高中试卷答案网2022级高二·十二月·五校联考
英语科试题
(满分120分。考试时间120分钟。)
注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。并用2B铅笔将对应的信息点涂黑，不按要求填涂的，答卷无效。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，只需将答题卡交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
To live more sustainably (可持续地) and protect our planet for now and the future, we need to inspire everyone to reuse, reduce, and recycle. Luckily, human brains are incredibly creative, which is why, alongside the LEGO Group, we’re asking you to design a brilliant invention that gives old objects a new purpose. You could do it at home or ask your teacher if your class could get involved.
The LEGO Build the Change programme encourages young people to come up with creative solutions to real-world challenges and inspire politicians, scientists and engineers to make real changes. The builders of tomorrow are encouraged to come up with fun and clever ways to protect our environment.
THE CHALLENGE
Design an invention that repurposes old objects. Draw your invention on a sheet of A4 paper and give it a name. Try to make it as clear as possible what your invention is for and how it works. The judges are looking for creative and bright ideas with a great name and a clear explanation of what it does. How to Enter Ask an adult to take a photo of your drawing and upload it to co.uk/legocomp. Please only send in one entry per person. We look forward to seeing your design.
WIN GREAT PRIZES
All of the entries will be looked at by our panel of judges (裁判组), who will choose three winners — one overall winner and two runners-up. The winners will receive... ◆The first place winner: A complete LEGO Build the Change Classroom Kit for your school plus the LEGO Classic Build Together set. ◆ 2 runners-up: A LEGO Classic Lots of Bricks set each.
So, grab a pen, a pencil, your LEGO bricks or other creative craft materials and design your cutting-edge invention. Whether it is playful or serious, we’d like to see a picture or a model, with an explanation of how it works and how it could change the world.
1. What is the purpose of the LEGO Build the Change programme
A. To encourage recycling and reusing. B. To provide LEGO sets for schools.
C. To teach youths about the real world. D. To invent new popular LEGO sets.
2. What will the overall winner of the Build the Change contest receive
A. A picture of their invention. B. Certificate of participation.
C. LEGO Classic Lots of Bricks set. D. Classroom Kit & Build Together set.
3. What is the primary requirement for participating in the contest
A. Sending multiple entries at a time. B. Using only LEGO bricks to design.
C. Asking a teacher to submit an entry. D. Designing inventions on certain paper.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了乐高Build The Change设计大赛的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“To live more sustainably (可持续地) and protect our planet for now and the future, we need to inspire everyone to reuse, reduce, and recycle. Luckily, human brains are incredibly creative, which is why, alongside the LEGO Group, we’re asking you to design a brilliant invention that gives old objects a new purpose. (为了更可持续地生活，保护我们现在和未来的地球，我们需要激励每个人重复使用、减少使用和回收利用。幸运的是，人类的大脑是非常有创造力的，这就是为什么我们要和乐高集团一起，要求你设计一个伟大的发明，给旧的东西一个新的用途)”可知，LEGO Build the Change项目的目的是鼓励循环使用和重复使用。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据WIN GREAT PRIZES部分中“◆The first place winner: A complete LEGO Build the Change Classroom Kit for your school plus the LEGO Classic Build Together set.(第一名的获胜者：一套完整的乐高“改变教室”工具包和乐高经典“一起建造”套装)”可知，总冠军(the overall winner)会得到“改变教室”工具包和乐高的“一起建造”套装。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据THE CHALLENGE部分中“Draw your invention on a sheet of A4 paper and give it a name.(在一张A4纸上画出你的发明，并给它起个名字)”和最后一段“So, grab a pen, a pencil, your LEGO bricks or other creative craft materials and design your cutting-edge invention.(所以，拿一支钢笔，一支铅笔，你的乐高积木或其他创意工艺材料，设计你的顶尖发明)”可知，参赛的基本条件是用笔在A4纸上设计自己的发明。故选D项。
B
Pushpa hates tears but when she tells of incidents from her childhood, which she spent battling poverty, she can’t help feeling overwhelmed. “We used to be able to afford only one meal every day,” she says. But as challenging as those early years were, they would lead to her remarkable life as a scribe (抄写员) for people with special needs.
Pushpa remembers enjoying a blessedly normal childhood, peppered with “toys, dinners out and movies at the theatre”, until around grade 4. But life as she knew it disappeared when an accident left her father disabled.
“My mother, who wasn’t well-educated, had to work for 500 per month.” But what hit her hardest was her struggle to continue her education. The memory of her grade 7 teacher refusing to allow her to attend classes over unpaid school fees still hurts.
One day in 2007, while travelling with two visually impaired (有缺陷的) college students by bus, she heard them talk about how difficult it was for them to continue their education. “I remembered my own struggle to finish my studies so I seized the opportunity to help them.”
“I was a little nervous at first because I had passed my grade 10 examination only with a third class,” she smiles. “Since then, I’ve written exams for students who have low IQ, or are blind or visually impaired, or have met with an accident.”
It is, by no means, an easy task. “I read out the questions slowly and, sometimes, several times, and wait for the student to tell me the answer. I have seen scribes getting irritated (愤怒的) at students and that should not happen.” she explains.
Over the last 16 years, the young girl who once survived on handouts has come a long way. Connecting with examinees by word of mouth, till date, Pushpa has written 1,086 exams for special-needs test-takers and won the Nari Shakti Puraskar in 2018 for her efforts. “You should be prepared to help the student for those few hours, without expecting anything in return.” Pushpa adds.
