高中试卷答案网汉中市2024届高三年级教学质量第一次检测考试
英 语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
本试卷分第 Ⅰ 卷(选择题)和第 Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共 100 分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分 )
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分 7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman going to do next
A. Cook snow peas. B. Plant some onions. C. Water the flower bed.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: How is your garden doing, Mary
W: Oh, fine. I just watered the whole flower bed, and now I’ve got to get some potatoes and onions to plant. I will also be eating a lot of fresh tomatoes and snow peas by the fall.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Some beautiful places. B. Different languages. C. A charming girl.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Mom, I’ve never met a girl like Juliette before.
W: Mike, you say that every time.
M: No, it’s different this time. I mean Juliette is really classy. She was born in Paris. She was raised in London and New York. She writes poetry. She even speaks four different languages.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a store. B. In a factory. C. At home.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Can I help you
W: Yes. I bought a color TV set here yesterday, but when I turned it on at home, there was no sound.
M: Well, if there’s something wrong with electric equipment within three months, it’s the responsibility of a factory.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is to blame according to the man
A. Uncomfortable seats. B. The traffic noise. C. Miss Lee’s weak voice.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Miss Lee’s voice is so soft that I can hardly hear clearly what she is saying.
M: Don’t blame her. It’s the traffic outside. Next time it’s better to sit at the front.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man mean
A. He’ll clean the car today.
B. The car doesn’t need cleaning.
C. Mark should clean the car this time.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: The car hasn’t been cleaned for a few days.
M: No, it hasn’t.
W: It’s very dirty. Someone ought to clean it today.
M: It’s Mark’s turn.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题1.5分, 满分 22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What will the man do next
A. Call a taxi. B. Go to the airport. C. Have his car repaired.
7. What is the woman probably related to the man
A. His wife. B. His colleague. C. His neighbor.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey, David. It looks like you’ve got a problem.
M: I’m afraid so, Mrs. Streep. I’m in a big hurry to have a meeting, but I can’t start my car. My colleagues are waiting for me at the airport.
W: Is there anything I can do to help Call a taxi for you
M: No, thanks. But could you contact a garage near our neighborhood and help me get the car repaired
W: No problem. I’d be glad to help.
M: Thanks a lot. I will come back in two days.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To invite him to go jogging.
B. To recommend Foot Locker to him.
C. To ask him for some advice.
9. How much are the running shoes in Foot Locker
A. $50. B. $75. C. $100.
【答案】8. C 9. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Kyle, I am having a lot of trouble finding a good present for my father. Could you help give me some ideas
M: I will help as much as I can, Samantha. What were you thinking of getting him
W: He likes to go jogging. I was thinking that a new pair of running shoes would be a good gift.
M: That sounds like a good idea. How much money do you want to spend
W: I can spend up to one hundred dollars, but I’d prefer to spend no more than seventy-five.
M: You can go to Foot Locker. The running shoes there are on sale for fifty dollars.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Where did the man go last night
A. A cinema. B. A restaurant. C. A theme park.
11. What kind of clothing is forbidden
A. Jeans. B. T-shirts. C. Short skirts.
12. What discount did the man get last time
A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 70%.
【答案】10. B 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Do you know that new Italian restaurant I went there just last night.
W: Oh yes! Is that the one near the university
M: No, it’s on Park Street, next to the cinema.
W: Oh, I know that one. Was the food good
M: Well, some wasn’t good enough for me, but the pizza was excellent.
W: Are there any rules about dressing
M: There’s a notice saying “No Short Skirts”, but jeans and T-shirts are fine.
W: How about the price
M: Rather expensive, I think. But I paid half the price because it gives new customers a discount.
W: I can get a 20% discount if I take a friend next time.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the woman cooking now
A. Spaghetti. B. Pizza. C. Fried chicken.
14. How does the man feel about the food
A. Indifferent. B. Interested. C. Worried.
15. From whom did the woman get the recipe
A. A relative. B. A friend. C. A restaurant owner.
16. What did the woman plan to do tonight
A. Go shopping for food. B. Teach the man to cook. C. Entertain friends at home.
【答案】13. A 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, Heidi. Something smells good! What are you making for dinner tonight
W: Oh, hey, Vince. I am trying out a new recipe-spaghetti(意大利面) with homemade tomato sauce.
M: Wow, that sounds delicious. How do you make it
W: I got a bunch of tomatoes, olive oil, garlic, and salt. I cooked everything quickly in a little bit of water. Then, I let it cook slowly for over two hours.
M: Where did you find the recipe I am always interested in ideas for new meals. This one sounds amazing!
W: My cousin sent me the recipe. He is a chef at a nice restaurant. I am sure it will be great.
M: Can I try some of it when you’re finished cooking Spaghetti is one of my favorite foods.
W: Certainly. I was about to invite some of my other friends to come over for dinner, too. There should be plenty of food--pizzas, salads, fried chicken...Everything should be ready by six o’clock.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where should the rock climbers meet at midday
A. In the library. B. In the car park. C. At the main gate.
18. When will afternoon classes start
A. At 12:30. B. At 1:30. C. At 2:30.
19. What are NOT allowed during horse riding
A. Sports shoes. B. Strong shoes. C. Riding boots.
20. What activity will be arranged in the evening
A. A barbecue. B. A dance party. C. A cooking competition.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A
【解析】
【原文】 W: Please can we have some quiet Now this is the first day of the course. Please listen carefully and then you’l1 know what to do.
Those of you doing rock climbing put your hands up. Okay. You’d better go now because Sam is waiting for you. Off you go to the gym. That's past the swimming pool and the car park. Oh, just a minute. At midday, make sure you come back here, I mean, to the library. And your group leader will take you off to lunch which is served at 12:30. Don’t be late because the afternoon lessons start at 1:30 pm. Now the group doing horse riding. You have to wait at the main gate for lunch. Make sure you’re wearing either riding boots or strong shoes — not sports shoes. The bus will bring you back for lunch. And finally, those of you doing disco dancing. Your class will meet in the dancing club. That’s the building you can see through the trees on your right. Go straight in, through the music studio, past the practice rooms and up the stairs.
