高中试卷答案网曲阜一中高三开学考试英语试题
第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are some of the most interesting and notable Nobel prize winners of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
Dorothy Hodgkin (Oxford and Cambridge, Chemistry, 1964)
The first British woman to win a Nobel prize, Dorothy Hodgkin is a graduate of both Oxford and Cambridge. At the time when she was studying in Oxford, she would not have been able to take a degree at Cambridge, which did not grant women full degrees until 1947.
Along with the Nobel prize, her ground-breaking work was also recognised with the Order of Merit (功绩勋章), which she became only the second woman to receive, after Florence Nightingale.
Amartya Sen (Oxford and Cambridge, Economics, 1998)
Born in Bengal in 1933, Amartya Sen was just nine years old when he witnessed the famine（饥荒） of 1943, which killed three million people. Nearly 20 years later, he wrote about poverty and famines. It was for his work on famine that he was awarded the Nobel prize.
Malala Yousafzai (Oxford, Peace, 2014)
The youngest-ever Nobel prize winner, Malala Yousafzai won the Nobel Peace Prize before she was even old enough to go to university. She is currently an undergraduate at the University of Oxford, studying Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Lady Margaret Hall.
At the age of 12, she became more and more involved in campaigning for girls’ education. She was awarded the Nobel prize at the age of just 17 in recognition of her fight for children’s education.
Elizabeth H Blackburn (Cambridge, Medicine, 2009)
Australian-American Elizabeth Blackburn completed her PhD at the University of Cambridge. It was there that she met her future husband, and together they work at Yale, where her most significant work to date has been completed. Blackburn’s research for which she won the Nobel prize was on telomerase (端粒酶). Telomeres play a role in ageing and many diseases, most notably cancer.
1. What happened to Amartya Sen when he was nine
A. He wrote a work on poverty and famines.
B. He was recognised with the Order of Merit.
C. He was admitted into the University of Oxford.
D. He witnessed a great famine resulting in many deaths.
2. Who is the youngest to win a Nobel prize
A. Dorothy Hodgkin.
B. Amartya Sen.
C. Malala Yousafzai.
D. Elizabeth H Blackburn.
3. What do we know about Elizabeth H Blackburn from the text
A. She met her husband at the University of Yale.
B. She was awarded a Nobel prize at the age of just 17.
C. She was the first British woman to win a Nobel prize.
D. She won a Nobel prize for her research on telomerase.
B
The bride is 97. The groom is 98. The couple has been married for 77 years, and thanks to some very special people, they were finally treated to some very special wedding memories they missed out on all those years ago.
The Kings are just like family to the staff of the St. Croix Hospice who serve as caretakers for the elderly pair in their Oelwein, Idaho home. With a big anniversary coming up, their caregivers wanted to do something special to celebrate the occasion — and knowing something of the couple’s history, they came up with a perfect plan.
When Frankie and Royce King took their vows (誓言) on September 16, 1944, the world was a very different place. The simple church ceremony was small and short. Rather than a lace gown (蕾丝长裙), Frankie wore a suit. There was no photographer on hand to record the vows.
While Frankie and Royce’s wedding lacked splendor (壮观), their life together has more than made up for it. Two kids, four grandkids, and several great-grandkids later, the Kings’ marriage is still going strong.
On their anniversary, as one staff member played Big-Band era tunes on his saxophone and another took photos, Frankie, dressed in a lovely 1940s-era wedding gown, was led through a flower-covered archway to where Royce was waiting for her. By the time the big wedding cake was served, there wasn’t a dry eye in the house.
Photographer Hilary Michelson said, “I work for St. Croix Hospice full-time while doing photography in my spare time. I am passionate about both of my jobs and it made my heart so incredibly full to see them embracing each other.”
The Kings’ daughter, Sue Bilodeau, is now putting together a photo album of cherished memories for them. “It was definitely one of the most special things ever,” she said. “When Mom mentioned she didn’t have time to plan a big wedding and didn’t have a photographer, the St. Croix staff members worked together to make sure they could get their special day.”
4. What did the staff of the St. Croix Hospice decide to do for the Kings
A. Help them recall their wedding memories.
B. Take good care of them as family members.
C. Write something about the couple’s history.
D. Celebrate their wedding anniversary like a real wedding.
5. What was the Kings’ wedding ceremony like
A. It seemed to be the perfect plan.
B. It was simple and held in a small church.
C. It was followed by the couple’s long separation.
D. It had only one photographer to record their vows.
6. What was everyone’s response when the wedding cake was served
A. They were all in tears.
B. They applauded loudly.
C. They were busy taking pictures of the couple.
D. They stopped doing everything and watched.
7. What did the Kings’ daughter think of what the staff did
A. It made her feel ashamed of herself.
B. They set a good example for people.
C. It was meaningful and she was thankful.
D. She was passionate about doing the same work.
C
Batman may not have any superpowers, but his inspiration certainly does.