4. What do we know about Pushpa according to Paragraph 1
A. Her ambition to serve people. B. Her early fight against poverty.
C. Her inability to control emotions. D. Her gratitude to the past hardships.
5. What was the probable reason for Pushpa to start her work as a scribe
A. She was sympathetic for others. B. She expected to shoot to fame.
C. She was professional in the job. D. She was eager for much money.
6. What quality should a scribe have in Pushpa’s eyes
A. Intelligence. B. Respect. C. Patience. D. Cooperation.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Helping Hand B. A Hardship-filled Life
C. An Old-fashioned Job D. A Devoted Prize Winner
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了普什帕早年生活贫困，这段经历使她成为了一名为有特殊需要的人做记录员的非凡人生，她通过做一名抄写员来帮助那些有特殊需要的学生。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Pushpa hates tears but when she tells of incidents from her childhood, which she spent battling poverty, she can’t help feeling overwhelmed.(普什帕讨厌流泪，但当她讲述自己与贫困作斗争的童年往事时，她忍不住感到不知所措)”可知，普什帕早期与贫困的斗争。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But as challenging as those early years were, they would lead to her remarkable life as a scribe (抄写员) for people with special needs.(尽管早年的生活充满了挑战，但这段经历使她成为了一名为有特殊需要的人做记录员的非凡人生)”以及第四段“I remembered my own struggle to finish my studies so I seized the opportunity to help them.(我记得自己为完成学业所做的努力，所以我抓住机会帮助他们)”可知，普什帕开始做抄写员的原因可能是出于同情别人。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It is, by no means, an easy task. “I read out the questions slowly and, sometimes, several times, and wait for the student to tell me the answer. I have seen scribes getting irritated (愤怒的) at students and that should not happen.” she explains.(这绝不是一件容易的事。“我慢慢地把问题念出来，有时要念好几遍，然后等着学生告诉我答案。我见过抄写员生学生的气，这是不应该发生的。”她解释道)”可知，在普什帕眼里，抄写员应该有耐心。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Over the last 16 years, the young girl who once survived on handouts has come a long way. Connecting with examinees by word of mouth, till date, Pushpa has written 1,086 exams for special-needs test-takers and won the Nari Shakti Puraskar in 2018 for her efforts. “You should be prepared to help the student for those few hours, without expecting anything in return.” Pushpa adds.(在过去的16年里，这个曾经靠救济过活的小女孩已经走了很长一段路。到目前为止，普什帕已经为有特殊需要的考生写了1086份考试，并因此在2018年赢得了全国学生考试奖。“你应该准备好在那几个小时里帮助学生，而不期待任何回报。”普什帕补充道)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了普什帕早年生活贫困，这段经历使她成为了一名为有特殊需要的人做记录员的非凡人生，她通过做一名抄写员来帮助那些有特殊需要的学生。可知，A选项“援助之手”最符合文章标题。故选A。
C
Researchers believe they have accurately estimated Antarctica’s Weddell seal population for the first time—using images from space and the eyes of citizen scientists.
Previous estimates of their population were “more back-of-the-envelope type calculations”, said Dr. Michelle LaRue, a professor of New Zealand’s University of Canterbury. “The previous research was done by traditional surveyors, but you can’t physically get to the entire Antarctic continent all at one time,” she said.
The results were “inaccurate”, so in 2016 LaRue created the first estimate of the seals’ baseline population, using satellite imagery and the keen eyes of 330,000 curious volunteers. “We combined the imagery with a web platform to conduct a citizen science campaign to find out where seals are present, their abundance, and the environmental factors that influence their habitat preferences,” LaRue said.
They discovered that, at the time the satellite images were taken in 2021, the global population was actually just 40% of the 800,000 animals previously estimated. The study, published in late 2021, estimated that there were about 202,000 sub-adult and adult female Weddell seals in Antarctica. Male seals were generally not captured in the satellite images because they were typically under the ice, guarding their territories, LaRue added.
The study also found that Weddell seals lived on about 1% of the ice and were picky about where they settled. The project relied heavily on volunteers to search the satellite images for signs of seals. Participants were given images of an area in Antarctica to scour and asked to tick a box saying if they believed they could see a seal or not. The more people to click yes, the more efficient the narrowing down of habitats became.
“The method is now being employed by other scientists to help determine the population of walrus(海象) in the Arctic,” LaRue said, “Looking at broader ecosystems and the relationships between animals and their environment was important in the long run, but to do that, it was helpful to have population guides for single species.” Once scientists have that information, they “can start adding it all together and putting together the puzzle a little bit better”.
8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Limitation of previous studies. B. Significance of previous estimates.
C. Inspiration for LaRue’s research. D. Difficulty in exploring the Antarctica.
9. What does the underlined word “scour” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Record. B. Appreciate.
C. Examine. D. Post.
10. Walrus are mentioned in Paragraph 6 to present _________.
A. a suggestion for follow-up studies. B. supporting evidence for the research results.
C. an application of the research method. D. further explanations of the research methods.
11. What is the purpose of the text
A. To call for more research on counting seals.
B. To introduce a breakthrough in seal research.
C. To appeal to people to protect Weddell seals.
D. To discuss the involvement of citizen scientists.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述研究人员相信，他们首次使用太空图像和公民科学家眼睛准确估计了南极洲威德尔海豹的数量。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Previous estimates of their population were ‘more back-of-the-envelope type calculations’, said Dr. Michelle LaRue, a professor of New Zealand’s University of Canterbury. ‘The previous research was done by traditional surveyors, but you can’t physically get to the entire Antarctic continent all at one time,’ she said.(新西兰坎特伯雷大学教授Michelle LaRue博士说，之前对其人口的估计是‘更多的幕后计算’。她说：‘以前的研究是由传统的测量师完成的，但你不可能一次测量整个南极大陆。’)”可知，文章第二段主要讲述先前研究的局限性。故选A项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第五段“The project relied heavily on volunteers to search the satellite images for signs of seals. Participants were given images of an area in Antarctica to scour and asked to tick a box saying if they believed they could see a seal or not. (该项目在很大程度上依赖志愿者在卫星图像中搜索海豹的迹象。参与者被提供了南极洲一个需要 的区域的图像，并被要求在方框中打勾，说明他们是否相信自己能看到海豹。)”可知，scour应表示“检查”的意思，和后文“看见”对应。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The method is now being employed by other scientists to help determine the population of walrus(海象) in the Arctic(其他科学家现在正在使用这种方法来帮助确定北极海象的数量)”可知，作者提到海象是为了呈现此研究方法的一种应用。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Researchers believe they have accurately estimated Antarctica’s Weddell seal population for the first time—using images from space and the eyes of citizen scientists.(研究人员相信，他们首次使用太空图像和公民科学家的眼睛准确估计了南极洲威德尔海豹的数量。)”以及后文可知，文章主要介绍在海豹研究中的突破——即首次使用太空图像和公民科学家的眼睛准确估计了南极洲威德尔海豹的数量。故选B项。
D
The school hallway between classes may seem disordered. But there’s likely more order in the crowd than you think. In a heavy crowd with people going in opposite directions, there’s often a pattern. People tend to sort themselves into lanes (队伍) that run parallel to each other. If a space is wide enough, two groups of people passing each other head-on will form multiple lanes. Each lane will be about the width of two people. If two groups cross paths at right angles, they still form lanes. But these lanes behave differently. Each person stays in their lane, but the lane shifts to the side as the groups cross. Attempts to direct the crowd may not help, and it will mess up this natural flow. This slows everybody down.
Tim Rogers and Karol Bacik reported these results in a journal. They began working on crowds during the pandemic. They were working to design spaces where people could stay socially distanced to prevent viral spread. Decades ago Dirk Helbing, a physicist in Switzerland, created a mathematical model that describes the direction a walker plans to go. Rogers and Bacik added factors related to crowd patterns to Helbing’s software. The resulting model describes lane formation as a result of two processes.
The first process is drift. As soon as a line of people starts to form headed one way, others going the same way are drawn to it. This encourages lane formation. The second one is diffusion (扩散) which causes people to spread out from a crowded space. In a crowd, the end result is lanes about two people wide—just big enough to resist diffusion.