Oh, yes, one very important thing, food. If it’s fine, we shall eat outside and that means you have to collect your own picnic lunch from the dining room. Then in the evening we will have a barbecue and each group takes it in turn to cook for the whole camp.
第二部分 阅读理解(共20 小题，每小题2分，满分 40分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题2 分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Libraries are places to preserve cultural heritage, develop information resources and carry out social education. Let’s look at some of the most beautiful libraries in the world.
Vennesla Library and Culture House, Norway
The library is one of the most beautiful libraries in the world. Opened in 2011, this library is an important site for concerts, theatrical performances and film screenings. The design of the library is unique. The building is supported by 27 laminated (层压的) wood arches that hold the roof up.
Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Italy
The library is one of the largest and most important libraries in Italy. It preserves one of the most important collections of Greek, Latin and Asian manuscripts (手稿) in the entire world. Some of them are the most precious pieces. The library specializes in Venetian history and classic philology. Its collection of antique maps is also very significant.
Stacja Kultura Poland
Thanks to a recent restoration, a station that was once in ruins underwent an architectural change. The library might seem unremarkable from the outside, but the innovative project and its division into a train station, public library and cultural center have certainly made this building worth a visit.
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, United States
The library is the main source of literary archives (档案), ancient manuscripts and rare books at Yale University, and it’s visited by students and researchers from around the pleted in 1963, the library is home to the Bollingen Prize for Poetry which is awarded biennially, and the Windham-Campbell Prizes which are awarded annually for fiction, literary essays, poetry, and theater.
21. Which library will attract people interested in the stage
A. Vennesla Library and Culture House. B. Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana.
C. Stacja Kultura. D. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
22. Which aspect makes Stacja Kultura different from the other three libraries
A. Its architecture. B. Its collection. C. Its location. D. Its original owner.
23. What do the second library and the fourth library have in common
A. They have a long history. B. They are favored by movie lovers.
C. They hold some precious treasures. D. They are the most important libraries.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四座图书馆。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Opened in 2011, this library is an important site for concerts, theatrical performances and film screenings. (该图书馆于2011年开放，是举办音乐会、戏剧表演和电影放映的重要场所)”可知，Vennesla Library and Culture House是举办音乐会、戏剧表演和电影放映的重要场所，所以会吸引舞台爱好者。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The library might seem unremarkable from the outside, but the innovative project and its division into a train station, public library and cultural center have certainly made this building worth a visit. (从外面看，这座图书馆可能并不起眼，但这个创新项目及其作为火车站、公共图书馆和文化中心的划分无疑使这座建筑值得一游)”可知，Stacja Kultura位于至今仍在运营的火车站内，位置比较独特。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It preserves one of the most important collections of Greek, Latin and Asian manuscripts (手稿) in the entire world. (它保存了全世界最重要的希腊、拉丁和亚洲手稿收藏之一)”和第五段第一句“The library is the main source of literary archives (档案), ancient manuscripts and rare books at Yale University, and it’s visited by students and researchers from around the world. (该图书馆是耶鲁大学文学档案、古代手稿和珍本书籍的主要来源，世界各地的学生和研究人员都来这里参观)”可知，第二个图书馆和第四个图书馆的共同点是这两个图书馆拥有一些有价值的藏品——手稿。故选C。
B
When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G. Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions.
“I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any,” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said. Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come.
To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking. “It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college’s Bush Campus Center.”
“Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart,” Niedermyer said. “I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.”
To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her. And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors.
During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
“I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school,” Santaella said. “I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.”
24. Why did Santaella feel very stressed
A. Because a big hurricane was approaching.
B. Because she was left without power and water.
C. Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes.
D. Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane.
25. What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A. Exposed. B. Connected. C. Distributed. D. Contributed.
26. What can we learn from the text
A. Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently.
B. Niedermyer responded to Santaella’s ideas coldly.
C. Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone.
D. Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico.
27. Which can be the best title for the text
A. Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico
B. Student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown
C. College Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales
D. Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助家乡。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G. Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions. (当飓风在波多黎各造成破坏时，宾夕法尼亚理工学院的学生娜塔莎·G·桑塔拉感受到了各种痛苦的情绪)”和第二段中“Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come. (Santatella说，她的家乡没有电和水，那里的人们害怕即将发生的事情)”可知，Santaella得知飓风袭击自己的家乡，家人们损失惨重，不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧，因此她的内心非常着急。故选C项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段中“It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone (一开始只是烤面包，然后运到岛上，然后dispersed给人们，但我发现这对我来说非常昂贵)”可知，Santaella最初认为，只要把面包烘焙好，运送到岛屿上，然后分发给灾民就可以了，dispersed意为“分发（Distributed）”。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段“During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria. (在六个小时的销售中，Santaella和她的朋友们为United for Puerto Rico筹集了1000多美元，这是一项旨在为波多黎各受飓风Irma和飓风Maria影响的人提供援助和支持的举措)”可知，波多黎各人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响，可得出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。故选A项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡的故事，B项“学生运用技能帮助家乡”符合此意。故选B项。
C
What makes a word real Who has the power to make those kinds of official decisions about words Those are the questions many people have in mind. When most people say a word isn’t real, what they mean is that it doesn’t appear in a dictionary. That, of course, raises some other questions, including, who writes dictionaries
Now, dictionaries are good resources, but they are changeable. If you ask dictionary editors, what they’ll tell you is that they’re just trying to keep up with people as people change the language. They’re watching what people say and what people write and trying to figure out what’s going to stick and what’s not going to stick.
Every January, dictionary editors go to the American Dialect Society Meeting every year, where among other things, they decide on the word of the year. There are about 200 or 300 people who come. Some of them are the best known linguists in the United States. In the past, some of the winners have been “staycation” to describe a vacation spent at home and “tweet” to describe a post made on the social networking service Twitter.
So how does a word get into a dictionary It gets in because people use it and people keep using it, and dictionary editors are paying attention to people. If a community of speakers is using a word and knows what it means, it’s real. That word might be informal and that word might be a word that you think is illogical or unnecessary, but as long as people are using the word, it is real. I hope that what you can do is to find language change not annoying but fun and interesting, just the way dictionary editors do. I hope you can enjoy being part of the creativity that is continually remaking our language and keeping it alive.