More than 1,400 bat species live around the world, except in Antarctica and a few remote islands. Over their 50 million years of evolution, bats have developed clever solutions to life’s challenges, from a built-in sonar (声呐) system for finding food to fast, flexible wings that produce the fastest level-flight speed of any animal on Earth.
“There is still a lot to learn, but it is clear that bats really do have superpowers,” says Rodrigo Medellín, an ecologist. “Bats are showing us how to live a better life, for instance, by serving as models for healthy living and long lives.”
As a general rule in biology, smaller animals have shorter lives than larger ones. But bats are rule breakers: they’re the longest-lived mammals (哺乳动物) relative to their body size. Recently, scientists looked inside bats’ cells for the secrets to their exceptionally long lives. They focused on telomeres (端粒), which are the protective structures found at the ends of chromosomes (染色体). In most animals, telomeres tend to get shorter with age. But the telomeres of the longest-lived group of bats, Myotis, do not appear to shrink with age. Understanding why bats live so long may help humans live longer one day.
In addition to living longer, bats remain healthy throughout their lives, with very low risk of developing cancer. Furthermore, bats can carry deadly viruses without getting sick. So further research into their unique immune (免疫的) systems may actually give insight into how people can live with viruses and not get sick.
Beyond their own abilities, bats also support many other parts of their ecosystems.
Three out of every four bat species eat insects. Many are pests that cause damage to important agricultural crops, such as cotton. Scientists estimate that insect-eating bats may save U.S. farmers about ■ billion per year. In addition, many bat species help improve plant health and diversity.
“Bats are unsung heroes of biodiversity,” says Medellín. “It’s about time we appreciated them.”
8. What can be learned about bats from the text
A. They fly the fastest of all land animals.
B. They are at low risk of falling sick with a virus.
C. They live mainly on the islands of Antarctica.
D. They are the longest-lived animals given their size.
9. What did scientists recently find
A. Animals’ telomeres rarely shrink with age.
B. Myotis’s telomeres do not shorten as they age.
C. Smaller animals usually live shorter lives than larger ones.
D. More research into bat telomeres could help people live more healthily.
10. What is the author’s intention in writing the last paragraph but one
A. To show what bats feed on.
B. To call on people to protect bats.
C. To explain how bats benefit the farmers.
D. To highlight the importance of bats to the ecosystem.
11. What would be a suitable title for this text
A. Bats Offer Clues to Treating Diseases
B. How Bats Deal with Life’s Challenges
C. Scientists Unlock the Secrets to Long Lives
D. Why Bats Are Superheroes of the Animal World
C
The grass swung gently above a crack in the limestone (石灰岩) and Ludvik Husu realized he had found what he was searching for: a new cave in Slovenia’s dramatic Karst (喀斯特) region.
The cave enthusiast, with more than 50 years of experience, told AFP that “the conditions were perfect ... all the signs pointed to something beneath” as he felt the air current push up from below.
The 63-year-old had come across a new, 60-meter-deep limestone cave, a discovery that made the headlines this summer in a country that prides itself on its 14,000 underground caves.
The tiny Alpine nation is unusually rich in caves, which are a major tourist attraction. Perhaps the best known is the Postojna cave system, the longest in Europe, discovered by another amateur enthusiast two centuries ago. It extends for 24 kilometers and has offered up valuable finds for biologists.
Stanislav Glazar, a Postojna cave guide, told AFP that more than 150 species have been discovered in the system.
Glazar said Postojna is one of the richest caves in the world “in limestone formations.” The cave, located about 50 kilometers south of the capital Ljubljana, was also home to the world’s first cave tourist train, which began transporting visitors in 1872.
Elsewhere in the Karst region, the cave systems are of historical, cultural and even extraterrestrial interest. For instance, the UNESCO-listed Skocjan system was where the European Space Agency sent some astronauts to prepare for life in space.
“Astronauts know that the Karst world is exceptional, in a similar way to the environment in space: you don’t know what to expect at your next step,” said Skocjan Caves director Tomaz Zorman.
But for Husu, it’s the exploration that proves most rewarding. Once he knows there is something beneath, he digs around the crack to widen it and alerts fellow cavers to help gain access. He then uses ropes and a lamp to go down to what are vertical entrances in most caves. But doesn’t he feel scared to enter such unexplored depths
“You enter a cave out of curiosity — there is no fear! Those who feel fear should stay home,” he said.