The model’s predictions stood the test of a real crowd. The researchers filmed a group of 70 people walking through an open space. People consistently ordered themselves into lanes as expected, while past work has shown that crash and other problems are more common where more routes intersect (交叉). Public spaces can be designed to help prevent such disasters. The takeaway: When people are traveling two ways, trust the wisdom of crowds. When there’s a three-way or four-way intersection, watch out.
12. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The benefits of attempting to direct the crowd.
B. The different behaviour habits of human beings.
C. The automatic formation of a pattern in a crowd.
D. The possible cause of mess in the school hallway.
13. What do we know about Rogers and Bacik’s research
A. It lacks a clear conclusion. B. It is aimed at detecting viruses.
C. It is completed by observation. D. It is based on previous research.
14. What can we learn from the two processes
A. Diffusion causes increase of crowd density.
B. Lanes may not be erased when wide enough.
C. Following others occurs in opposite directions.
D. Moving on the right contributes to lane formation.
15. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The model’s predictions failed to be proven by the real situation.
B. The natural flow of crowds can speed up if directed intentionally.
C. The width of lanes in a crowded space is determined by diffusion.
D. Public spaces with multiple intersecting routes are more dangerous.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tim Rogers和Karol Bacik在大流行期间在期刊上发表的关于人群的研究结果。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The school hallway between classes may seem disordered. But there’s likely more order in the crowd than you think. In a heavy crowd with people going in opposite directions, there’s often a pattern.(课间的学校走廊可能看起来很乱。但人群中可能比你想象的更有秩序。在拥挤的人群中，人们朝相反的方向走，通常会有一个模式。)”可知，第一段主要是关于在人群中自动形成一种模式。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Decades ago, Dirk Helbing, a physicist in Switzerland, created a mathematical model that describes the direction a walker plans to go. Rogers and Bacik added factors related to crowd patterns to Helbing’s software. The resulting model describes lane formation as a result of two processes.(几十年前，瑞士物理学家德克·赫尔宾(Dirk Helbing)创建了一个数学模型，描述了步行者计划走的方向。Rogers和Bacik在Helbing的软件中加入了与人群模式有关的因素。所得模型将车道的形成描述为两个过程的结果。)”可推知，Rogers和Bacik的研究是基于以前的研究。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a crowd, the end result is lanes about two people wide—just big enough to resist diffusion.(在人群中，最终的结果是车道约两个人宽——刚好大到足以抵抗扩散。)”可推知，当车道足够宽时，可能不会被清除。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“People consistently ordered themselves into lanes as expected, while past work has shown that crash and other problems are more common where more routes intersect.(人们总是按照预期驶入车道，而过去的研究表明，在更多路线相交的地方，撞车和其他问题更常见。)”可推知，有多条交叉路线的公共空间更加危险。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’ve ever been in a cheerful mood, then met up with a bad-tempered friend, you’ll know how infectious emotions can be. Before you know it, you realize that you’re feeling down too.____16____. When you’ve been sad, perhaps your friend’s liveliness has helped to lighten your mood.
You might wonder who wins out—if you’re feeling happy and your friend is feeling sad, do you yield to their sadness or do they catch your happiness Part of the answer is likely depending on their and your levels of expressiveness and receptiveness. ____17____. If you smile a lot when you’re happy, you’re more likely to infect your friend. Likewise, if your friend is impressionable and more prone (有做...倾向的) to copying facial expressions, then they’ll be more likely to catch your smiles and start feeling happier.
____18____. For instance, there’s evidence that fear has a smell, and that smelling the sweat of an anxious person can initiate activity in parts of the brain involved in empathy (共情) and processing emotions. In fact, there doesn’t need to be any physical contact at all. Researchers have shown that emotions can spread through social media. ____19____.
If and when you encounter an opposite emotion to your own, the experience will likely vary depending on how invested you are in that other person or people. ____20____. And if you’re feeling sad and a bunch of strangers surrounding you were laughing their heads off, you’re likely to find it really annoying.
A. Happily it can work the other way around too.
B. This is especially true when we’re interacting with someone we care about.
C. Everyone varies in how emotionally expressive and impressionable they are.
D. That isn’t to say that facial expressions are the only way for emotions to spread.
E. These processes have to do with effective communication and mutual understanding.
F. If you care about them, you’ll be more motivated to shift emotionally to match their state.
G. People exposed to more negative posts are more likely to post something negative themselves.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了朋友之间的情绪是互相影响的，比如如果你曾经心情愉快，然后遇到了一个脾气不好的朋友，你就会情绪低落，当你难过的时候，也许你朋友的活泼有助于缓解你的情绪。
【16题详解】
上文“If you’ve ever been in a cheerful mood, then met up with a bad-tempered friend, you’ll know how infectious emotions can be. Before you know it, you realize that you’re feeling down too.(如果你曾经心情愉快，然后遇到一个脾气不好的朋友，你就会知道情绪是多么具有感染力。不知不觉，你意识到自己也情绪低落)”以及空后“When you’ve been sad, perhaps your friend’s liveliness has helped to lighten your mood.(当你难过的时候，也许你朋友的活力有助于缓解你的情绪)”说明朋友的情绪会影响我们。空处承上启下，前文表明朋友的坏情绪会让你情绪低落，下文说明当你情绪低落时，朋友的活力也会缓解你的情绪，前后文是转折关系，A项“幸运的是，它也可以反过来工作。”符合语境，表明情绪的影响是可以互相作用的。故选A。
【17题详解】
上文“You might wonder who wins out—if you’re feeling happy and your friend is feeling sad, do you yield to their sadness or do they catch your happiness Part of the answer is likely depending on their and your levels of expressiveness and receptiveness.(你可能会想，如果你感到快乐，而你的朋友感到悲伤，是你屈服于他们的悲伤，还是他们抓住了你的快乐 部分答案可能取决于他们和你的表达能力和接受能力)”说明个人受朋友的情绪影响取决于人们的表达能力和接受能力。空处顺接前文，回答第一句提出的问题。C项中的“emotionally expressive and impressionable they are”和上文中的“their and your levels of expressiveness and receptiveness”相呼应，表明每个人的情绪表达能力和易受影响程度各不相同。故选C。
【18题详解】
上文“Likewise, if your friend is impressionable and more prone(有做...倾向的) to copying facial expressions, then they’ll be more likely to catch your smiles and start feeling happier.(同样，如果你的朋友易受影响，更容易模仿面部表情，那么他们更有可能捕捉到你的笑容，开始感到更快乐)”说明如果朋友更容易模仿面部表情，那么他们更容易受到你快乐的影响，说明面部表情是传播情绪的途径。D项中的“facial expressions”和上文中的“facial expressions”相呼应，“the only way for emotions to spread ”和下文中“spread through social media”相呼应，表明面部表情并不是情绪传播的唯一途径，下文举例“ For instance, there’s evidence that fear has a smell, and that smelling the sweat of an anxious person can initiate activity in parts of the brain involved in empathy (共情) and processing emotions.(例如，有证据表明恐惧有气味，闻到一个焦虑的人的汗味可以启动大脑中涉及移情和处理情绪的部分的活动。)”说明其它的情绪传播途径。故选D。
【19题详解】
上文“Researchers have shown that emotions can spread through social media.(研究人员表明，情绪可以通过社交媒体传播)”说明情绪可以通过社交媒体传播。G项中的“posts”是属于社交媒体的一种，所以G项“接触到更多负面帖子的人更有可能自己发布负面消息。”符合语境，举例证明上面提到的观点。故选G。
【20题详解】
上文“If and when you encounter an opposite emotion to your own, the experience will likely vary depending on how invested you are in that other person or people. (如果你遇到与自己相反的情绪，这种经历可能会因你对他人的付出程度而异)”说明付出的程度对影响他人的情绪有很大的作用。F项中的“如果你关心他们，你会更有动力在情感上转变，以适应他们的状态。”符合语境。该项中的“If you care about them”和前文中的“depending on how invested you are in that other person or people”相呼应。和下文并列例证解释前面提到的观点。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yoriko, a sheepshead fish (kobudai in Japanese), first met Arakawa nearly 30 years ago. Arakawa started ____21____ at the age of 18. Now 79, he still loves his stays in the deep water. His ____22____ friendship with Yoriko is certainly one of the highlights.