28. Why do dictionaries change over time
A. Speakers keep changing language. B. Linguists often make up new words.
C. Dictionary editors change every year. D. Words in the dictionary are out of date.
29. Who has the right to decide the word of the year
A. New words inventors. B. American Officials.
C. Dictionary editors. D. Famous linguists.
30. What is the author’s attitude towards language changing
A. Worried. B. Positive. C. Uninterested. D. Confused
31. Where does this passage most probably come from
A. A science fiction. B. A history book. C. A news report. D. A popular magazine.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着人们的使用而变化，进而字典也会发生变化，并介绍了新词是如何进入字典的。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now, dictionaries are good resources, but they are changeable. If you ask dictionary editors, what they’ll tell you is that they’re just trying to keep up with people as people change the language. (现在，字典是很好的资源，但是它们是多变的。如果你问词典编辑，他们会告诉你，他们只是想跟上人们改变语言的步伐。)”可知，人们语言一直在发生变化，字典的变化为了跟上人们改变语言的步伐。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Every January, dictionary editors go to the American Dialect Society Meeting every year, where among other things, they decide on the word of the year. (每年一月，词典编辑们都会参加美国方言协会年会，在那里他们会决定年度词汇。)”可知，每年的一月，字典编纂者会去美国方言协会参加年度会议，他们会决定年度词汇。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I hope that what you can do is to find language change not annoying but fun and interesting, just the way dictionary editors do. I hope you can enjoy being part of the creativity that is continually remaking our language and keeping it alive.(我希望你能做的是发现语言的变化不是烦人的，而是有趣的，就像字典编辑一样。我希望你能享受成为创造力的一部分，不断地重塑我们的语言，让它保持活力。)”可知，作者希望人们能够意识到：语言变化不是令人烦恼的而是有趣的，能享受成为创造力的一部分，不断地重塑我们的语言，让它保持活力；由此可知，作者对于语言变化的态度是积极的。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“So how does a word get into a dictionary It gets in because people use it and people keep using it, and dictionary editors are paying attention to people. If a community of speakers is using a word and knows what it means, it’s real. That word might be informal and that word might be a word that you think is illogical or unnecessary, but as long as people are using the word, it is real. (那么一个单词是如何进入字典的呢 它之所以被收录，是因为人们在使用它，而且一直在使用它，词典编辑们也在关注人们。如果一群人在使用一个词，并且知道它的意思，那么这个词就是真实的。那个词可能是非正式的，那个词可能是一个你认为不合逻辑或不必要的词，但只要人们在使用这个词，它就是真实的。)”可知，本文主要阐述了语言会随着人们的使用而变化，进而字典也会发生变化，并介绍了新词是如何进入字典的；由此可知，本文最有可能来自面向大众的通俗杂志，向人们介绍有关词典的知识。故选D。
D
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity. This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.
“This is a very exciting technology,” says Liu Xiaomeng, graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst’s College of Engineering and the paper’s lead author. “It generates real green energy, and unlike other so-called ‘green-energy’ sources, its production is totally green.”
That’s because this biofilm-which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper-is produced naturally by an engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens (硫还原地杆菌). G. sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it’s dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.
The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin. Though we daily read stories about solar power, at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water. “This is a huge, undiscovered source of energy,” says Yao Jun, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the paper’s one senior author. Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.
32. What function is the biofilm expected to achieve
A. Updating wearable electronics. B. Acquiring power from evaporation.
C. Changing the way of getting electricity. D. Supplying energy to “microbial batteries”.
33. What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”
A. It’s thinner in thickness. B. It’s environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces the cost in usage. D. It employs a rare energy source.
34. How does the biofilm power small devices
A. By interacting with solar power. B. By gaining energy from electronic systems.
C. By using water to generate electricity. D. By producing continuous electricity from sweat.
35. Which of the following best describes the biofilm
A. Flexible. B. Controversial. C. Promising. D. Delicate.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的研究人员已经知道如何设计制造出一种能收集蒸发过程中的能量，并将其转化为电能的生物膜。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity.(马萨诸塞大学阿姆赫斯特分校的研究人员最近宣布，他们已经发现了如何设计一种生物膜，这种生物膜可以在蒸发中收集能量并将其转化为电能)”可知，研究人员已经知道如何设计制造出一种能收集蒸发过程中的能量，并将它转化为电能的生物膜了。即这种生物膜的预期功能是从蒸发过程中获取能量。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it’s dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.(但是这样的电池需要硫还原地杆菌得到适当的照顾和持续的饮食。相比之下，这种新的生物膜可以提供与同等大小的电池一样多的能量，并且可以连续工作，因为它是死的。因为它已经死了，所以不需要喂食)”可知，使用硫还原地杆菌的微生物电池需要使用者照顾硫还原地杆菌，并给它提供食物，而生物膜并没有这些要求。由此推知，生物膜降低了使用过程中的花费，故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.(由于我们的皮肤表面经常被汗水湿润，生物膜可以“插入”它，并将蒸发锁定的能量转化为足够的能量，为小型设备提供动力。姚说:“我们的下一步是增加薄膜的尺寸，为更智能的可穿戴电子设备供电。”刘指出，目标之一是为整个电子系统供电，而不是单个设备)”可知，生物膜通过从汗液中产生持续的电力为小型设备供电。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.(这种生物膜在《自然通讯》杂志上发表，它有可能彻底改变可穿戴电子产品的世界，为从个人医疗传感器到个人电子产品的一切提供动力)”和最后一段中的““Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.(姚说：“我们的下一步是增加薄膜的尺寸，为更智能的可穿戴电子设备供电。”刘指出，目标之一是为整个电子系统供电，而不是单个设备)”可推知，这种生物膜有非常广阔的应用前景。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2 分，满分 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are hundreds of genres (流派) of music, so while some might like one kind, others might like something completely different. Why do people like different kinds of music
____36____ At the same time, music can also help us feel like part of a group or a culture, especially one that shares an interest in a certain kind of music.
Music can also be nostalgic, that is, it creates a kind of longing for the past. Musicians leave behind a footprint with their music.____37____ Even long after the musicians are gone, people still find something in the musicians’ recordings that they can enjoy.
