10点或10点半上床睡觉对你的短期和长期健康和幸福来说是一项潜在的有益投资。)”可知，空处提及的应是和何时睡觉相关。选项D“One simple strategy that can help ensure you get optimal amounts of sleep is to go to bed earlier.(一个能帮助你获得最佳睡眠时间的简单策略是早点上床睡觉。)”提到了早点上床睡觉，与下文内容一致。故选D。
【20题详解】
空处为小标题，为本段中心句。根据下文“Modern-day living tends to be ambitious and we can easily find ourselves chasing an ever-growing list of goals, many of which can be material. Some of us could do with spending more time focusing not on what we don't have, but on what we do. Our mood can be lifted by giving thanks for anything from our friends and family to a beautiful landscape or sunset.(现代生活往往雄心勃勃，我们可以很容易地发现自己在追逐越来越多的目标，其中许多是物质的。我们中的一些人应该花更多的时间关注我们所做的，而不是我们没有的。从我们的朋友和家人到美丽的风景或日落，我们的心情可以通过感恩来提升。)”可知，本段建议读者要有感恩的心，这样才能让心理上也很健康、快乐。选项A“Practise the art of appreciation(练习感激的艺术)”与下文一致，鼓励读者怀有感恩的心。故选A。
三、完形填空(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods. The group ___21___ volunteering during Hurricane Katrina. During that storm alone, they ___22___ more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops!Since then, they have saved more ___23___ around the US!The Cajun Navy has gone to save during many of the worst ___24___ that hit the US, such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence.
Using their ___25___ , they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters. They bring their small boats and great skills to find those who are ___26___ and then they ___27___ them to safety. How strong and ___28___ they are in struggling with floodwaters!
Many of the volunteers are fishermen and ___29___ boat pilots. They, who come from the southeast United States, are expert in ___30___ through a series of swamps(沼泽)and narrow waterways. The skills they have help them find the way around ___31___ floodwaters.
A reporter ___32___ his feelings and meanwhile ___33___ their deeds after the Cajun Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana. ”The ___34___ were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no ___35___ medals awarded to them for acts of bravery. It was a ___36___ heart, not a commanding officer, that called them into risky ___37___ to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground,” he said.
The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action. They do also ___38___ others’ enthusiasm to get involved. And more and more volunteers join the group. They often put themselves in danger to ___39___ others. And they do not do it for money or attention, but ___40___ because they can help and they want to help.
21. A. improved B. started C. delayed D. survived
22. A. missed B. met C. rescued D. struck
23. A. lives B. officers C. food D. money
24. A. rainfalls B. windstorms C. sandstorms D. raindrops
25. A. cars B. trucks C. bikes D. boats
26. A. in danger B. in place C. out of work D. out of order
27. A. force B. transport C. invite D. persuade
28. A. courageous B. modest C. secure D. straightforward
29. A. honest B. trapped C. skilled D. greedy
30. A. flying B. looking C. sailing D. driving
31. A. peaceful B. mixed C. limited D. powerful
32. A. conveyed B. discovered C. valued D. ignored
33. A. celebrated B. beat C. taught D. asked
34. A. witnesses B. passers-by C. heroes D. victims
35. A. athletic B. military C. ecological D. economic
36. A. weak B. icy C. thoughtless D. selfless
37. A. companies B. currents C. funds D. flights
38. A. acknowledge B. adopt C. investigate D. stimulate
39. A. abandon B. consult C. assist D. guide
40. A. cruelly B. delicately C. merely D. hardly
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。The Cajun Navy是一群志愿者，他们在暴风雨和洪水期间帮助受灾的人们的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该团体在Katrina飓风期间开始做志愿者。A. improved提高；B. started开始；C. delayed推迟；D. survived幸存。根据下文的“volunteering during Hurricane Katrina.”以及“Since then, they have saved more ___3___ around the US”可知，这个组织是从那个时候开始救人的，并且从那以后，救了更多的人。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅在那场风暴中，他们就从被淹没的房屋和屋顶中救出了1万多人！A. missed错过；B. met遇见；C. rescued拯救；D. struck攻击。根据后文的“more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops”可知，是拯救了1万多人。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他们在美国拯救了更多的生命。A. lives生命；B. officers官员；C. food食物；D. money钱。