“I’d say we ____23____ each other,” Arakawa said in an interview, “not that we talk to each other… I kissed her once. I’m the only person she’ll let ____24____ it.” Over time, the fish with an almost ____25____ face—“When looking close, you’ll think she looks like someone you ____26____,” Arakawa jokes—and her human companion became underwater best friends forever.
On one dive when Arakawa was visiting, he noticed Yoriko’s ____27____ had been badly injured. Even so, she came to greet him. Realizing she’d be ____28____ to catch her own food, Arakawa hand-fed Yoriko meat from crabs(蟹) he hammered open for her. ____29____, Yoriko bounced back from her injuries quickly. After her _____30_____, the connection between the pair seemed to grow even stronger.
“I’m not sure if it’s the _____31_____ of the kobudai or not. It’s probably because there is a sense of _____32_____ between us. I guess she knows that I _____33_____ her. So for me to be able to do that, I am _____34_____,” Arakawa said. “I have an amazing sense of achievement.”
It sure sounds like this is one human who’s been truly caught in a net of _____35_____—and we’ll bet Yoriko has no plans to toss(扔) him back, either.
21. A. fishing B. training C. diving D. swimming
22 A. fast-developing B. longstanding C. open D. regular
23. A. understand B. miss C. please D. support
24. A. enjoy B. do C. make D. change
25. A. human-looking B. good-looking C. strange-looking D. natural-looking
26. A. admire B. fear C. perceive D. know
27. A. mouth B. back C. tail D. head
28. A. eager B. happy C. unwilling D. unable
29. A. Initially B. Thankfully C. Unexpectedly D. Basically
30. A. return B. recovery C. growth D. arrival
31. A. preference B. gift C. nature D. habit
32. A. trust B. security C. responsibility D. fun
33. A. cheated B. caught C. freed D. saved
34. A. unashamed B. grateful C. proud D. regretful
35. A. peace B. hope C. love D. joy
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个人与一只章鱼（在日本被称为kobudai）之间的深厚友情和相互信任的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：荒川18岁开始潜水。A. fishing钓鱼；B. training训练；C. diving潜水；D. swimming游泳。根据下文“Now 79, he still loves his stays in the deep water(现年79岁的他仍然喜欢呆在深水中)”再结合分析选项，可知C项“diving潜水”符合句意，故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他与Yoriko的长期友谊无疑是亮点之一。A. fast-developing快速发展的；B. longstanding长期的；C. open开放的；D. regular规则的。根据上文“Yoriko, a sheepshead fish (kobudai in Japanese), first met Arakawa nearly 30 years ago (Yoriko是一种羊头鱼（日语中的kobudai），大约30年前第一次见到荒川)”可知他与Yoriko的友谊长达30年，是一段长期的友谊，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：荒川在一次采访中说：“我想说我们互相理解，并不是说我们互相交谈……我吻过她一次。A. understand理解；B. miss思念；C. please使高兴；D. support支持。根据下文“not that we talk to each other… I kissed her once(并不是说我们互相交谈……我吻过她一次)”以及“I’m the only person she’ll let(我是她唯一会让我……的人)”可推理出两者互相理解对方，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是她唯一会让我这么做的人。A. enjoy享受；B. do做；C. make制作；D. change改变。根据上文“I kissed her once(我吻过她一次)”可知空白处指的是上文动词kissed(亲吻)，应使用助动词do代替，故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这只长得几乎像人脸的鱼——荒川开玩笑说：“仔细看的话，你会认为她看起来像你认识的某个人” ——和她的主人成为了永远的水下好朋友。A. human-looking像人的；B. good-looking好看的；C. strange-looking看上去奇怪的；D. natural-looking长相一般的。根据下文“When looking close, you’ll think she looks like someone(仔细看的话，你会认为她看起来像某个人)” 可知此处说的是这条鱼像人，故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. admire钦佩；B. fear害怕；担心；C. perceive察觉；D. know知道。根据上文“I’m the only person she’ll let do it.(我是她唯一会让我这么做的人)”以及“When looking close, you’ll think she looks like someone(仔细看的话，你会认为她看起来像某个人)”可推理出两者之间很熟悉，结合分析选项，D项“know知道”表达的含义符合语境，构成的含义为“你会认为她看起来像你认识的某个人”，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在荒川来访的一次潜水中，他注意到Yoriko的嘴受了重伤。A. mouth嘴；B. back背部；C. tail尾巴；D. head头。根据下文“Arakawa hand-fed Yoriko meat from crabs(蟹) he hammered open for her(荒川亲手喂Yoriko吃肉，这些肉来自于他砸开的螃蟹。)”可知荒川亲手喂Yoriko吃肉，可推理出Yoriko的嘴受伤了，故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：荒川意识到她自己抓不到食物了，就用他为她敲开的螃蟹亲手喂了Yoriko肉。A. eager热切的；B. happy幸福的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. unable不能……的。根据上文“he noticed Yoriko’s mouth had been badly injured(他注意到Yoriko的嘴受了重伤)”可推理出此处说的是她自己不能够抓到食物了，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，Yoriko很快就从伤病中恢复了过来。A. Initially最初；B. Thankfully幸亏；C. Unexpectedly意外地；D. Basically基本上。根据下文“Yoriko bounced back from her injuries quickly(Yoriko很快就从伤病中恢复了过来)”可知Yoriko很快就从伤病中恢复了过来，这是一件令荒川感到高兴的事，故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她康复后，两人之间的联系似乎变得更加紧密。A. return返回；B. recovery恢复；C. growth成长；D. arrival到达。根据上文“Yoriko bounced back from her injuries quickly(Yoriko很快就从伤病中恢复了过来)”可知此处说的是Yoriko从伤病中恢复，故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不确定这是否是kobudai的天性。A. preference偏爱；B. gift礼物；C. nature自然，天性；D. habit习惯。根据上文“the connection between the pair seemed to grow even stronger(两者之间的联系似乎变得更加紧密)”，可知Yoriko和荒川之间建立了紧密的联系，荒川认为Yoriko能与人类友好相处可能是一种天性，可推理出空白处应填表示“天性”含义的名词，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能是因为我们之间有一种信任感。A. trust信任；B. security保护措施；C. responsibility责任；D. fun乐趣。根据上文“I’m the only person she’ll let do it.(我是她唯一会让我这么做的人)”以及“the connection between the pair seemed to grow even stronger(两者之间的联系似乎变得更加紧密)”可推理出两者之间有信任感，故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想她知道我救了她。A. cheated欺骗；B. caught抓住；C. freed免除；D. saved拯救。