We may also find that the music we like is strongly tied to our memory. Maybe there was a song that someone sang to us when we were little that brings up good memories. ____38____
When we listen to music that we like, a chemical called dopamine is sometimes released in the brain, which can make us feel good. ____39____ There are some algorithms (算法) today that can help pick up on the kind of music we like. When we are streaming music, some programs will let us like or dislike songs.
People’s taste in music can remain the same in their whole life or it can change many times. But the truth is, we don’t know all the exact answers to why people like different kinds of music — or sports, or food, or colors. ____40____ We are all different people who like different things.
A. It’s music to our ears.
B. Music can be a part of our identity.
C. It becomes a mirror that we are holding up.
D. They leave a permanent mark in people’s lives.
E. Therefore, we might want to listen to a song on repeat.
F. Other times, we might find music can bring up sad memories.
G. There are lots of different factors that can influence our preferences.
【答案】36 B 37. D 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐对人们的影响。
36题详解】
根据后文“At the same time, music can also help us feel like part of a group or a culture, especially one that shares an interest in a certain kind of music.(与此同时，音乐也可以帮助我们感觉自己是一个团体或文化的一部分，尤其是对某种音乐有共同兴趣的人)”可知，后文提到了音乐对自身其他方面的影响，故本句是在说明音乐可以成为身体的一部分，故B选项“音乐可以成为我们身份的一部分”符合语境，故选B。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Musicians leave behind a footprint with their music.(音乐家在音乐中留下了足迹)”可知，上文提到了音乐家，D选项They指代上文Musicians。故D选项“他们在人们的生活中留下了永久的印记”符合语境，故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“We may also find that the music we like is strongly tied to our memory. Maybe there was a song that someone sang to us when we were little that brings up good memories.(我们可能还会发现，我们喜欢的音乐与我们的记忆密切相关。也许在我们小的时候，有人给我们唱过一首歌，勾起了我们美好的回忆)”可知，上文提到音乐可以勾起美好回忆，同样也能唤起悲伤的回忆。故F选项“其他时候，我们可能会发现音乐能唤起悲伤的回忆”符合语境，故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“When we listen to music that we like, a chemical called dopamine is sometimes released in the brain, which can make us feel good.(当我们听自己喜欢的音乐时，大脑中有时会释放一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质，它能让我们感觉良好)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出喜欢的音乐让我们感觉良好，所以喜欢重复听。故E选项“因此，我们可能想要重复听一首歌”符合语境，故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“But the truth is, we don’t know all the exact answers to why people like different kinds of music — or sports, or food, or colors.(但事实是，我们并不知道人们为什么喜欢不同种类的音乐、运动、食物或颜色的确切答案)”可知，本句承接上文说明影响偏好的因素很多，无法确定。故G选项“有很多不同的因素可以影响我们的偏好”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 20 小题;每小题1.5 分, 满分 30 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A Virginia third-grader has won two national awards for her exceptional skill in handwriting. That’s pretty remarkable on its own. But what makes the girl’s ____41____ extra special is that she accomplished it ____42____ having no hands.
On April 26, 9-year-old Anaya Ellick was named the ____43____ of the 2018 Zaner-Bloser National Handwriting Contest. The award ____44____ students with special needs who develop a great skill in handwriting. All participants have a mental or physical ____45____.
Anaya was born without hands on either arm. ____46____ she was fitted with prosthetics (假肢) for a time, she decided she was better off with her ____47____ ones and removed them. Instead, she has learned to ____48____ a pencil between her arms to draw and write. Two years ago, she made ____49____ across the world when she was named a winner in the contest’s print category. For 2018, she _____50_____ again for her cursive writing.
Tracy Cox, Anaya’s teacher, said Anaya is a role _____51_____ to other students. “Anaya does not let anything stand in her _____52_____ of reaching her goals,” said Cox. “She is determined and independent. She has the best _____53_____ in her class. Her classmates see her doing the _____54_____ tasks and they are often _____55_____ that she can do just as well, sometimes even better.” Anaya’s dad Gary Ellick said Anaya had always been _____56_____. “It was always like ‘I can do it.’ I’m proud to see that hard work does _____57_____,” he said.
Anaya was _____58_____ at school on Wednesday, and the school shared photos of her with her new award and examples of her writing. But another _____59_____ doesn’t mean she’s slowing down. When asked what’s _____60_____ on her plate, she said, “Sports.”
41. A. progress B. determination C. achievement D. knowledge
42. A. except B. despite C. beyond D. without
43. A. winner B. applicant C. competitor D. agent
44 A. represents B. reminds C. recognizes D. recommends
45. A. consequence B. depression C. strength D. disability
46. A. Though B. Since C. Unless D. Before
47. A. flexible B. normal C. basic D. natural
48. A. sharpen B. decorate C. hold D. design
49. A. comments B. headlines C. decisions D. contributions
50. A. won B. settled C. struggled D. volunteered
51. A. monitor B. soldier C. model D. actress
52. A. direction B. way C. path D. route
53. A. painting B. leadership C. quality D. handwriting
54. A. same B. strange C. urgent D. boring
55. A. satisfied B. disappointed C. amazed D. upset
56. A. peaceful B. confident C. intelligent D. considerate
57. A. work out B. get along C. take over D. pay off
58. A. honored B. trapped C. valued D. rescued
59. A. challenge B. contest C. opportunity D. victory
60. A. best B. next C. last D. first
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C 56. B 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。在这个数码时代，手写能获得全国水平的奖项，本身就是一种成就。自幼失去双臂的9岁小女孩Anaya Ellick通过自己的努力，两次获得了这样的奖项，是不是更值得赞扬呢？