根据前文的“they ___2___ more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops!”可知是拯救了更多的生命。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在许多袭击美国的最严重的风暴中，如哈维飓风和佛罗伦萨飓风，卡津海军都去拯救。A. rainfalls暴雨；B. windstorms风暴；C. sandstorms沙尘暴；D. raindrops雨滴。根据后文的“such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence”可知，这些都是飓风的名字。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们总是用船去那些人和动物被洪水困住的地方。A. cars车；B. trucks卡车；C. bikes自行车；D. boats船。根据下文的“They bring their small boats”可知，他们总是使用船去救助那些被困住的人。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技术去寻找那些处于危险中的人，然后把他们送到安全的地方。A. in danger危险中；B. in place在适当位置；C. out of work失业；D. out of order无序地。根据上文“they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters.”可知，他们总是记住那些处于危险中的人。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. force迫使；B. transport运输；C. invite邀请；D. persuade说服。根据前文的“They bring their small boats and great skills to find those”可知，在救助的过程中，他们使用小船把被困者送到安全的地方。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们与洪水争战，是何等的刚强勇敢。A. courageous勇敢的；B. modest谦虚的；C. secure安全的；D. straightforward直截了当的。根据前文的“strong”可知，此处表述的是在于洪水作斗争的过程中他们是刚强和勇敢的。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多志愿者是渔民和熟练的领航员。A. honest诚实的；B. trapped被困的；C. skilled娴熟的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据前文的“hey bring their small boats and great skills to find those who are ___6___ and then they ___7___ them to safety.”可知，他们是技术娴熟的。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们来自美国东南部，擅长航行通过一系列的沼泽和狭窄的水道。A. flying飞；B. looking看；C. sailing航行；D. driving驾驶。根据前文的“Many of the volunteers are fishermen and ___9___ boat pilots.”可知，他们是熟练的领航员，即他们擅长航行。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们拥有的技能帮助他们在强大的洪水中找到道路。A. peaceful和平的；B. mixed混合的；C. limited有限的；D. powerful强大的。根据前文的“they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters.”可知，这些洪水是十分强大的，困住了人们和动物。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州遭遇严重洪灾时，卡津海军介入救援，一名记者表达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们的事迹。A. conveyed传达；B. discovered发现；C. valued珍惜；D. ignored忽视。根据后文的“his feelings”可知是表达了他的感受。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. celebrated赞扬；B. beat打败；C. taught教；D. asked问。根据后文的“their deeds after the Cajun Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana.”可知，是赞扬了他们的救助行为。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄是来自卡津海军的志愿者，他们没有军衔，没有制服，没有军事奖章授予他们的勇敢行为。A. witnesses目击者；B. passers-by路人；C. heroes英雄；D. victims受害者。根据后文的“who had no ranks, no uniforms”可知是无名英雄，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. athletic运动的；B. military军人的；C. ecological生态的；D. economic经济的。根据“who had no ranks, no uniforms,”可知，军衔和勋章一般是军人才拥有的。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是一名指挥官，把他们召集到危险的急流中，把危险的公民带到更高更安全的地方。A. weak虚弱的；B. icy结冰的；C. thoughtless欠考虑的，轻率的；D. selfless无私的。根据后文的“not a commanding officer, that called them into risky ___17___ to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground”可知，是无私的心召集他们救助那些处于危险的人。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. companies公司；B. currents水流；C. funds资金；D. flights航班。根据前文的“called them into risky”以及后文的“carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground”可知，是从危险的洪水中，把那些被困的人们送到安全的地方。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也会激发其他人参与其中的热情。A. acknowledge承认；B. adopt采纳；C. investigate调查；D. stimulate激发。根据前文的“The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action.”可知，他们也激发这别人参与其中。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常置自己于危险之中去帮助别人。A. abandon抛弃；B. consult咨询；C. assist协助；D. guide指导。根据下文“And they do not do it for money or attention, but___20___because they can help and they want to help.”可知，这些志愿者这么做，只是想要帮助别人。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们这样做不是为了钱或关注，而仅仅是因为他们能够提供帮助，而且他们想要提供帮助。A. cruelly残酷地；B. delicately精致地；C. merely仅仅地；D. hardly几乎不。根据前文的“And they do not do it for money or attention,”可知，与下文的“but”中的内容构成转折。此处表示“仅仅想要帮助他人。”故选C。
四、语法填空(共10题;每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sydney ____41____(consider) to be one of the most expensive cities in the world. But it is possible for international students living on a budget____42____(find) lots of things to do. For students who enjoy physical activities and nature, there are many places to walk, hike and explore.