根据上文“Arakawa hand-fed Yoriko meat from crabs(蟹) he hammered open for her(荒川亲手喂Yoriko吃肉，这些肉来自于他砸开的螃蟹。)”以及“Yoriko bounced back from her injuries quickly(Yoriko很快就从伤病中恢复了过来)”可知荒川在Yoriko的嘴严重受伤的情况下照料Yoriko，使之很快恢复，可知空白处应填表示“拯救”含义的表达，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以我能做到这一点，我感到骄傲。我有一种惊人的成就感。A. unashamed不害羞的；B. grateful感激的；C. proud骄傲的；D. regretful后悔的。根据下文“I have an amazing sense of achievement(我有一种惊人的成就感)”可推理出作者感到很自豪，故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来确实像是一个真正陷入爱网的人——我们敢打赌，Yoriko也没有把他抛弃计划。A. peace和平；B. hope希望；C. love爱；D. joy高兴。根据下文“we’ll bet Yoriko has no plans to toss(扔) him back, either.(我们敢打赌，Yoriko也没有把他抛弃计划)”可知此处说的是两者之间有感情，就像陷入爱之网一样，故选C项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cold temperatures, biting wind, heavy snow and slippery roads are the common challenges that trouble or even interrupt winter commutes (通勤). However, for students and teachers at a college in Northeast China, ____36____ have been severely affected by the recent cold wave and snowstorm, their commute has been made easy, warm and safe thanks to the newly ____37____ (build) skywalks on campus.
In clear contrast to other colleges in Northeast China, students at Harbin Institute of Technology have experienced an ____38____ (entire) different scene. They comfortably move between classrooms, libraries, cafeterias, dormitories, and the gym in short sleeves (袖子) through the skywalks, all within ____39____ five-minute walk. Some students have even been spotted ____40____ (enjoy) ice cream while admiring the snowy scenery along the pathways. Praise and ____41____ (admire) have poured in for the usefulness of the sky bridges and the thoughtfulness of the college.
The university ____42____ (launch) the construction of the sky bridges on campus in 2022, aiming to effectively alleviate the impact of extreme weather on campus life ____43____ increase convenience for both teachers and students. With a total length of 1,330.13 meters, the sky bridges are built in three stages. On Nov 7, the second stage of the walkway system was fully operational and open ____44____ trial use. Currently, 881.81 meters of skywalks are _____45_____ (access).
【答案】36. who
37. built 38. entirely
39. a 40. enjoying
41. admiration
42. launched
43. and 44. for
45. accessible
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了哈尔滨工业大学的学生们在学校新建的天桥的保护下安全、舒适地在校园内穿梭。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，对于最近受到寒流和暴风雪严重影响的东北一所大学的学生和老师来说，多亏了校园里新建的天桥，他们的通勤变得轻松、温暖和安全了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词students and teachers，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词has been made，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词skywalks，build和skywalks为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填built。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：与东北其他高校形成鲜明对比的是，哈尔滨工业大学的学生们经历了一个完全不同的场景。修饰形容词different，需用副词entirely，作状语。故填entirely。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们穿着短袖穿梭于教室、图书馆、自助餐厅、宿舍和健身房之间，步行不到五分钟。walk为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且five-minute发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些学生甚至被发现一边欣赏小路上的雪景，一边享用冰淇淋。spot sb. doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“发现某人正在做某事”，空处需填现在分词enjoying，作宾语补足语。故填enjoying。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：人们纷纷对天桥的实用性和学院的周到表示赞赏和钦佩。空处和praise并列，需填名词admiration，作主语。故填admiration。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：该大学于2022年启动了校园天桥的建设，旨在有效缓解极端天气对校园生活的影响，增加师生的便利。根据时间状语“in 2022”可知，此处为一般过去时。故填launched。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意同上。alleviate和increase为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：11月7日，该步道系统的第二阶段全面运行并开放试用。表示“为了”应用介词for。故填for。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：目前，881.81米的空中步道可供使用。空处位于系动词are后面，需填形容词accessible，作表语。故填accessible。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华， 即将结束在新加坡姊妹学校为期三个月的交换生交流活动。请你拟一份发言稿，在活动的总结会上发言。内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 回顾与分享；
3. 临别祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear friends, good afternoon. I am Li Hua.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
Dear friends, good afternoon. I am Li Hua. I would like to express sincere gratitude to my school for giving me this valuable opportunity. I also want to extend my thanks to the students and faculty here for your warm hospitality and friendly assistance during my stay.
During these three months, I have expanded my knowledge and improved my skills in independent learning and cross-cultural communication. At the same time, I actively shared traditional Chinese culture with my Singaporean friends, which strengthened our mutual understanding and friendship.
I hope that we can stay connected, encourage each other, and continue to make progress together. Thank you.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生拟一份发言稿，在新加坡姊妹学校为期三个月的交换生交流活动的总结会上发言。其内容包括：表示感谢、回顾与分享和临别祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→chance
感激：thanks→appreciation
帮助：assistance→aid
增进、加强：strengthen→enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I would like to express sincere gratitude to my school for giving me this valuable opportunity.