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但让这个女孩的成就特别的是，尽管她没有双手，但她还是做到了。A. progress进步；B. determination决心；C. achievement成就；D. knowledge知识。由上文的“A Virginia third-grader has won two national awards for her exceptional skill in handwriting. That’s pretty remarkable on its own.”可知，9岁小女孩Anaya Ellick通过自己的努力，手写两次获得全国水平的奖项，这成就本身就很了不起。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：但让这个女孩的成就特别的是，尽管她没有双手，但她还是做到了。A. except (用于所言不包括的人或事物前)除……之外；B. despite尽管；C. beyond超过；D. without没有。由本处的“she accomplished it ____2____ having no hand”可知，让步关系，用介词despite，表Anaya Ellick尽管自幼失去双手，但依旧取得如此成就。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：4月26日，9岁的Anaya Ellick被评为2018年赞纳·布洛泽全国手写大赛的冠军。A. winner冠军；B. applicant申请人；C. competitor参赛者；D. agent代理人。由上文的“A Virginia third-grader has won two national awards for her exceptional skill in handwriting.”可知，Anaya Ellick是这个手写大赛的冠军。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该奖项表彰有特殊需要的学生，他们在手写方面有很强的技能。A. represents代表；B. reminds提醒；C. recognizes承认、认可；D. recommends推荐。由上下文语境可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick获得这次全国书写大赛桂冠，这是一种对有特殊需要的学生的认可。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有参与者都有智力或身体残疾。A. consequence结果；B. depression沮丧；C. strength力量；D. disability残疾。由上文的“special needs”和自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick可知，参赛的孩子都是有智力或身体上的残疾。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管她有一段时间戴了假肢，但她还是决定用天生的残肢更好，并将假肢移除。A. Though尽管；B. Since自从；C. Unless除非；D. Before在……之前。由下文的“she was fitted with prosthetics (假肢) for a time, she decided she was better off with her ____7____ ones and removed them”可知，让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管她有一段时间戴了假肢，但她还是决定用天生的残肢更好，并将假肢移除。A. flexible灵活的；B. normal正常的；C. basic基本的；D. natural天生的。由下文的“removed them”可知，Anaya Ellick将假肢移除，说明她要用天生的肢体，这里的natural ones指的是Anaya Ellick生来就有的残肢。故选D项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，她学会了用铅笔夹在胳膊之间画画和写字。A. sharpen锐化；B. decorate装饰；C. hold抓住；D. design设计。由上文的“她将假肢移除，用天生的残肢”和“a pencil between her arms to draw and write”可知，她学会了用胳膊夹着铅笔画画和写字。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年前，当她被评为该比赛印刷类的冠军时，她成为了世界各地的头条新闻。A. comments评论；B. headlines (报纸的)大字标题、头条；C. decisions决定；D. contributions贡献。由上文语境可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick获得全国书写大赛桂冠，这足以成为新闻头条，make headlines意思是“成为重要新闻”。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，她再次赢得了手写奖。A. won赢得；B. settled解决；C. struggled挣扎；D. volunteered自愿去做。由上文的“A Virginia third-grader has won two national awards for her exceptional skill in handwriting.(弗吉尼亚州一名三年级学生因其出色的手写技能两次获得全国性奖项)”可知，2018年，小姑娘再次赢得手写比赛。故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Anaya的老师特蕾西·考克斯说，Anaya是其他学生的榜样。A. monitor班长；B. soldier士兵；C. model榜样；D. actress女演员。由本处语境可知，Anaya的老师夸奖小姑娘，称她是其他同学的榜样。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：考克斯说：“Anaya不会让任何事情阻碍她实现目标。”A. direction方向；B. way方法；C. path小路；D. route路线。此处承接上文讲老师夸奖Anaya，可得出Anaya不让任何事情阻碍她实现目标，in the/one’s way是习惯搭配，意思是“挡道、阻挡”。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她坚定而独立。她在班上手写最好。A. painting绘画；B. leadership领导；C. quality质量；D. handwriting书写。由上文语境可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick能两次获得全国书写大赛桂冠，可得出小姑娘的手写是班上最好的。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的同学看到她做同样的任务，他们常常惊讶于她能做得一样好，有时甚至更好。A. same同样的；B. strange奇怪的；C. urgent紧急的；D. boring无聊的。由本处语境可知，同学肯定是用同样的事情和Anaya比较，即做同样的事情，她可以做得一样好，有时甚至更好，侧面说明她的优秀。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的同学看到她做同样的任务，他们常常惊讶于她能做得一样好，有时甚至更好。A. satisfied满意的；B. disappointed失望的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. upset不安的。由下文的“she can do just as well, sometimes even better”可知，作同样的事情，Anaya可以做得一样好，有时甚至更好，这让她的同学经常感到惊讶。故选C项。
【56题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Anaya的父亲加里·埃里克说，Anaya一直很自信。A. peaceful平静的；B. confident自信的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. considerate考虑周到的。由下文的“It was always like ‘I can do it.(我总是觉得‘我能做到’)”可知，小姑娘很自信。故选B项。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我总是觉得‘我能做到’。我很自豪地看到，努力工作确实有回报。”A. work out锻炼；B. get along（与……）和睦相处；C. take over接管；D. pay off获得回报。由上文语境可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya，她的付出获得了回报（手写比赛拿奖）。故选D项。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：周三，Anaya在学校受到表彰，学校分享了她与新奖项的合影，以及她手写的例子。A. honored给与……的光荣；B. trapped困住；C. valued重视；D. rescued拯救。由下文的“the school shared photos of her with her new award and examples of her writing(学校分享了她与新奖项的合影，以及她手写的例子)”可得出，Anaya在学校受到了表彰。故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但另一场胜利并不意味着她会放慢脚步。A. challenge挑战；B. contest比赛；C. opportunity机会；D. victory胜利。由本处语境可知，这里的another victory指的是第二次获得全国手写大赛大奖。故选D项。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她被问及接下来要做什么时，她说：“运动。”A. best最好的；B. next接下来的；C. last最后的；D. first第一的。由上文的“doesn’t mean she’s slowing down”可知，Anaya不会放慢脚步，而她接下来的目标是想在运动上有所建树。故选B项。
第 Ⅱ卷(非选择题共 50 分)
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题1.5分,满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for _______61_______ (far) studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues _______62_______ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
______63______ (overcome) many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland. At that time, in poor China, its rocket science was undeveloped — No majors in rocket science; No talents; No experts. Nevertheless, the “No” s didn’t discourage him from _______64_______ (take) on the challenge. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things ___65___other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much of _______66_______ technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, so he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
Qian was extremely ______67______ (knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, _______68_______ might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him _____69_____ (inspire) in his scientific research.