12. What was people’s attitude towards Ludvik Husu’s new finding this summer
A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
13. What can be learned about the Postojna cave system from Stanislav Glazar’s words
A. It has little biological value.
B. It has diverse limestone formations.
C. It is the most famous cave system in Europe.
D. It has been open to the public for two centuries.
14. What does the underlined word “extraterrestrial” in the seventh paragraph probably mean
A. Financial. B. Political. C. Alien. D. Biological.
15. What can be inferred from the text
A. Slovenia is known for its Karst landforms.
B. Ludvik Husu started exploring caves before he was 13.
C. Slovenia has the most underground caves in the world.
D. Ludvik Husu is often upset about entering unexplored caves.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Can you say mama Or dada ” If you’ve spent any time around a baby, chances are you’ve heard or said things like these. 16 For instance, baby talk, “parentese” (父母语), or, according to development specialists, child-directed speech. Although this kind of small talk might seem meaningless, the conversations are important.
Baby talk is an important piece of speech and language development. Studies show that when babies are exposed to such talk every day throughout their first year of life, they develop stronger vocabularies than other kids. And the little ones are eager for it. 17 So when parents apply it, they help their babies learn more words and promote social interaction.
Child-directed speech wasn’t always valued. Before the middle of the 20th century, researchers largely ignored it as a subject of study. Until the early 1990s, many developmental psychologists and linguists believed that without any help, we would learn how to speak and form complete sentences by ourselves. 18
But over the past few decades, numerous studies have found that throughout their first year of life, when babies are regularly exposed to such talk in addition to normal speech, they process, learn, and remember words presented to them in singsong tones (语调) better. One reason may have to do with how babies interact with the world. 19 However, but their ears perk up (竖起来) when a caregiver makes that singsong tone.
20 In a 2020 study, researchers found that bat parents also used a different tone to communicate with their babies. Baby talk has also been observed in a few other species like squirrel monkeys.
A. Baby talk tends to be spoken at a slower rate.
B. Humans aren’t the only ones that use baby talk.
C. They tend to ignore adult conversations and other background noises.
D. Luckily, parents can be taught methods to improve their parentese skills.
E. Some doctors even advised parents to avoid using baby talk, thinking it too silly.
F. The distinct tone of parentese catches their attention, allowing them to benefit from it.
G. The singsong tone we switch to when interacting with young children can have many names.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last summer, my grandma took our large family on a vacation to Tanzania for a few weeks. While we did spend a large amount of time 21 wildlife in the Serengeti national park, the most memorable part of the trip for me was 22 the local culture. I was moved by how friendly and 23 everybody there was.
Whenever we rode somewhere in the ‘safari trucks’, the local children would, at the sight of the trucks, rush to the side of the road to 24 and shout “hello”. I could tell by their huge smiles that they were really 25 at the sight of us, not just doing what they’d been told to do in front of tourists. We were happy to 26 a wave or a high five, too. At one point when our guide was showing us around a local village, a woman came over and started talking to us in the local language, which our guide 27 for us. The woman wanted to show us the baby rabbits that she was 28 . She welcomed us into her house. I was very 29 by this. I would never think of inviting a stranger off the street into my house back in the United States.
After we saw the super-cute newborn rabbits, we continued through the village. At the next house, there was a family 30 fish over a fire for dinner. Our guide asked if he could buy some. While he ate his fish, the family invited us into their yard. Everybody’s attitude was so 31 from that of people back home, who now seemed boring and 32 . Things that seemed so unusual to me, like letting strangers into one’s house, are completely 33 to these people.
When the trip ended and we got back to the United States, I almost felt a 34 connection to the people I met in Tanzania than to the people at home. The time that I spent in Tanzania was the time in my life when I felt the most 35 .
21. A. observing B. watching C. researching D. protecting
22. A. seeking for B. learning about C. coming across D. breaking into
23. A. flexible B. responsible C. sensible D. hospitable
24. A. skate B. play C. jump D. wave
25. A. shy B. sad C. afraid D. happy
26. A. return B. pay C. reward D. praise
27. A. decorated B. translated C. described D. employed
28. A. trapping B. hunting C. raising D. painting
29. A. embarrassed B. frightened C. ashamed D. surprised
30. A. cutting B. killing C. cooking D. washing
31. A. free B. absent C. safe D. different
32. A. distant B. friendly C. humorous D. generous
33. A. formal B. precious C. special D. normal
34. A. closer B. faster C. longer D. clearer
35. A. hopeful B. welcome C. capable D. grateful
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zara Rutherford is flying around the world by (36)__________(she) in a small plane. When she finishes her trip, which will take over two months, she’ll become the (37)________(young) woman to fly all the way around the globe by herself. She’s just 19 years old.