拓展句： I would like to express sincere gratitude to my school, which gives me this valuable opportunity.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 At the same time, I actively shared traditional Chinese culture with my Singaporean friends, which strengthened our mutual understanding and friendship.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】 I hope that we can stay connected, encourage each other, and continue to make progress together. （ 运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Chasing a Dream
I will never forget that November day. It was hotter than normal — too hot. My throat felt like a field of cotton, cracked with the summer heat, as I waited for the gun to fire. This was the day we had waited so long for. I looked out at the crowd; dozens of familiar faces flashed across my view. They had come for me. They were counting on me. I saw my dad set his watch, with worry and excitement on his face. Adrenaline (肾上腺素) pumped through my body, and the race began.
For the first two and a half miles, I felt great. I had never before been so ready for something. The weeks leading up to the race were filled with strictly controlled practices and a strict diet. My friends hadn’t seen me in weeks, but they understood the sacrifice required to make my dream a reality.
My dad and I had been working towards this race for three years. It was everything to me, and it was everything to my dad. He was a runner and was excited by my success in running. He made it to every race, even flying home early from business trips to see me run. I always listened for his voice — telling me to relax my arms, calling out my time. He pushed me. He cheered for me. He believed in me. We spent countless hours on the sandy canals. Breathing in the dust of the desert, the blossoms (花簇) of the orange trees, we made our way across the city. We pounded miles and miles into our running shoes, marking with every step the path to greatness.
But without warning, when I was 200 yards away from the finish line, my legs stopped working. My lungs fought to take in enough air, and my feet transformed into cement (水泥) bricks. I still don’t know what happened in those last few moments. Nothing I could do would make them hold my weight. They were as weak as jelly.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Even though I knew my dreams of victory were destroyed, I had to finish the race.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“I’m so sorry I disappointed you,” I whispered to Dad.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
Even though I knew my dreams of victory were destroyed, I had to finish the race. With all of the strength left in me, I got on my hands and knees and crawled without stop for a moment. Voices, both foreign and familiar, cheered me on. They gave me the courage to keep going until the very end. Although my friends rushed to me, helping me get back on my feet and in the meantime continuously offering comforting words of encouragement, there was only one person I wanted to talk to at that moment — my dear dad. My eyes searched the crowd for him. However, fear pulsed through all my veins as he pushed his way to my side. No sooner had he got close to me than tears spilled all over my cheeks.
“I’m so sorry I disappointed you,” I whispered to Dad. He reached out and gently wiped away my tears, his voice filled with love and understanding. “My dear child, you could never disappoint me. Sometimes these things just happen. All that matters is that you did your best. Don’t you know that you are my dream come true ” His words brought a sense of comfort, and I realized that my dad’s support and love were unwavering, regardless of the outcome. I had thought my dad was running after a prize. What I realized, though, was that he was running after me. To him, I was the greatest prize he had ever won. It wasn’t long before I put on my running shoes again to mark a new path for my journey.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和父亲很期待自己能在高中最后一年的越野赛跑上获得好成绩，不料在比赛过程中，作者突然体力耗尽，虽然作者最后尽力越过终点，但是却没获得好成绩，作者觉得让父亲和大家失望了，父亲却说只要尽力了，不会失望。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“尽管我知道我的胜利梦想破灭了，但我必须完成比赛。”以及第二段首句内容“‘对不起，让你失望了。’我低声对爸爸说。”可知，第一段可描写虽然不可能胜利，作者还是拼尽全力完成了比赛，及到达终点后大家的行动和作者找寻爸爸的行为。
②由第二段首句内容“‘对不起，让你失望了。’我低声对爸爸说。”可知，第二段可描写爸爸给作者的鼓励和作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：作者期待已久比赛开始了——作者和自己的父亲已经为了这场比赛努力了三年——比赛一开始，作者感觉良好——作者不断努力，即将实现自己的梦想——在距离终点200码的时候，作者突然失去了所有的力量——作者明白自己胜利无望，但还是拼尽全力完成了比赛——作者觉得自己让父亲失望了，非常难过——可是，父亲却给了作者鼓励，作者决定继续努力
3.词汇激活
行为类
①想要做某事：want to do sth./would like to do sth.
②提供：offer/provide
③意识到：realize that/be aware that
情绪类
①害怕：fear/fright
②安慰：comfort/consolation
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although my friends rushed to me, helping me get back on my feet and in the meantime continuously offering comforting words of encouragement, there was only one person I wanted to talk to at that moment — my dear dad. (运用了although引导的状语从句和省略关系代词的定语从句)
【高分句型2】However, fear pulsed through all my veins as he pushed his way to my side. (运用了as引导的状语从句)2022级高二·十二月·五校联考
英语科试题
(满分120分。考试时间120分钟。)
注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。并用2B铅笔将对应的信息点涂黑，不按要求填涂的，答卷无效。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，只需将答题卡交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
To live more sustainably (可持续地) and protect our planet for now and the future, we need to inspire everyone to reuse, reduce, and recycle. Luckily, human brains are incredibly creative, which is why, alongside the LEGO Group, we’re asking you to design a brilliant invention that gives old objects a new purpose. You could do it at home or ask your teacher if your class could get involved.
The LEGO Build the Change programme encourages young people to come up with creative solutions to real-world challenges and inspire politicians, scientists and engineers to make real changes. The builders of tomorrow are encouraged to come up with fun and clever ways to protect our environment.
THE CHALLENGE
Design an invention that repurposes old objects. Draw your invention on a sheet of A4 paper and give it a name. Try to make it as clear as possible what your invention is for and how it works. The judges are looking for creative and bright ideas with a great name and a clear explanation of what it does. How to Enter Ask an adult to take a photo of your drawing and upload it to co.uk/legocomp. Please only send in one entry per person. We look forward to seeing your design.
WIN GREAT PRIZES
All of the entries will be looked at by our panel of judges (裁判组), who will choose three winners — one overall winner and two runners-up. The winners will receive... ◆The first place winner: A complete LEGO Build the Change Classroom Kit for your school plus the LEGO Classic Build Together set. ◆ 2 runners-up: A LEGO Classic Lots of Bricks set each.
So, grab a pen, a pencil, your LEGO bricks or other creative craft materials and design your cutting-edge invention. Whether it is playful or serious, we’d like to see a picture or a model, with an explanation of how it works and how it could change the world.
1. What is the purpose of the LEGO Build the Change programme
A. To encourage recycling and reusing. B. To provide LEGO sets for schools.
C. To teach youths about the real world. D. To invent new popular LEGO sets.
2. What will the overall winner of the Build the Change contest receive
A. A picture of their invention. B. Certificate of participation.
C. LEGO Classic Lots of Bricks set. D. Classroom Kit & Build Together set.
3. What is the primary requirement for participating in the contest
A. Sending multiple entries at a time. B. Using only LEGO bricks to design.
C. Asking a teacher to submit an entry. D. Designing inventions on certain paper.
B
Pushpa hates tears but when she tells of incidents from her childhood, which she spent battling poverty, she can’t help feeling overwhelmed. “We used to be able to afford only one meal every day,” she says. But as challenging as those early years were, they would lead to her remarkable life as a scribe (抄写员) for people with special needs.