The Blue Mountains, located in the ____43____(centre) areas of the Sydney Basin, offers ____44____ number of hiking trails for people of all athletic abilities to take all-day hikes, or camping adventures. Students ____45____(draw) more to beaches can do the Bondi Beach to Coogee Beach walk. This walk takes you a little under four miles along the coastline, providing you ____46____ a view of various beautiful beaches and parks. You can also walk through the Royal Botanical Gardens, ____47____ is located along the Sydney Harbour, ____48____(feature) public art and sculptures scattered throughout the gardens. Students will also want to walk across the Sydney Harbour Bridge, which is the ____49____(large) steel-arch bridge in the world. The bridge was built on March 19, 1932, and walking it is a popular choice for both locals and tourists. Walking the bridge gives you a unique view of the bridge _____50_____(it), the city and the harbor.
【答案】41. is considered
42. to find
43. central
44. a 45. drawn
46. with 47. which
48. featuring
49. largest
50. itself
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。悉尼通常被认为是世界上生活成本最高的城市之一。对于喜欢体育活动和大自然的学生来说，这里有很多地方可以散步、徒步和探索。
【41题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：悉尼被认为是世界上生活成本最高的城市之一。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Sydney，谓语用单数。故填is considered。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是对于生活拮据的国际学生来说，也有可能找到很多事情去做。此处为句型it be adj. for sb. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。故填to find。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：蓝山位于悉尼盆地的中心地区，为各种运动能力的人提供了许多徒步路线，以进行全天的徒步旅行或露营冒险。修饰名词areas，应用形容词central，作定语。故填central。
【44题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：蓝山位于悉尼盆地的中心地区，为各种运动能力的人提供了许多徒步路线，以进行全天的徒步旅行或露营冒险。结合句意表示“许多”可知，短语为a number of。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被海滩吸引的学生可以在邦迪海滩到库吉海滩散步。分析句子结构可知，draw在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语students构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填drawn。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：沿着海岸线步行不到4英里，你可以看到各种美丽的海滩和公园。此处为短语provide sb. with sth.表示“给某人提供某物”。故填with。
【47题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：你也可以穿过皇家植物园，它位于悉尼港沿岸，公共艺术和雕塑散落在花园中。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Royal Botanical Gardens，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你也可以穿过皇家植物园，它位于悉尼港沿岸，公共艺术和雕塑散落在花园中。分析句子结构可知，feature在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the Royal Botanical Gardens构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填featuring。
【49题详解】
考查最高级。句意：学生们还想步行穿过悉尼海港大桥，这是世界上最大的钢拱桥。根据后文in the world可知，应用最高级。故填largest。
50题详解】
考查代词。句意：走在桥上，你可以看到桥本身、城市和港口的独特景色。此处指桥本身，应用反身代词itself。故填itself。
五、短文改错(共15分)
51. 假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When it comes to music, here is how I want to say: Music is one of the important part in my life. The beautiful classical music not only helps us deal with stress, but bring me pleasure. Although some songs contain rock-and-roll beats, but they still can make me feel calm and comfortable. I believe music is able to passing on all kinds of emotions. While prepared for the coming day, I love listening to music as my regularly morning routine. Also, I am planning to learn to play piano. Without songs and harmonies, my life will be completely empty.