______70______ October 31,2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
【答案】61. further
62. founded
63. Having overcome
64. taking 65. as##that
66. the 67. knowledgeable
68. what 69. inspiration
70. On
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及突出贡献。
【61题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：钱学森1911年生于杭州，1935年赴美深造。表示“深造”短语为further study。故填further。
【62题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为美国喷气和火箭技术的先驱，他和他的同事在20世纪40年代建立了喷气推进实验室，现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作谓语，根据时间状语1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，故空处应用动词一般过去时态。故填founded。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国克服了许多困难后，钱最终于1955年回到中国。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词作非谓语，与逻辑主语Qian之间是主动关系，结合语意可知，空处动作发生在主句动作之前，故此处应用现在分词的完成时，即having done结构。故填Having overcome。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，“不”并没有阻止他接受挑战。作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填taking。
【65题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我们中国人能制造和别人一样的东西。短语the same…as/that表示“和……一样”。故填as/that。
【66题详解】
考查冠词。句意：甚至神舟火箭背后的许多技术也可以追溯到钱的研究，所以他赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。此处technology特指神舟火箭背后的许多技术，应用定冠词。故填the。
【67题详解】
考查形容词。句意：钱学识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，意为“学识渊博的”，应填形容词knowledgeable。故填knowledgeable。
【68题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，如音乐和绘画。引导主语从句，从句缺主语，意为“什么”，应用连接代词what来引导主语从句。故填what。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：他对艺术的高度欣赏经常给他的科学研究带来灵感。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为“灵感”，故应用名词inspiration，抽象名词不可数。故填inspiration。
【70题详解】
考查介词。句意：2009年10月31日，全国人民为钱先生的逝世感到悲痛，人们以不同的方式缅怀他。根据后文October 31, 2009表示在具体某一天应用介词on，首字母大写。故填On。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 35分)
第一节 短文改错 (共 10 小题;每小题1 分, 满分 10 分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换并修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wisely.” Almost everyone have heard this classical saying, but have you ever wondered why it’s true When it comes to health, why should one wake up early and participate physical activities in the morning
Firstly, your body’s energy levels were high in the morning. Secondly, the morning hour are the least polluted and have the highest oxygen levels. When you breathe more oxygen in the open air, and your body cells are better able to perform their functions. As the result, you aren’t likely to becoming ill.
Morning is a great time to walk. That is beneficial for you to take some regular morning walks, which can ensure our physical and mental health.
【答案】1. wisely→wise
2. have→has
3. participate 后加in
4.were→are
5. hour→hours
6.删掉 and
7.the→a
8. becoming→become
9.That→It
10.our→your
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述早上早起做运动的好处。
【71题详解】
考查形容词。句意：早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。由and前“healthy, wealthy”可知，and后也应用形容词作宾补。故将wisely改为wise。
【72题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：几乎每个人都听过这句经典的话，但你有没有想过为什么这句话是真的？分析句子可知，本句主语为复合不定代词everyone，所以一般现在时谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故将have改为has。
【73题详解】
考查介词。句意：说到健康，为什么一个人要早起并在早上参加体育活动？participate in表示“参加”，为固定动词短语。故在participate后加in。
【74题详解】
考查时态。句意：首先，早上你身体的能量水平很高。根据本段后文和句意可知，这里时态应与后文保持一致，用一般现在时。故将were改为are。
【75题详解】
考查名词。句意：其次，早晨污染最少，含氧量最高。根据谓语动词are和have可知，主语是复数名词。故将hour改为hours。
【76题详解】
考查连词。句意：当你在户外呼吸更多氧气时，你的身体细胞就能更好地发挥其功能。分析句子可知，本句是有when引导的时间状语从句，when充当连词，所以不再需要并列连词and。故删除and。
【77题详解】
考查冠词。句意：因此，你不太可能生病。as a result表“因此”，为固定搭配。故将result前the改为a。
【78题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，你不太可能生病。be likely to do 表“可能做...”，为固定搭配。故将becoming改为become。
【79题详解】
考查代词。句意：每天早上有规律地散步对你有益，这可以确保你的身心健康。It is adj to do sth表“做某事怎么样”，为固定句型，其中It作形式主语。故将That改为It。
【80题详解】
考查代词。句意：每天早上有规律地散步对你有益，这可以确保你的身心健康。分析句子可知，本句是确保你的身心健康，用形容词性物主代词your。故将our改为your。
第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分)
72. 假如你是李华，在校园里看到外教Mrs Smith的一则消息，请你根据提供内容回复这则消息。
A Little Teacher Wanted A lovely boy from England, aged 8, living on the campus only for two weeks, wants to learn about Chinese traditional culture. If you are kind and helpful, please accompany him on weekends. You’ll have lots of fun then. Please send an email to Mrs Smith at Smith@
内容包括：1.写信目的；
2.个人优势；
3.希望获准。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mrs Smith,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mrs Smith,
I’m Li Hua, a senior student in your class. Seeing your news on our campus, I feel overjoyed, eager to accompany your 8-year-old kid on weekends to show him some Chinese traditional culture.
1 have been keen on Chinese traditional culture, and the good quality to get on well with others, especially rich experience to take care of children. With my guidance, the kid will obtain enough knowledge about Chinese folk art-crafts, such as paper-cutting, clay sculpture. Maybe he will be able to play Chinese chess, draw Chinese painting, and write down some beautiful Chinese characters.
Hope I can get the chance to improve myself.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，在校园里看到外教Mrs Smith的一则消息，请你根据提供内容回复这则消息。
【详解】1.词汇积累
获得：obtain→acquire
相处融洽：get on well with→get along with
高兴的：overjoyed→delighted
照顾：take care of→look after
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Hope I can get the chance to improve myself.
拓展句：I would appreciate it if I can get the chance to improve myself.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Seeing your news on our campus, I feel overjoyed, eager to accompany your 8-year-old kid on weekends to show him some Chinese traditional culture. (运用了现在分词作原因状语)
[高分句型2] Hope I can get the chance to improve myself. (运用了不定式作后置定语)汉中市2024届高三年级教学质量第一次检测考试
英 语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
本试卷分第 Ⅰ 卷(选择题)和第 Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共 100 分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分 )
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分 7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman going to do next
A. Cook snow peas. B. Plant some onions. C. Water the flower bed.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Some beautiful places. B. Different languages. C. A charming girl.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a store. B. In a factory. C. At home.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is to blame according to the man
A. Uncomfortable seats. B. The traffic noise. C. Miss Lee’s weak voice.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man mean
A. He’ll clean the car today.
B The car doesn’t need cleaning.