Pushpa remembers enjoying a blessedly normal childhood, peppered with “toys, dinners out and movies at the theatre”, until around grade 4. But life as she knew it disappeared when an accident left her father disabled.
“My mother, who wasn’t well-educated, had to work for 500 per month.” But what hit her hardest was her struggle to continue her education. The memory of her grade 7 teacher refusing to allow her to attend classes over unpaid school fees still hurts.
One day in 2007, while travelling with two visually impaired (有缺陷的) college students by bus, she heard them talk about how difficult it was for them to continue their education. “I remembered my own struggle to finish my studies so I seized the opportunity to help them.”
“I was a little nervous at first because I had passed my grade 10 examination only with a third class,” she smiles. “Since then, I’ve written exams for students who have low IQ, or are blind or visually impaired, or have met with an accident.”
It is, by no means, an easy task. “I read out the questions slowly and, sometimes, several times, and wait for the student to tell me the answer. I have seen scribes getting irritated (愤怒的) at students and that should not happen.” she explains.
Over the last 16 years, the young girl who once survived on handouts has come a long way. Connecting with examinees by word of mouth, till date, Pushpa has written 1,086 exams for special-needs test-takers and won the Nari Shakti Puraskar in 2018 for her efforts. “You should be prepared to help the student for those few hours, without expecting anything in return.” Pushpa adds.
4. What do we know about Pushpa according to Paragraph 1
A. Her ambition to serve people. B. Her early fight against poverty.
C Her inability to control emotions. D. Her gratitude to the past hardships.
5. What was the probable reason for Pushpa to start her work as a scribe
A. She was sympathetic for others. B. She expected to shoot to fame.
C. She was professional in the job. D. She was eager for much money.
6. What quality should a scribe have in Pushpa’s eyes
A. Intelligence. B. Respect. C. Patience. D. Cooperation.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A A Helping Hand B. A Hardship-filled Life
C. An Old-fashioned Job D. A Devoted Prize Winner
C
Researchers believe they have accurately estimated Antarctica’s Weddell seal population for the first time—using images from space and the eyes of citizen scientists.
Previous estimates of their population were “more back-of-the-envelope type calculations”, said Dr. Michelle LaRue, a professor of New Zealand’s University of Canterbury. “The previous research was done by traditional surveyors, but you can’t physically get to the entire Antarctic continent all at one time,” she said.
The results were “inaccurate”, so in 2016 LaRue created the first estimate of the seals’ baseline population, using satellite imagery and the keen eyes of 330,000 curious volunteers. “We combined the imagery with a web platform to conduct a citizen science campaign to find out where seals are present, their abundance, and the environmental factors that influence their habitat preferences,” LaRue said.
They discovered that, at the time the satellite images were taken in 2021, the global population was actually just 40% of the 800,000 animals previously estimated. The study, published in late 2021, estimated that there were about 202,000 sub-adult and adult female Weddell seals in Antarctica. Male seals were generally not captured in the satellite images because they were typically under the ice, guarding their territories, LaRue added.
The study also found that Weddell seals lived on about 1% of the ice and were picky about where they settled. The project relied heavily on volunteers to search the satellite images for signs of seals. Participants were given images of an area in Antarctica to scour and asked to tick a box saying if they believed they could see a seal or not. The more people to click yes, the more efficient the narrowing down of habitats became.
“The method is now being employed by other scientists to help determine the population of walrus(海象) in the Arctic,” LaRue said, “Looking at broader ecosystems and the relationships between animals and their environment was important in the long run, but to do that, it was helpful to have population guides for single species.” Once scientists have that information, they “can start adding it all together and putting together the puzzle a little bit better”.
8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A Limitation of previous studies. B. Significance of previous estimates.
C. Inspiration for LaRue’s research. D. Difficulty in exploring the Antarctica.
9. What does the underlined word “scour” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Record. B. Appreciate.
C. Examine. D. Post.
10. Walrus are mentioned in Paragraph 6 to present _________.
A. a suggestion for follow-up studies. B. supporting evidence for the research results.
C. an application of the research method. D. further explanations of the research methods.
11 What is the purpose of the text
A. To call for more research on counting seals.
B. To introduce a breakthrough in seal research.
C. To appeal to people to protect Weddell seals.
D. To discuss the involvement of citizen scientists.
D
The school hallway between classes may seem disordered. But there’s likely more order in the crowd than you think. In a heavy crowd with people going in opposite directions, there’s often a pattern. People tend to sort themselves into lanes (队伍) that run parallel to each other. If a space is wide enough, two groups of people passing each other head-on will form multiple lanes. Each lane will be about the width of two people. If two groups cross paths at right angles, they still form lanes. But these lanes behave differently. Each person stays in their lane, but the lane shifts to the side as the groups cross. Attempts to direct the crowd may not help, and it will mess up this natural flow. This slows everybody down.
Tim Rogers and Karol Bacik reported these results in a journal. They began working on crowds during the pandemic. They were working to design spaces where people could stay socially distanced to prevent viral spread. Decades ago, Dirk Helbing, a physicist in Switzerland, created a mathematical model that describes the direction a walker plans to go. Rogers and Bacik added factors related to crowd patterns to Helbing’s software. The resulting model describes lane formation as a result of two processes.
The first process is drift. As soon as a line of people starts to form headed one way, others going the same way are drawn to it. This encourages lane formation. The second one is diffusion (扩散) which causes people to spread out from a crowded space. In a crowd, the end result is lanes about two people wide—just big enough to resist diffusion.
The model’s predictions stood the test of a real crowd. The researchers filmed a group of 70 people walking through an open space. People consistently ordered themselves into lanes as expected, while past work has shown that crash and other problems are more common where more routes intersect (交叉). Public spaces can be designed to help prevent such disasters. The takeaway: When people are traveling two ways, trust the wisdom of crowds. When there’s a three-way or four-way intersection, watch out.
12. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The benefits of attempting to direct the crowd.
B. The different behaviour habits of human beings.
C. The automatic formation of a pattern in a crowd.
D. The possible cause of mess in the school hallway.
13. What do we know about Rogers and Bacik’s research
A. It lacks a clear conclusion. B. It is aimed at detecting viruses.
C. It is completed by observation. D. It is based on previous research.
14. What can we learn from the two processes
A. Diffusion causes increase of crowd density.
B. Lanes may not be erased when wide enough.
C. Following others occurs in opposite directions.
D. Moving on the right contributes to lane formation.
15. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The model’s predictions failed to be proven by the real situation.
