高中试卷答案网Unit4 Stage and screen 语法-精讲破
现在分词（短语）作状语
一、基本用法
观察
Hearing the noise, I turned round.
=When I heard the noise, I turned round.
听到响声，我转过身去。
Being too young, he couldn't join the army.
=Because he was too young, he couldn't join the army.
因为太年轻，他不能参军。
Working hard, you'll succeed.
=If you work hard, you'll succeed.
如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
Admitting what she said, I still think that she didn't try her best.
=Although/Though/While I admit what she said, I still think that she didn't try her best.
尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
He walked down the river, singing softly to himself.
他沿着河流一边走，一边轻轻地唱。
His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在战争中死亡，因此他成了孤儿。
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
由于没有被邀请参加晚会，她只好待在家里。
归纳
（1）现在分词（短语）作状语所表示的动作往往和逻辑主语之间存在①________关系。
（2）现在分词（短语）作状语常常用来表示②________、③________、④________、⑤________、⑥________、结果等，往往可以和⑦________进行转换，一般不用作目的状语。
（3）现在分词（短语）作状语，其否定形式是在前面加⑧________。
二、注意事项
1.现在分词的时态形式和语态形式
时态形式 语态形式
主动 被动
现在分词的一般式 doing being done
现在分词的完成式 having done having been done
观察
Following the guide, we walked through the forest.
跟着向导，我们穿过了森林。
Having lived abroad for many years, I was eager to return to my homeland.
在国外住了很多年了，我渴望回到我的祖国。
归纳
（1）当现在分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作⑨________发生时，用现在分词的一般式。
（2）当现在分词表示的动作⑩________谓语动词表示的动作发生时，用现在分词的完成式。
2.现在分词的独立主格结构
观察
The train having gone, we had to wait another day.
火车已经开走了，我们不得不再等一天。
归纳
现在分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的 ________一致，如果不一致，通常用 ________结构，也就是在现在分词（短语）前面加上它的逻辑主语。
3.连词+现在分词
观察
While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.=While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
在等公共汽车的时候，他读了一份《中国日报》。
归纳
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句中谓语含动词时，从句可以省略 ________主语和be动词，构成“连词+现在分词”的形式。
链接高考
请写出下列句中的黑体部分作哪种状语
1.（2020天津，11）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking.
2.（2020全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D）I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
3.（2020全国Ⅱ，七选五）Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.
4.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，完形填空）Getting a little closer, I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was in trouble.
5. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could-he huddled（蜷缩）in his cave and slept.
单句语法填空
6.（2020全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D）Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while________ (grow) up on Samal Island in the Philippines.
7.（2020全国新高考I，阅读理解B）After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, ________ (work) to pay her tuition（学费）.
8.（2020江苏，完形填空）When Wilson heated it, the container exploded, ________（leave）Wilson blinded in both eyes.
9.（2020全国新高考I，阅读理解C）Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, ________（make）his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
10.（2020浙江，语法填空）Later, they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ________（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields..
11.（2018北京，阅读理解A）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, ________（leave）me only two weeks to train.
12.（2018课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空）I quickly lower myself, ________（duck）my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
13.（2017江苏，21）Many Chinese brands, ________（develop）their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
句型转换
14.（2019课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，）
When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
→________ ________ ________saying she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
参考答案：
①主动
②时间
③原因
④条件
⑤让步
⑥伴随
⑦状语从句
⑧not
⑨同时
⑩先于
主语
独立主格
be
1.伴随状语
2.方式状语
3.结果状语
4.时间状语
5.原因状语
6. growing 考查非谓语动词。句意：Jubilado博士在菲律宾的萨马尔岛长大，在那里他第一次见到巴瑶人。分析句子结构可知此处考查“连词+非谓语动词”结构，grow 与Dr.Jubilado是主动关系，故答案为growing。
7.working考查非谓语动词。句意：高中毕业后，珍妮弗上了当地的一所技术学院，靠打工来支付学费。分析句子结构可知attended是谓语动词，再结合句意可知此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。故答案为working。
8.leaving考查非谓语动词。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，使威尔逊双眼失明。分析句子结构可知exploded是主句谓语动词，再结合句意可知此处用现在分词短语作结果状语。故答案为leaving。
9.making考查非谓语动词。句意：Bissell先生巧妙地组织了历史见解和文化借鉴，使他的故事从西方人的角度全面展现了乌兹别克斯坦。分析句子结构可知organizes是谓语动词，再结合句意可知此处用现在分词短语作结果状语。故答案为making。
10.making考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学着随着季节的变更劳作，在适当的时间种植，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知，此处需用非谓语动词作状语。make use of和逻辑主语they之间为主动关系。故填making。
11.leaving考查非谓语动词。句意：在我第一次（参加）马拉松赛跑的前一个月，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着我两周内不能跑步，只剩下两周的时间训练。根据句意可知，此处是现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
12.ducking考查现在分词。句意：我迅速弯下身，低下头，避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会觉得受到了挑战。根据句意可知空格处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
l3.having developed考查现在分词。句意：很多已经积攒了几百年声誉的中国品牌，正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。根据句意可知，develop与其逻辑主语Chinese brands之间是主动关系，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
14.Getting a call
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