C. Mark should clean the car this time.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题1.5分, 满分 22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What will the man do next
A. Call a taxi. B. Go to the airport. C. Have his car repaired.
7. What is the woman probably related to the man
A. His wife. B. His colleague. C. His neighbor.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To invite him to go jogging.
B. To recommend Foot Locker to him.
C. To ask him for some advice.
9. How much are the running shoes in Foot Locker
A. $50. B. $75. C. $100.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Where did the man go last night
A. A cinema. B. A restaurant. C. A theme park.
11. What kind of clothing is forbidden
A. Jeans. B. T-shirts. C. Short skirts.
12. What discount did the man get last time
A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 70%.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the woman cooking now
A. Spaghetti. B. Pizza. C. Fried chicken.
14. How does the man feel about the food
A. Indifferent. B. Interested. C. Worried.
15. From whom did the woman get the recipe
A. A relative. B. A friend. C. A restaurant owner.
16. What did the woman plan to do tonight
A Go shopping for food. B. Teach the man to cook. C. Entertain friends at home.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where should the rock climbers meet at midday
A. In the library. B. In the car park. C. At the main gate.
18. When will afternoon classes start
A. At 12:30. B. At 1:30. C. At 2:30.
19. What are NOT allowed during horse riding
A. Sports shoes. B. Strong shoes. C. Riding boots.
20. What activity will be arranged in the evening
A. A barbecue. B. A dance party. C. A cooking competition.
第二部分 阅读理解(共20 小题，每小题2分，满分 40分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题2 分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Libraries are places to preserve cultural heritage, develop information resources and carry out social education. Let’s look at some of the most beautiful libraries in the world.
Vennesla Library and Culture House, Norway
The library is one of the most beautiful libraries in the world. Opened in 2011, this library is an important site for concerts, theatrical performances and film screenings. The design of the library is unique. The building is supported by 27 laminated (层压的) wood arches that hold the roof up.
Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Italy
The library is one of the largest and most important libraries in Italy. It preserves one of the most important collections of Greek, Latin and Asian manuscripts (手稿) in the entire world. Some of them are the most precious pieces. The library specializes in Venetian history and classic philology. Its collection of antique maps is also very significant.
Stacja Kultura, Poland
Thanks to a recent restoration, a station that was once in ruins underwent an architectural change. The library might seem unremarkable from the outside, but the innovative project and its division into a train station, public library and cultural center have certainly made this building worth a visit.
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, United States
The library is the main source of literary archives (档案), ancient manuscripts and rare books at Yale University, and it’s visited by students and researchers from around the pleted in 1963, the library is home to the Bollingen Prize for Poetry which is awarded biennially, and the Windham-Campbell Prizes which are awarded annually for fiction, literary essays, poetry, and theater.
21. Which library will attract people interested in the stage
A. Vennesla Library and Culture House. B. Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana.
C Stacja Kultura. D. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
22. Which aspect makes Stacja Kultura different from the other three libraries
A. Its architecture. B. Its collection. C. Its location. D. Its original owner.
23. What do the second library and the fourth library have in common
A. They have a long history. B. They are favored by movie lovers.
C. They hold some precious treasures. D. They are the most important libraries.
B
When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G. Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions.
“I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any,” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said. Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come.
To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking. “It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college’s Bush Campus Center.”
“Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart,” Niedermyer said. “I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.”
To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her. And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors.
During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
“I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school,” Santaella said. “I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.”
24. Why did Santaella feel very stressed
A. Because a big hurricane was approaching.
B. Because she was left without power and water.
C. Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes.
D. Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane.
25. What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A Exposed. B. Connected. C. Distributed. D. Contributed.
26. What can we learn from the text
A. Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently.
B. Niedermyer responded to Santaella’s ideas coldly.
C. Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone.
D. Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico.
27. Which can be the best title for the text
A. Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico
B. Student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown
C. College Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales
D. Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising
C
What makes a word real Who has the power to make those kinds of official decisions about words Those are the questions many people have in mind. When most people say a word isn’t real, what they mean is that it doesn’t appear in a dictionary. That, of course, raises some other questions, including, who writes dictionaries
Now, dictionaries are good resources, but they are changeable. If you ask dictionary editors, what they’ll tell you is that they’re just trying to keep up with people as people change the language. They’re watching what people say and what people write and trying to figure out what’s going to stick and what’s not going to stick.
Every January, dictionary editors go to the American Dialect Society Meeting every year, where among other things, they decide on the word of the year. There are about 200 or 300 people who come. Some of them are the best known linguists in the United States. In the past, some of the winners have been “staycation” to describe a vacation spent at home and “tweet” to describe a post made on the social networking service Twitter.
So how does a word get into a dictionary It gets in because people use it and people keep using it, and dictionary editors are paying attention to people. If a community of speakers is using a word and knows what it means, it’s real. That word might be informal and that word might be a word that you think is illogical or unnecessary, but as long as people are using the word, it is real. I hope that what you can do is to find language change not annoying but fun and interesting, just the way dictionary editors do. I hope you can enjoy being part of the creativity that is continually remaking our language and keeping it alive.
28. Why do dictionaries change over time
A. Speakers keep changing language. B. Linguists often make up new words.
C. Dictionary editors change every year. D. Words in the dictionary are out of date.
29. Who has the right to decide the word of the year
A. New words inventors. B. American Officials.
C. Dictionary editors. D. Famous linguists.
30. What is the author’s attitude towards language changing
A. Worried. B. Positive. C. Uninterested. D. Confused
31. Where does this passage most probably come from
A. A science fiction. B. A history book. C. A news report. D. A popular magazine.
D
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity. This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.
“This is a very exciting technology,” says Liu Xiaomeng, graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst’s College of Engineering and the paper’s lead author. “It generates real green energy, and unlike other so-called ‘green-energy’ sources, its production is totally green.”
That’s because this biofilm-which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper-is produced naturally by an engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens (硫还原地杆菌). G. sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it’s dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.
The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin. Though we daily read stories about solar power, at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water. “This is a huge, undiscovered source of energy,” says Yao Jun, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the paper’s one senior author. Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.