B. The natural flow of crowds can speed up if directed intentionally.
C. The width of lanes in a crowded space is determined by diffusion.
D. Public spaces with multiple intersecting routes are more dangerous.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’ve ever been in a cheerful mood, then met up with a bad-tempered friend, you’ll know how infectious emotions can be. Before you know it, you realize that you’re feeling down too.____16____. When you’ve been sad, perhaps your friend’s liveliness has helped to lighten your mood.
You might wonder who wins out—if you’re feeling happy and your friend is feeling sad, do you yield to their sadness or do they catch your happiness Part of the answer is likely depending on their and your levels of expressiveness and receptiveness. ____17____. If you smile a lot when you’re happy, you’re more likely to infect your friend. Likewise, if your friend is impressionable and more prone (有做...倾向的) to copying facial expressions, then they’ll be more likely to catch your smiles and start feeling happier.
____18____. For instance, there’s evidence that fear has a smell, and that smelling the sweat of an anxious person can initiate activity in parts of the brain involved in empathy (共情) and processing emotions. In fact, there doesn’t need to be any physical contact at all. Researchers have shown that emotions can spread through social media. ____19____.
If and when you encounter an opposite emotion to your own, the experience will likely vary depending on how invested you are in that other person or people. ____20____. And if you’re feeling sad and a bunch of strangers surrounding you were laughing their heads off, you’re likely to find it really annoying.
A. Happily, it can work the other way around too.
B. This is especially true when we’re interacting with someone we care about.
C. Everyone varies in how emotionally expressive and impressionable they are.
D. That isn’t to say that facial expressions are the only way for emotions to spread.
E. These processes have to do with effective communication and mutual understanding.
F. If you care about them, you’ll be more motivated to shift emotionally to match their state.
G. People exposed to more negative posts are more likely to post something negative themselves.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yoriko, a sheepshead fish (kobudai in Japanese), first met Arakawa nearly 30 years ago. Arakawa started ____21____ at the age of 18. Now 79, he still loves his stays in the deep water. His ____22____ friendship with Yoriko is certainly one of the highlights.
“I’d say we ____23____ each other,” Arakawa said in an interview, “not that we talk to each other… I kissed her once. I’m the only person she’ll let ____24____ it.” Over time, the fish with an almost ____25____ face—“When looking close, you’ll think she looks like someone you ____26____,” Arakawa jokes—and her human companion became underwater best friends forever.
On one dive when Arakawa was visiting, he noticed Yoriko’s ____27____ had been badly injured. Even so, she came to greet him. Realizing she’d be ____28____ to catch her own food, Arakawa hand-fed Yoriko meat from crabs(蟹) he hammered open for her. ____29____, Yoriko bounced back from her injuries quickly. After her _____30_____, the connection between the pair seemed to grow even stronger.
“I’m not sure if it’s the _____31_____ of the kobudai or not. It’s probably because there is a sense of _____32_____ between us. I guess she knows that I _____33_____ her. So for me to be able to do that, I am _____34_____,” Arakawa said. “I have an amazing sense of achievement.”
It sure sounds like this is one human who’s been truly caught in a net of _____35_____—and we’ll bet Yoriko has no plans to toss(扔) him back, either.
21. A. fishing B. training C. diving D. swimming
22 A. fast-developing B. longstanding C. open D. regular
23. A. understand B. miss C. please D. support
24. A. enjoy B. do C. make D. change
25. A. human-looking B. good-looking C. strange-looking D. natural-looking
26. A. admire B. fear C. perceive D. know
27. A. mouth B. back C. tail D. head
28. A. eager B. happy C. unwilling D. unable
29. A. Initially B. Thankfully C. Unexpectedly D. Basically
30. A. return B. recovery C. growth D. arrival
31. A. preference B. gift C. nature D. habit
32. A. trust B. security C. responsibility D. fun
33. A. cheated B. caught C. freed D. saved
34. A. unashamed B. grateful C. proud D. regretful
35. A. peace B. hope C. love D. joy
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cold temperatures, biting wind, heavy snow and slippery roads are the common challenges that trouble or even interrupt winter commutes (通勤). However, for students and teachers at a college in Northeast China, ____36____ have been severely affected by the recent cold wave and snowstorm, their commute has been made easy, warm and safe thanks to the newly ____37____ (build) skywalks on campus.
In clear contrast to other colleges in Northeast China, students at Harbin Institute of Technology have experienced an ____38____ (entire) different scene. They comfortably move between classrooms, libraries, cafeterias, dormitories, and the gym in short sleeves (袖子) through the skywalks, all within ____39____ five-minute walk. Some students have even been spotted ____40____ (enjoy) ice cream while admiring the snowy scenery along the pathways. Praise and ____41____ (admire) have poured in for the usefulness of the sky bridges and the thoughtfulness of the college.
The university ____42____ (launch) the construction of the sky bridges on campus in 2022, aiming to effectively alleviate the impact of extreme weather on campus life ____43____ increase convenience for both teachers and students. With a total length of 1,330.13 meters, the sky bridges are built in three stages. On Nov 7, the second stage of the walkway system was fully operational and open ____44____ trial use. Currently, 881.81 meters of skywalks are _____45_____ (access).
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华， 即将结束在新加坡姊妹学校为期三个月的交换生交流活动。请你拟一份发言稿，在活动的总结会上发言。内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 回顾与分享；
3. 临别祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear friends, good afternoon. I am Li Hua.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Chasing a Dream
I will never forget that November day. It was hotter than normal — too hot. My throat felt like a field of cotton, cracked with the summer heat, as I waited for the gun to fire. This was the day we had waited so long for. I looked out at the crowd; dozens of familiar faces flashed across my view. They had come for me. They were counting on me. I saw my dad set his watch, with worry and excitement on his face. Adrenaline (肾上腺素) pumped through my body, and the race began.
For the first two and a half miles, I felt great. I had never before been so ready for something. The weeks leading up to the race were filled with strictly controlled practices and a strict diet. My friends hadn’t seen me in weeks, but they understood the sacrifice required to make my dream a reality.
My dad and I had been working towards this race for three years. It was everything to me, and it was everything to my dad. He was a runner and was excited by my success in running. He made it to every race, even flying home early from business trips to see me run. I always listened for his voice — telling me to relax my arms, calling out my time. He pushed me. He cheered for me. He believed in me. We spent countless hours on the sandy canals. Breathing in the dust of the desert, the blossoms (花簇) of the orange trees, we made our way across the city. We pounded miles and miles into our running shoes, marking with every step the path to greatness.
But without warning, when I was 200 yards away from the finish line, my legs stopped working. My lungs fought to take in enough air, and my feet transformed into cement (水泥) bricks. I still don’t know what happened in those last few moments. Nothing I could do would make them hold my weight. They were as weak as jelly.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Even though I knew my dreams of victory were destroyed, I had to finish the race.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“I’m so sorry I disappointed you,” I whispered to Dad.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________