【答案】1.how→what
2.part→parts
3.us→me
4.bring→brings
5.去掉but
6.passing→pass
7.prepared→preparing
8.regularly→regular
9.piano前加the
10.will→would
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了音乐对于作者的生活来说是非常重要的一部分。
【详解】1. 考查名词性从句。句意：说到音乐，我想说的是：音乐是我生活中重要的一部分。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句中缺少宾语，指物，用连接代词what。故将how改为what。
2. 考查名词的数。句意：说到音乐，我想说的是：音乐是我生活中重要的一部分。one of +复数名词。故将part改为parts。
3. 考查代词。句意：优美的古典音乐不仅能帮助我缓解压力，还能给我带来快乐。根据上文可知，作者讲的是音乐给自己带来的好处，而不是给我们带来的好处，所以用代词me。故将us改为me。
4. 考查谓语动词。句意：优美的古典音乐不仅能帮助我缓解压力，还能给我带来快乐。not only…but(also)…引导的并列谓语，bring应该和helps保持一致，所以用第三人称单数形式。故将bring改为brings。
5. 考查连词。句意：虽然有些歌曲含有摇滚的节奏，但他们仍然可以让我感到平静和舒适。分析句子成分可知，although引导让步状语从句，连词but不可与although连用。故将but去掉。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信音乐能够传递各种情绪。be able to do能够做……，是固定短语。故将passing改为pass。
7. 考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：在为即将到来的一天做准备的同时，我喜欢把听音乐作为我早上的日常。本句为状语从句的省略，当while引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，从句主语可省略，省略原则是将主语和be动词同时省略。while引导的状语从句的完整形式为：while I am preparing for the coming day，故将prepared改为preparing。
8. 考查形容词。句意：在为即将到来的一天做准备的同时，我喜欢把听音乐作为我早上的常规工作。修饰名词用形容词形式。故将regularly改为regular。
9. 考查冠词。句意：此外，我计划学习弹钢琴。英语中，乐器前加定冠词the。故在piano前加the。
10. 考查虚拟语气。句意：没有歌曲和和声，我的生活将是完全空虚的。本句为without构成的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，主句部分用would+动词原形。故将will改为would。
六、书面表达(共25分)
52. 请你以学生会的名义，以“We Should Take the Family Responsibilities”为主题写一份倡议书，向全校同学发起倡议，内容包括：
1. 承担责任的必要性；
2. 如何承担家庭责任；
3. 发起倡议。
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
As we are growing into teenagers, we should take the family responsibilities. Some students take it for granted that our parents should take care of us. But we should know that we are part of our family, so we also should be responsible for the whole family. We should take care of our parents as they do it for us. We can do some cleaning, wash the clothes, or make some food. Only after we do these things can we realize the hardship and love from our parents.
Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities! We teenagers should learn to do it.
The Students Union
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生以“We Should Take the Family Responsibilities”为主题写一份倡议书，向全校同学发起倡议，要学会承担家庭责任。
【详解】1.词汇积累
变成：grow into→turn into
照顾：take care of→care for
意识到：realize→understand
采取行动：take action→take measures
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Boys and girls take action to share the family responsibilities! We teenagers should learn to do it.
拓展句：Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities, which is what we teenagers should learn to do.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As we are growing into teenagers, we should take the family responsibilities.（由As引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]Some students take it for granted that our parents should take care of us.（由that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型3]But we should know that we are part of our family, so we also should be responsible for the whole family.（由that引导的宾语从句）