32. What function is the biofilm expected to achieve
A Updating wearable electronics. B. Acquiring power from evaporation.
C. Changing the way of getting electricity. D. Supplying energy to “microbial batteries”.
33. What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”
A. It’s thinner in thickness. B. It’s environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces the cost in usage. D. It employs a rare energy source.
34. How does the biofilm power small devices
A. By interacting with solar power. B. By gaining energy from electronic systems.
C. By using water to generate electricity. D. By producing continuous electricity from sweat.
35. Which of the following best describes the biofilm
A. Flexible. B. Controversial. C. Promising. D. Delicate.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2 分，满分 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are hundreds of genres (流派) of music, so while some might like one kind, others might like something completely different. Why do people like different kinds of music
____36____ At the same time, music can also help us feel like part of a group or a culture, especially one that shares an interest in a certain kind of music.
Music can also be nostalgic, that is, it creates a kind of longing for the past. Musicians leave behind a footprint with their music.____37____ Even long after the musicians are gone, people still find something in the musicians’ recordings that they can enjoy.
We may also find that the music we like is strongly tied to our memory. Maybe there was a song that someone sang to us when we were little that brings up good memories. ____38____
When we listen to music that we like, a chemical called dopamine is sometimes released in the brain, which can make us feel good. ____39____ There are some algorithms (算法) today that can help pick up on the kind of music we like. When we are streaming music, some programs will let us like or dislike songs.
People’s taste in music can remain the same in their whole life or it can change many times. But the truth is, we don’t know all the exact answers to why people like different kinds of music — or sports, or food, or colors. ____40____ We are all different people who like different things.
A. It’s music to our ears.
B. Music can be a part of our identity.
C. It becomes a mirror that we are holding up.
D. They leave a permanent mark in people’s lives.
E. Therefore, we might want to listen to a song on repeat.
F. Other times, we might find music can bring up sad memories.
G. There are lots of different factors that can influence our preferences.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 20 小题;每小题1.5 分, 满分 30 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A Virginia third-grader has won two national awards for her exceptional skill in handwriting. That’s pretty remarkable on its own. But what makes the girl’s ____41____ extra special is that she accomplished it ____42____ having no hands.
On April 26, 9-year-old Anaya Ellick was named the ____43____ of the 2018 Zaner-Bloser National Handwriting Contest. The award ____44____ students with special needs who develop a great skill in handwriting. All participants have a mental or physical ____45____.
Anaya was born without hands on either arm. ____46____ she was fitted with prosthetics (假肢) for a time, she decided she was better off with her ____47____ ones and removed them. Instead, she has learned to ____48____ a pencil between her arms to draw and write. Two years ago, she made ____49____ across the world when she was named a winner in the contest’s print category. For 2018, she _____50_____ again for her cursive writing.
Tracy Cox, Anaya’s teacher, said Anaya is a role _____51_____ to other students. “Anaya does not let anything stand in her _____52_____ of reaching her goals,” said Cox. “She is determined and independent. She has the best _____53_____ in her class. Her classmates see her doing the _____54_____ tasks and they are often _____55_____ that she can do just as well, sometimes even better.” Anaya’s dad Gary Ellick said Anaya had always been _____56_____. “It was always like ‘I can do it.’ I’m proud to see that hard work does _____57_____,” he said.
Anaya was _____58_____ at school on Wednesday, and the school shared photos of her with her new award and examples of her writing. But another _____59_____ doesn’t mean she’s slowing down. When asked what’s _____60_____ on her plate, she said, “Sports.”
41. A. progress B. determination C. achievement D. knowledge
42. A. except B. despite C. beyond D. without
43. A. winner B. applicant C. competitor D. agent
44. A. represents B. reminds C. recognizes D. recommends
45. A. consequence B. depression C. strength D. disability
46. A. Though B. Since C. Unless D. Before
47. A. flexible B. normal C. basic D. natural
48. A. sharpen B. decorate C. hold D. design
49. A. comments B. headlines C. decisions D. contributions
50. A. won B. settled C. struggled D. volunteered
51. A. monitor B. soldier C. model D. actress
52. A. direction B. way C. path D. route
53. A. painting B. leadership C. quality D. handwriting
54. A. same B. strange C. urgent D. boring
55. A. satisfied B. disappointed C. amazed D. upset
56. A. peaceful B. confident C. intelligent D. considerate
57. A. work out B. get along C. take over D. pay off
58. A. honored B. trapped C. valued D. rescued
59. A. challenge B. contest C. opportunity D. victory
60. A. best B. next C. last D. first
第 Ⅱ卷(非选择题共 50 分)
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题1.5分,满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for _______61_______ (far) studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues _______62_______ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
______63______ (overcome) many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland. At that time, in poor China, its rocket science was undeveloped — No majors in rocket science; No talents; No experts. Nevertheless, the “No” s didn’t discourage him from _______64_______ (take) on the challenge. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things ___65___other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much of _______66_______ technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, so he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
Qian was extremely ______67______ (knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, _______68_______ might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him _____69_____ (inspire) in his scientific research.
______70______ October 31,2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 35分)
第一节 短文改错 (共 10 小题;每小题1 分, 满分 10 分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换并修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wisely.” Almost everyone have heard this classical saying, but have you ever wondered why it’s true When it comes to health, why should one wake up early and participate physical activities in the morning
Firstly, your body’s energy levels were high in the morning. Secondly, the morning hour are the least polluted and have the highest oxygen levels. When you breathe more oxygen in the open air, and your body cells are better able to perform their functions. As the result, you aren’t likely to becoming ill.
Morning is a great time to walk. That is beneficial for you to take some regular morning walks, which can ensure our physical and mental health.
第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分)
72. 假如你是李华，在校园里看到外教Mrs Smith的一则消息，请你根据提供内容回复这则消息。
A Little Teacher Wanted A lovely boy from England, aged 8, living on the campus only for two weeks, wants to learn about Chinese traditional culture. If you are kind and helpful, please accompany him on weekends. You’ll have lots of fun then. Please send an email to Mrs Smith at Smith@
内容包括：1.写信目的；
2.个人优势；
3.希望获准。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mrs Smith,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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