This trip is something Ms. Rutherford (38)___________(dream) about for a long time. She’s been learning to fly planes since she was 14 years old. She got her pilot’s license in 2020 and has hundreds of hours of flying practice.
Ms. Rutherford is making this trip in a small two-seater plane (39)_______(call) a microlight. One of the seats has been replaced with (40)__________ extra fuel tank, which will allow Ms. Rutherford to cover longer distances.
The plane has had several other updates (升级) for (41)_________ (safe), including a second radio, and satellite communications (42)_______ let her talk to people whenever she needs to.
Even (43)______________ the extra tank, Ms. Rutherford won’t be able to fly for long distances over the ocean. Because of this, her route is full of (44)__________(stop) in different countries.
She plans to stay a night or two in each place to visit schools and youth groups. She hopes to inspire young girls (45)________(explore) fields like aviation (航空), science, mathematics, and engineering. As her father points out, at present, only about 5% of pilots are women.
第三部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华。你校的留学生Rita对跳水有着浓厚的兴趣。现恰逢你校跳水队招收新成员，请你给她写封邮件邀请她加入，内容包括：
1. 校跳水队的活动；
2. 报名方式及截止日期。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
One of the tires on my car had a nail in it. Of all times for this to happen — a flat tire. But when is a good time for a flat tire Not when you are wearing a suit and you have been traveling for nearly five hours on a country road and, adding to this unpleasant picture, dusk is approaching. What’s worse, my cellphone didn’t have a signal there. No kidding!
I sat for a few minutes complaining, but I had no choice but to begin emptying my trunk (后备箱) so that I could get at the spare tire and tools needed to get the job done. I carry a large plastic container filled with what I call “just-in-case stuff.”
Darkness began to settle in. It was becoming a bit difficult to see. The tire was on the passenger side, thank God, away from all the traffic, but it also made it difficult to benefit from the headlights of passing cars.
Suddenly, a car pulled off the road behind me. In the blinding light I saw a male figure approaching me. “Hey, do you need any help ” “Well, it certainly isn’t easy doing this with a white shirt and suit on,” I said. Then he stepped into the light. I literally was frightened.
This young guy was dressed in black, with both his arms covered in tattoos (文身). His hair was poorly cut. He had leather bracelets with spikes (长钉) on each wrist. “How about I give you a hand ” he said. “Well, I don’t know... I think I can...” I said nervously. “Come on, it will only take me a few minutes.” He took right over. While watching him I happened to look back at his car and noticed for the first time someone sitting in the passenger seat. That concerned me.
I suddenly felt nervous. Thoughts of carjackings (劫车) and robberies flashed through my mind. I really just wanted to get this over and survive it.
Paragraph 1: Then, without warning, it began to rain heavily. ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: “My grandson insisted on stopping to help you when he saw you struggling with the tire,” the old woman said. ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
英语答案
1-5 DCDDB 6-10 ACBBD 11-15 DBBCB 16-20 GFECB
21-25 BBDDD 26-30 ABCDC 31-35 DADAB
36. herself 37. youngest 38. has dreamed / has dreamt / has been dreaming
39. called 40. an 41. safety 42. which / that 43. with
44. stops 45. to explore
写作（One possible version）
第一节
Dear Rita,
I’m writing to inform you that our school’s diving team is recruiting new members〔1〕. I know you are particularly interested in diving and quite good at it, so I want to invite you to join the team.
Our school holds many big events, such as the middle school diving championship and the Youth Diving Championships. If you join the team, you can get expert training and compete with high-level players in the events〔2〕. I hope you will accept this invitation. You can download the registration form from our school website and fill it out〔3〕 and send it to the school email address. The registration deadline is March 5, 2022.
I look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
Paragraph 1: Then, without warning, it began to rain heavily. I told him I appreciated his help and would finish it by myself after the rain stopped. “Get in my car. We’ll wait with you,” he said, putting my stuff back in the trunk. It was raining cats and dogs, so I jumped in his car and settled into the back seat. Suddenly, a small, soft voice came from the front seat of the car. “Are you all right ” she said as she turned around. “Yes, I am,” I replied with much relief seeing the old woman there.
Paragraph 2: “My grandson insisted on stopping to help you when he saw you struggling with the tire,” the old woman said. “I am grateful for his help,” I said. “He is a great kid. He’s always eager to help people in need,” she said with a laugh. I felt ashamed of myself that I had judged him by the way he was dressed. Later, when the rain stopped, we changed the tire. I tried to offer him money, but he refused it. Then I thought that what people wear on the outside actually can’t decide what they wear on the inside. It’s one’s spirit that matters most.